[PATCH 1/2] libstdc++: Atomic wait/notify ABI stabilization

[Nate Eldredge]

Ref: https://gcc.gnu.org/pipermail/gcc-patches/2023-November/636805.html, 
https://gcc.gnu.org/pipermail/gcc-patches/2023-November/636804.html

I found a couple of bugs in this patch set.

#1: In atomic_wait.h, we have __wait_flags defined to include:

        __do_spin = 4,
        __spin_only = 8 | __do_spin, // implies __do_spin

So __spin_only is defined as two bits, which breaks when we test `__args & 
__wait_flags::__spin_only` in __wait_impl().  The test evaluates true even 
when we have only set __do_spin (bit 2) without bit 3, which is the 
default at least on Linux and which is supposed to request a limited 
number of spins before calling futex() and sleeping.  You can observe this 
by seeing that a thread blocked on std::counting_semaphore::acquire() 
consumes 100% CPU indefinitely.

There is another instance in atomic_timed_wait.h.

Probably __spin_only should just be 8, and any configuration that wants 
it should be responsible for manually setting __do_spin as well.


#2: __atomic_wait_address() does not populate __args._M_old before passing 
to __wait_impl(), so it remains at its default value 0 (set by the 
constructor).  As a result, `__wait_impl` is effectively always waiting on 
the value 0 (i.e. until `*__addr != 0`) rather than whatever value is 
actually wanted.  This is of course wrong, and can deadlock under the 
right race condition.

To fix, we need something like `__args._M_old = __val;` inside the loop in 
__atomic_wait_address(), so that we always wait on the exact value that 
the predicate __pred() rejected.  Again, there are similar instances in 
atomic_timed_wait.h.

(In the current libstdc++ implementation, the predicate function loads the 
value itself and doesn't return it, so we wait instead on a possibly 
different value that was loaded somewhere else in _S_do_spin().  That is 
also wrong, because the latter value might have been acceptable to the 
predicate, and if so then waiting on it may deadlock.  A classic TOCTOU. 
This is Bug #104928, reported in March 2022 and still unfixed: 
https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=104928.  The patch proposed 
here would fix it, though.)

-- 
Nate Eldredge
nate@thatsmathematics.com