Ada source:

procedure T is

type Var_Array is
  array (Integer range <>) of Integer;

type Array_Ptr is
  access Var_Array;

X : Array_Ptr;

begin
  X := new Var_Array(1..10);
  if X(23) /= 1 then
    X(23) := 2;
  end if;
end;

x86 object: (see comments below in '--')

t.o:     file format elf32-i386

Disassembly of section .text:

--
-- procedure T is
-- begin
--

00000000 <_ada_t>:
   0:	55                   	push   %ebp
   1:	89 e5                	mov    %esp,%ebp
   3:	83 ec 18             	sub    $0x18,%esp

--
-- X := new Var_Array(1..10);
--

   6:	c7 04 24 30 00 00 00 	movl   $0x30,(%esp,1)
   d:	89 5d fc             	mov    %ebx,0xfffffffc(%ebp)
  10:	e8 fc ff ff ff       	call   11 <_ada_t+0x11>
			11: R_386_PC32	__gnat_malloc
  15:	c7 00 01 00 00 00    	movl   $0x1,(%eax)
  20:	c7 40 04 0a 00 00 00 	movl   $0xa,0x4(%eax)

--
-- BUG
--
-- This sequence appears to be checking for X = null.  In fact, what it is
-- really doing is checking for X(1)'Access = null.
--
-- The compiler is going out of its way to cache X(X'First)'Access.
-- The problem with the whole X(1)'Access approach is that it allocates
-- a register (edx) to hold a value of no import.  Since the x86 has a dearth
-- of registers to begin with, why not simply hold on to X.Access and
-- displace X by the dope vector size (8 bytes).  There doesn't appear to be
-- any register pressure in this procedure, but why allocate an unnecessary
-- register?
--

  1b:	8d 50 08             	lea    0x8(%eax),%edx
  27:	85 d2                	test   %edx,%edx
  29:	74 59                	je     84 <_ada_t+0x84>

--
-- OPTIMIZE
--
-- if X(23) /= 1 then
--
-- The bounds check could/should be optimized.  Ignore the fact that we
-- could statically determine X's range.  The current range check does:
--
-- if Index < X'First then fail;
-- if Index > X'Last then fail;
-- Temp := Index - X'First;
-- ...
--
-- which is the same as:
--
-- Temp := Index - X'First;
-- if Temp < 0 then fail;
-- if Index > X'Last then fail;
-- ...
--
-- depending on life-time analysis it could become:
--
-- if Index > X'Last then fail;
-- Index := Index - X'First;
-- if Index < 0 then fail;
-- ...
--
-- which saves 1 register and should be a condition code check against
-- the subtract.
--

  1e:	89 c1                	mov    %eax,%ecx
  2b:	8b 00                	mov    (%eax),%eax
  2d:	83 f8 17             	cmp    $0x17,%eax
  30:	7f 06                	jg     38 <_ada_t+0x38>
  32:	83 79 04 16          	cmpl   $0x16,0x4(%ecx)
  36:	7f 18                	jg     50 <_ada_t+0x50>
  38:	c7 04 24 00 00 00 00 	movl   $0x0,(%esp,1)
			3b: R_386_32	.rodata
  3f:	b8 0d 00 00 00       	mov    $0xd,%eax
  44:	89 44 24 04          	mov    %eax,0x4(%esp,1)
  48:	e8 fc ff ff ff       	call   49 <_ada_t+0x49>
			49: R_386_PC32	__gnat_rcheck_05
  4d:	8d 76 00             	lea    0x0(%esi),%esi
  50:	bb 17 00 00 00       	mov    $0x17,%ebx
  55:	29 c3                	sub    %eax,%ebx
  57:	83 3c 9a 01          	cmpl   $0x1,(%edx,%ebx,4)
  5b:	74 0b                	je     68 <_ada_t+0x68>

--
-- BUG
--
-- X(23) := 2;
--
-- Same bad if X(1).Access = null check again.
--
-- What is odd about this sequence is that the compiler knew enough to
-- elide the bounds check on the index, but the = null check (which was
-- previously performed) still exists here.
--

  5d:	85 d2                	test   %edx,%edx
  5f:	74 0e                	je     6f <_ada_t+0x6f>
  61:	c7 04 9a 02 00 00 00 	movl   $0x2,(%edx,%ebx,4)
  68:	8b 5d fc             	mov    0xfffffffc(%ebp),%ebx

--
-- end if;
-- end;
--

  6b:	89 ec                	mov    %ebp,%esp
  6d:	5d                   	pop    %ebp
  6e:	c3                   	ret    

--
-- Range-check failure code.
--

  6f:	ba 0e 00 00 00       	mov    $0xe,%edx
  74:	89 54 24 04          	mov    %edx,0x4(%esp,1)
  78:	c7 04 24 00 00 00 00 	movl   $0x0,(%esp,1)
			7b: R_386_32	.rodata
  7f:	e8 fc ff ff ff       	call   80 <_ada_t+0x80>
			80: R_386_PC32	__gnat_rcheck_00
  84:	b8 0d 00 00 00       	mov    $0xd,%eax
  89:	89 44 24 04          	mov    %eax,0x4(%esp,1)
  8d:	eb e9                	jmp    78 <_ada_t+0x78>