[PATCH v2 0/5] libstdc++: chrono tzdb correctness fixes

Álvaro Begué alvaro.begue@gmail.com
Sun Apr 26 23:42:54 GMT 2026


This is v2 of the chrono tzdb correctness fix series.  The actual fixes
are unchanged; v2 addresses Tomasz Kamiński's review comments, which
were all stylistic.

Changes since v1 (per Tomasz's feedback):

  * Trim verbose "Regression test:" / past-bug-history prose from the
    test files.  Test comments now describe the behavior under test
    rather than the historical bug.
  * Trim redundant cross-reference comments and shorten the surviving
    ones.  "// PR 116110" breadcrumbs in code comments are gone -- the
    PR number is captured in the commit message and the ChangeLog entry.
  * Patch 2: rename parse_on_day_body -> parse_day_spec; use C++20
    designated initializers and if-with-initializer for `on_day` and
    `abbrev_month`; restructure the optional DAY/TIME parse so TIME is
    only attempted when DAY parsing succeeds.

Each commit now carries a Signed-off-by trailer.

A range-diff of v1 vs v2 is included at the end of this cover letter.

Test plan (rerun against current master HEAD):

  * libstdc++ stage1 build of GCC 16.0.1 trunk (b99e67e8a) succeeds.
  * All 7 chrono tests pass (Wakely's existing 116110 + 124513 plus the
    5 new ones added by this series).
  * Brute-force comparison harness (628310 samples × 447 zones) reports
    zero mismatches against libc localtime_r.
  * Abbreviation-only sweep (188493 samples) reports zero offset and
    zero abbrev diffs.

The series builds on Jonathan Wakely's recent PR116110 / PR124513
work (commits 663e5ade1, cddf4111c, fbc5d2b1a).  Patch 3 in particular
resolves the "FIXME: PR116110" left in operator>>(istream&, ZoneInfo&)
for the named-rule wall-UNTIL case.

  1. Fix numeric save offset on Zone lines [PR124851].

     ZoneInfo::m_offset had inconsistent semantics: the parser path
     stored stdoff alone, but the two sys_info-taking constructors
     stored the total (stdoff + save).  Normalize m_offset to stdoff
     alone everywhere; to() adds save back when reconstructing.

  2. Support ON-format DAY in Zone UNTIL field [PR124852].

     The UNTIL parser only accepted a plain integer as the DAY,
     silently misparsing tzdata.zi entries like Europe/Simferopol's
     "1997 Mar lastSu 1u".  Reuse the on_day machinery and the
     parse_day_spec helper.

  3. Resolve named-rule UNTIL save adjustment [PR116110].

     The remaining FIXME in operator>>(istream&, ZoneInfo&) for
     wall-time UNTILs on named-rule zone lines.  At parse time the
     active rule cannot be evaluated, so the parser leaves the SAVE
     adjustment pending and a fixup pass in reload_tzdb walks every
     pending ZoneInfo and applies the adjustment using a new
     find_pre_until_rule helper with iterative-boundary cascade
     semantics.  Removes the +11h workaround from test_apia in
     116110.cc.

  4. Cascade wall-time saves in lazy expansion seeding [PR124853].

     Replace the per-rule isolated active-rule lookup in
     _M_get_sys_info with a chronological cascade walker that
     maintains a running save and interprets each Wall-time rule's
     at_time relative to the cascaded state (matching zic.c's
     outzone()).

  5. Implement zic writezone merge optimization [PR124854].

     Two related fixes: (a) always seed info.offset/save from
     find_active_rule (not just when letters is empty), so partial-
     expansion re-entry sees the right state; (b) add the writezone
     merge for backward jumps at zone-line boundaries.

Álvaro Begué (5):
  libstdc++: Fix numeric save offset on Zone lines [PR124851]
  libstdc++: Support ON-format DAY in Zone UNTIL field [PR124852]
  libstdc++: Resolve named-rule UNTIL save adjustment [PR116110]
  libstdc++: Cascade wall-time saves in lazy expansion seeding
    [PR124853]
  libstdc++: Implement zic writezone merge optimization [PR124854]

 libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc                | 378 ++++++++++++++----
 .../testsuite/std/time/time_zone/116110.cc    |   5 +-
 .../std/time/time_zone/numeric_save.cc        |  58 +++
 .../std/time/time_zone/pr116110_named.cc      |  74 ++++
 .../std/time/time_zone/until_day_on.cc        | 168 ++++++++
 .../std/time/time_zone/wall_cascade.cc        |  70 ++++
 .../std/time/time_zone/zone_merge.cc          |  84 ++++
 7 files changed, 748 insertions(+), 89 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644
libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/numeric_save.cc
 create mode 100644
libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/pr116110_named.cc
 create mode 100644
libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/until_day_on.cc
 create mode 100644
libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/wall_cascade.cc
 create mode 100644 libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/zone_merge.cc

Range-diff against v1:
1:  7e77ac729 ! 1:  2136a9e20 libstdc++: Fix numeric save offset on Zone
lines [PR 124851]
    @@
      ## Metadata ##
    -Author: Alvaro Begue <alvaro.begue@gmail.com>
    +Author: Álvaro Begué <alvaro.begue@gmail.com>

      ## Commit message ##
    -    libstdc++: Fix numeric save offset on Zone lines [PR 124851]
    +    libstdc++: Fix numeric save offset on Zone lines [PR124851]

         When a Zone line specifies a numeric value as its RULES field (the
         constant DST save value for that zone line, e.g. Africa/Gaborone's
    @@ Commit message
                 populating sys_info::offset.
                 * testsuite/std/time/time_zone/numeric_save.cc: New test.

    +    Signed-off-by: Álvaro Begué <alvaro.begue@gmail.com>
    +
      ## libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc ##
     @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono

    @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
            }

     -      // STDOFF: Seconds from UTC during standard time.
    -+      // STDOFF: Seconds from UTC during standard time.  Always the
    -+      // standard offset only; the saved value (if any) is in m_save
and
    -+      // is added back when reconstructing a sys_info via to().
    ++      // STDOFF: Seconds from UTC during standard time (without any
save).
            seconds
            offset() const noexcept { return m_offset; }

    @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono

      info.end = until();
     - info.offset = offset();
    -+ // m_offset is the standard offset only; add the saved value to
    -+ // reconstruct the total offset.  See ZoneInfo's m_offset comment.
     + info.offset = offset() + seconds(m_save);
      info.save = minutes(m_save);
      info.abbrev = format();
    @@ libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/numeric_save.cc (new)
     +// { dg-require-effective-target cxx11_abi }
     +// { dg-xfail-run-if "no weak override on AIX" { powerpc-ibm-aix* } }
     +
    -+// Regression test: when a Zone line specifies a numeric value as its
    -+// RULES field, that value is the constant DST save value for that
zone
    -+// line.  ZoneInfo::to() previously set sys_info::offset to the zone
    -+// line's STDOFF only, ignoring the parsed save.  Per
[time.zone.info.sys]
    -+// sys_info::offset is the *total* UTC offset (stdoff + save), so any
    -+// zone line with a non-zero numeric save reported the wrong offset.
    -+//
    -+// Mirrors Africa/Gaborone's tzdata, which uses
    -+//   2 - CAT 1943 S 19 2
    -+//   2 1 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2     <-- numeric "1" RULES, save = +1h
    -+//   2 - CAT
    -+// The middle line is what triggers the bug.
    ++// When a Zone line specifies a numeric value as its RULES field, that
    ++// value is the constant DST save value for that zone line.  Per
    ++// [time.zone.info.sys] sys_info::offset is the total UTC offset
    ++// (stdoff + save).
     +
     +#include <chrono>
     +#include <fstream>
2:  57b11cf6e ! 2:  60c6f5eef libstdc++: Support ON-format DAY in Zone
UNTIL field [PR 124852]
    @@
      ## Metadata ##
    -Author: Alvaro Begue <alvaro.begue@gmail.com>
    +Author: Álvaro Begué <alvaro.begue@gmail.com>

      ## Commit message ##
    -    libstdc++: Support ON-format DAY in Zone UNTIL field [PR 124852]
    +    libstdc++: Support ON-format DAY in Zone UNTIL field [PR124852]

         The Zone-line UNTIL parser only accepted a plain day-of-month
integer
         for the DAY field, while the tzdata.zi grammar accepts the same
ON-style
    @@ Commit message
         left d == 1 when the day token wasn't a digit, then went on to
parse the
         remainder as the TIME field.

    -    Fix by reusing the existing parse_on_day_body() helper that already
    +    Factor out the day-component parser from operator>>(istream&,
on_day&)
    +    as parse_day_spec(), and reuse it for the UNTIL DAY field.
 parse_day_spec
         handles all three on_day forms (DayOfMonth, LastWeekday, LessEq /
    -    GreaterEq) for Rule lines. The MONTH-only and YEAR-only short
forms are
    -    still accepted because the DAY/TIME fields are optional and
default to
    -    day 1, time 00:00. The on_day struct's pin() method handles the
    -    year/month-relative resolution.
    +    GreaterEq).  The MONTH-only and YEAR-only short forms are still
accepted
    +    because the DAY/TIME fields are optional and default to day 1,
time 00:00.
    +    The on_day struct's pin() method handles the year/month-relative
    +    resolution.

         The DAY field is unambiguously distinguishable from a TIME field
that
         could otherwise follow the MONTH directly: per zic's grammar, MONTH
    -    must be followed by DAY before any TIME is allowed. So we always
    +    must be followed by DAY before any TIME is allowed.  So we always
         attempt to parse a DAY if any non-whitespace remains after the
MONTH.

         libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

                 PR libstdc++/124852
    -            * src/c++20/tzdb.cc (parse_on_day_body): Factor out the
day-
    -            component parser from operator>>(istream&, on_day&) so it
can
    -            be reused.
    -            (operator>>(istream&, on_day&)): Use the new helper.
    +            * src/c++20/tzdb.cc (parse_day_spec): New function,
factored
    +            out of operator>>(istream&, on_day&).
    +            (operator>>(istream&, on_day&)): Use parse_day_spec.
                 (operator>>(istream&, ZoneInfo&)): Replace the integer DAY
    -            parser with parse_on_day_body for the UNTIL field.
    +            parser with parse_day_spec for the UNTIL field.
                 * testsuite/std/time/time_zone/until_day_on.cc: New test.

    +    Signed-off-by: Álvaro Begué <alvaro.begue@gmail.com>
    +
      ## libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc ##
     @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
            }
    @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
     +    // Read the day-component of an on_day expression (everything
after the
     +    // month).  Three forms are accepted: a plain day-of-month number,
     +    // "lastXxx" where Xxx is a weekday name (LastWeekday), or
"Xxx<=N" or
    -+    // "Xxx>=N" (LessEq / GreaterEq).  The caller is responsible for
setting
    -+    // `on.month` before calling.  On failure the function sets
failbit and
    -+    // leaves `on` unchanged.
    ++    // "Xxx>=N" (LessEq / GreaterEq).  On failure the function sets
failbit
    ++    // and leaves `on` unchanged.
     +    istream&
    -+    parse_on_day_body(istream& in, on_day& on)
    ++    parse_day_spec(istream& in, on_day& on)
          {
     -      on_day on{};
     -      abbrev_month m{};
    @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
     +      abbrev_month m{};
     +      in >> m;
     +      on.month = static_cast<unsigned>(m.m);
    -+      if (parse_on_day_body(in, on))
    ++      if (parse_day_spec(in, on))
     + to = on;
     +      return in;
     +    }
    @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
          {
            int sign = 1;
     @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
    +       in.exceptions(ios::goodbit); // Don't throw ios::failure if
YEAR absent.
            if (int y = int(year::max()); in >> y)
      {
    -  abbrev_month m{January};
    +-  abbrev_month m{January};
     -  int d = 1;
    -+  on_day on{};
    -+  on.kind = on_day::DayOfMonth;
    -+  on.month = 1;          // default January
    -+  on.day_of_month = 1;   // default day-of-month 1
    ++  on_day on{.kind = on_day::DayOfMonth, .month = 1, .day_of_month =
1};
       at_time t{};
     -  // XXX DAY should support ON format, e.g. lastSun or Sun>=8
     -  in >> m >> d >> t;
     -  inf.m_until = sys_days(year(y)/m.m/day(d)) + seconds(t.time);
    -+  if (in >> m)
    ++  if (abbrev_month m{January}; in >> m)
     +    {
     +      on.month = static_cast<unsigned>(m.m);
    -+      // The DAY field is optional.  Per the tzdata.zi grammar,
    -+      // a MONTH followed by anything more is always followed by
    -+      // a DAY (possibly followed by a TIME); MONTH directly
    -+      // followed by TIME is not a valid form.  So if there's
    -+      // any non-whitespace before end of line, parse a DAY.
     +      if (!ws(in).eof())
    -+ parse_on_day_body(in, on);
    ++ if (parse_day_spec(in, on))
    ++  in >> t;
     +    }
    -+  in >> t;
     +  year_month_day ymd = on.pin(year(y));
     +  inf.m_until = sys_days(ymd) + seconds(t.time);
       if (t.indicator != at_time::Universal)
    @@ libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/until_day_on.cc (new)
     +// { dg-require-effective-target cxx11_abi }
     +// { dg-xfail-run-if "no weak override on AIX" { powerpc-ibm-aix* } }
     +
    -+// Regression test: the DAY portion of a Zone line's UNTIL field
accepts
    -+// not only a numeric day-of-month but also "lastXxx" (last weekday in
    -+// the month) and "Xxx<=N" / "Xxx>=N" forms, just like the ON field of
    -+// a Rule line.  Previously the UNTIL parser used `int d; in >> d;`
which
    -+// silently failed on the non-numeric forms and defaulted d to 1,
placing
    -+// any zone-line transition with such an UNTIL on the wrong calendar
day.
    ++// The DAY portion of a Zone line's UNTIL field accepts not only a
    ++// numeric day-of-month but also "lastXxx" (last weekday in the month)
    ++// and "Xxx<=N" / "Xxx>=N" forms, just like the ON field of a Rule
line.
     +//
     +// Real-world example: Europe/Simferopol has
     +//   3 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSu 1u
    -+// which must place the boundary on 1997-03-30 (the last Sunday of
March),
    -+// not on 1997-03-01.
    ++// which places the boundary on 1997-03-30 (the last Sunday of March).
     +
     +#include <chrono>
     +#include <fstream>
    @@ libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/until_day_on.cc (new)
     +  auto at = tz->get_info(boundary);
     +  VERIFY( at.abbrev == "X" );
     +
    -+  // Critical regression check: a sample 15 days BEFORE the boundary
must
    -+  // still be in the MSK line.  The unfixed parser placed the
boundary on
    -+  // March 1 because "lastSu" defaulted to day 1, and a March-15 query
    -+  // landed in the X line instead.
    ++  // Check that the lastSu day is parsed correctly, and not defaulted
    ++  // to the 1st: a March 15 query must still be in the MSK line.
     +  auto mid_march = tz->get_info(sys_days{1997y/March/15});
     +  VERIFY( mid_march.abbrev == "MSK" );
     +  VERIFY( mid_march.offset == 3h );
    @@ libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/until_day_on.cc (new)
     +  auto at = tz->get_info(boundary);
     +  VERIFY( at.abbrev == "B" );
     +
    -+  // A June-1 query must still be in the A line (the unfixed parser
    -+  // placed the boundary on June 1).
    ++  // Check that Sun>=8 is parsed correctly, and not defaulted to the
1st.
     +  auto early = tz->get_info(sys_days{1990y/June/1});
     +  VERIFY( early.abbrev == "A" );
     +}
    @@ libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/until_day_on.cc (new)
     +{
     +  using namespace std::chrono;
     +
    -+  // Sanity check: a UNTIL with only a year (no MONTH, no DAY, no
TIME)
    -+  // must continue to default to January 1 00:00.
    ++  // MONTH, DAY and TIME default to January 1st 00:00 if not
specified.
     +  std::ofstream("tzdata.zi") << R"(# version test_year_only
     +Z Test/YearOnly 0 - A 1990
     +                0 - B
    @@ libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/until_day_on.cc (new)
     +{
     +  using namespace std::chrono;
     +
    -+  // Sanity check: UNTIL with only YEAR and MONTH (no DAY, no TIME)
    -+  // must default DAY to 1 and TIME to 00:00.
    ++  // DAY and TIME default to the 1st 00:00 if not specified.
     +  std::ofstream("tzdata.zi") << R"(# version test_year_month_only
     +Z Test/YearMonth 0 - A 1990 Jul
     +                 0 - B
3:  38e5ea518 ! 3:  5b20eac08 libstdc++: Resolve named-rule UNTIL save
adjustment [PR116110]
    @@
      ## Metadata ##
    -Author: Alvaro Begue <alvaro.begue@gmail.com>
    +Author: Álvaro Begué <alvaro.begue@gmail.com>

      ## Commit message ##
         libstdc++: Resolve named-rule UNTIL save adjustment [PR116110]
    @@ Commit message
                 (operator>>(istream&, ZoneInfo&)): Set m_until_save_pending
                 when the wall UNTIL on a named-rule line cannot have its
save
                 subtracted at parse time.  Replaces the FIXME.
    -            (time_zone::_Impl::_M_get_sys_info): Change the seeding
active-
    +            (time_zone::_M_get_sys_info): Change the seeding active-
                 rule lookup to use t = info.begin + 1s, so a rule firing at
                 exactly info.begin is included.
                 (reload_tzdb): After sorting node->rules, run a fixup pass
over
    @@ Commit message
                 canonical +10h boundary is now produced.
                 * testsuite/std/time/time_zone/pr116110_named.cc: New test.

    +    Signed-off-by: Álvaro Begué <alvaro.begue@gmail.com>
    +
      ## libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc ##
     @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
            sys_seconds
            until() const noexcept { return m_until; }

    -+      // PR 116110: When the parser sees a wall-time UNTIL on a
named-Rule
    -+      // line, the SAVE component of the conversion can't be applied
yet
    -+      // because the active Rule depends on the cumulative state of
the
    -+      // (not-yet-loaded) rule set.  The parser leaves m_until in the
    -+      // "STDOFF subtracted but SAVE not yet subtracted" intermediate
    -+      // state and sets this bit; reload_tzdb runs a fixup pass after
all
    -+      // Rule records are loaded to subtract the SAVE.
    ++      // True if this is a named-rule zone line whose wall-time UNTIL
still
    ++      // needs its SAVE adjustment applied.  See reload_tzdb for the
fixup.
     +      bool
     +      until_save_pending() const noexcept { return
m_until_save_pending; }
     +
    @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
     +      void
     +      clear_until_save_pending() noexcept { m_until_save_pending = 0;
}
     +
    -+      // Subtract `s` from m_until.  Used by the PR 116110 fixup pass.
     +      void
     +      adjust_until(seconds s) noexcept { m_until -= s; }
     +
    @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
     -      uint_least16_t m_pos : 15 = 0; // offset of format() in m_buf
     +      uint_least16_t m_pos : 14 = 0; // offset of format() in m_buf
            uint_least16_t m_expanded : 1 = 0;
    -+      uint_least16_t m_until_save_pending : 1 = 0; // PR 116110, see
above
    ++      uint_least16_t m_until_save_pending : 1 = 0;
            duration<int_least16_t, ratio<60>> m_save{};
            sec32_t m_offset{};
            sys_seconds m_until{};
    @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
     +
     +    // Find the Rule whose save value is in force at the wall-time
UNTIL
     +    // of a Zone line, given that `wall_minus_stdoff` is the line's
UNTIL
    -+    // expressed in the "save=0" frame (i.e. the parsed wall UNTIL
with
    -+    // the line's STDOFF subtracted) and `stdoff` is the line's
standard
    -+    // offset.
    -+    //
    -+    // The function walks all (rule, year) pairs in chronological
order,
    -+    // maintaining a running save value.  Wall-time rules have their
TIME
    -+    // field interpreted relative to the running save (since "wall"
means
    -+    // local civil time = stdoff + save), so a rule's effective UT
firing
    -+    // time depends on which prior rule was last in force.  This
matches
    -+    // zic.c's outzone() logic and is required for zone lines whose
    -+    // rule set has rules whose at_time depends on cascading saves.
    ++    // with STDOFF subtracted and `stdoff` is the line's standard
offset.
     +    //
    -+    // The comparison `fire < boundary` shrinks `boundary` as the
running
    -+    // save cascades up: a rule that fires AT the boundary (with the
    -+    // cascaded save applied) is treated as belonging to the next zone
    -+    // line, and its save is excluded from the running total.
    ++    // Walks (rule, year) pairs chronologically, maintaining a running
    ++    // save value used to interpret subsequent Wall-indicator rules.
    ++    // The boundary `wall_minus_stdoff - running_save` shrinks as save
    ++    // accumulates, so a rule firing AT the boundary is treated as
    ++    // belonging to the next zone line.
     +    //
    -+    // Canonical case: Africa/Algiers 1977-10-21.  The "Algeria 1977
    -+    // Oct 21" rule (save=0) fires at the same instant as the wall
UNTIL
    -+    // of line 6 ("0 d WE%sT 1977 O 21").  The pre-rule save (1h, from
    -+    // the May 6 rule) is what determines the boundary's UT placement,
    -+    // not the Oct 21 rule's save=0.
    -+    //
    -+    // The calendar window is extended by one year on each side, to
    -+    // catch rules whose wall-time at_time falls in early January or
    -+    // late December but whose UT firing crosses a year boundary due
    -+    // to a large stdoff or save.
    ++    // The calendar window extends by one year on each side to catch
    ++    // rules whose wall at_time crosses a year boundary in UT due to a
    ++    // large stdoff or save.
     +    template<typename _RuleRange>
     +      const Rule*
     +      find_pre_until_rule(const _RuleRange& rules,
    @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
          if (letters.empty())
            {
     - sys_seconds t = info.begin - seconds(1);
    -+ // We want the rule whose effect is in force at info.begin --
    -+ // including a rule that fires at exactly info.begin (its effect
    -+ // has just begun and is active for the first sys_info we are
    -+ // about to generate).  The search below uses a strict
    -+ // `rule_start < t` comparison, so pass info.begin + 1s to make
    -+ // the half-open lookup (..., info.begin] inclusive of the
    -+ // boundary instant.  This is what makes named-rule zone lines
    -+ // like Africa/Algiers (PR 116110) seed with the correct save:
    -+ // the Oct-21 rule fires at Oct 20 23:00 UTC in the new line's
    -+ // frame, which is exactly the new line's begin.
    ++ // info.begin + 1s makes the strict `rule_start < t` search
    ++ // inclusive of a rule that fires at exactly info.begin.
     + sys_seconds t = info.begin + seconds(1);
      const year_month_day date(chrono::floor<days>(t));

    @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
          ranges::sort(node->db.links, {}, &time_zone_link::name);
          ranges::stable_sort(node->rules, {}, &Rule::name);

    -+    // PR 116110 fixup pass.  For every Zone line whose UNTIL was a
wall-
    -+    // time expression on a named-rule line, the parser deferred the
SAVE
    -+    // adjustment because the active rule wasn't yet identifiable.
Now
    -+    // that all Rule records are loaded and indexed, walk every
pending
    -+    // ZoneInfo, find the rule whose effect was in force just before
the
    -+    // wall UNTIL, and subtract that rule's save from m_until.
    -+    //
    -+    // "Just before the wall UNTIL" matches zic.c's interpretation:
the
    -+    // wall time of UNTIL is read in the frame in effect immediately
    -+    // prior to the boundary, so the SAVE used is the value that the
    -+    // most recent rule strictly before the UNTIL set.  A rule firing
at
    -+    // exactly the UNTIL is not yet in force at the moment the wall
    -+    // time is being interpreted -- its effect belongs to the next
zone
    -+    // line, not this one.  find_pre_until_rule's iterative-boundary
    -+    // walker implements this semantics.
    ++    // For every Zone line whose UNTIL was a wall-time expression on a
    ++    // named-rule line, the parser deferred the SAVE adjustment
because
    ++    // the active rule was not yet identifiable.  Now that all Rule
    ++    // records are loaded and indexed, find the rule active just
before
    ++    // the wall UNTIL and subtract its save from m_until.
     +    for (const auto& tz : node->db.zones)
     +      {
     + auto& infos = tz._M_impl->infos;
    @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
         inf.m_until -= inf.m_save;
     -  // else Named Rule, SAVE is unknown. FIXME: PR 116110
     +  else
    -+    // Named Rule: SAVE depends on which rule of the set
    -+    // was active at this instant, which can only be
    -+    // determined once all Rule records are loaded.  Mark
    -+    // the ZoneInfo so that the fixup pass in reload_tzdb
    -+    // applies the deferred adjustment.  PR 116110.
    ++    // Named Rule: defer SAVE adjustment until reload_tzdb
    ++    // has loaded all Rule records.
     +    inf.set_until_save_pending();
      }
         }
    @@ libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/116110.cc: test_apia()

     -  // FIXME: this should be + 10h but we do not account for DST yet,
so + 11h.
     -  sys_seconds ut(t.time_since_epoch() + 11h );
    -+  // The wall UNTIL "2011 Dec 29 24" is interpreted in the prior
offset
    -+  // (-11h + save 1h = -10h), so the boundary is at local_days +24h
+10h
    -+  // (the FIXME for the +11h compensation has been resolved by the
    -+  // fix for the named-rule UNTIL case in PR 116110).
    ++  // The wall UNTIL is interpreted in the prior offset (-11h + save 1h
    ++  // = -10h), so the boundary is at local_days + 24h + 10h.
     +  sys_seconds ut(t.time_since_epoch() + 10h );
        sys_info info;
        info = tz->get_info(ut - 1s);
    @@ libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/pr116110_named.cc (new)
     +// { dg-require-effective-target cxx11_abi }
     +// { dg-xfail-run-if "no weak override on AIX" { powerpc-ibm-aix* } }
     +
    -+// Regression test for PR 116110, named-rule case.
    ++// Africa/Algiers 1977-10-21: a Zone line whose RULES references a
    ++// named Rule and whose UNTIL is a wall-time expression.  The wall
    ++// UNTIL is interpreted using the SAVE value in force just before the
    ++// boundary (the May-6 rule's save=1, not the Oct-21 rule's save=0
    ++// even though the Oct-21 rule fires at the same wall instant).
     +//
    -+// A Zone line whose RULES references a named Rule and whose UNTIL is
a
    -+// wall-time expression cannot have its UNTIL converted to a true UTC
    -+// instant at parse time, because the SAVE value at the UNTIL depends
on
    -+// which rule of the named set was last in force just before that wall
    -+// time -- and that's not known until all Rule records have been
loaded
    -+// and indexed.  The "Partial fix for interpretation of non-UTC UNTIL
    -+// times" commit handled the simpler cases (UNTIL with `s` indicator,
    -+// `u` indicator, or wall + non-named RULES) but explicitly left a
    -+// FIXME for the named-rule case.  This test exercises that case via
    -+// the canonical Africa/Algiers boundary at 1977-10-21.
    -+//
    -+// In this synthetic data:
     +//   Rule d 1977 May  6 0:00 wall  save=1
     +//   Rule d 1977 Oct 21 0:00 wall  save=0
     +//   Z A    0 d WE%sT 1977 O 21
     +//          1 d CE%sT
    -+//
    -+// The first Zone line has STDOFF=0 and uses rule set d.  The May rule
    -+// sets save=1 (WEST, total +1).  zic.c interprets the wall UNTIL
    -+// "1977 O 21" using the SAVE value in force just before the boundary
    -+// (i.e. May's save=1, since the Oct-21 rule in this line's frame
fires
    -+// at exactly the boundary, after the wall time has been read).  So:
    -+//   wall(0:00) - stdoff(0) - save_just_before(1)  =  Oct 20 23:00 UTC
    -+// is the correct UTC instant of the line's end.
    -+//
    -+// The second Zone line has STDOFF=1 and uses the same rule set d.  In
    -+// its own frame, the Oct-21 rule fires at exactly its starting
instant
    -+// (Oct 20 23:00 UTC = wall(0:00) - stdoff(1)), setting save=0.  So at
    -+// Oct 20 23:00 UTC the new line begins with stdoff=1, save=0, abbrev
    -+// "CET", total offset +1.  Both sides of the boundary have total +1;
    -+// only the (stdoff, save) split changes.  This is the merge that
    -+// zdump shows for real Africa/Algiers in October 1977.
     +
     +#include <chrono>
     +#include <fstream>
    @@ libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/pr116110_named.cc (new)
     +  VERIFY( pre.save == 1h );
     +  VERIFY( pre.abbrev == "WEST" );
     +
    -+  // The "active rule just before the wall UNTIL" is May-6 (save=1),
    -+  // so the wall UNTIL "1977 O 21" gets adjusted by stdoff(0)+save(1).
    -+  // Without the fix, master leaves the line's m_until 1 hour too late
    -+  // and the query just before Oct 21 00:00 UTC is in the wrong frame.
    -+  // With the fix, queries strictly before the boundary stay in the
    -+  // first line (WEST) and queries at/after the boundary are in the
    -+  // second line (CET).
    ++  // The boundary is Oct 20 23:00 UTC (= wall 00:00 - stdoff(0) -
save(1)).
    ++  // At and after the boundary we are in the second line (CET).
     +  auto at = tz->get_info(sys_days{1977y/October/20} + 23h);
     +  VERIFY( at.offset == 1h );    // stdoff 1 + save 0 (CET, second
line)
     +  VERIFY( at.save == 0min );
    @@ libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/pr116110_named.cc (new)
     +  VERIFY( after.save == 0min );
     +  VERIFY( after.abbrev == "CET" );
     +
    -+  // And a regression check that the boundary really moved: a query at
    -+  // 1977-10-20 23:30 UTC must be in the SECOND line.  Without the
    -+  // fix, master's m_until for the first line is 1977-10-21 00:00 UTC,
    -+  // and this query lands in the WET stretch produced by the first
    -+  // line's expansion of the Oct-21 rule.
    ++  // A query inside the [Oct 20 23:00, Oct 21 00:00] UTC window must
be
    ++  // in the second line, not in a leftover stretch from the first
line.
     +  auto window = tz->get_info(sys_days{1977y/October/20} + 23h +
30min);
     +  VERIFY( window.offset == 1h );
     +  VERIFY( window.abbrev == "CET" );
4:  d94019806 ! 4:  9a01b2555 libstdc++: Cascade wall-time saves in lazy
expansion seeding [PR 124853]
    @@
      ## Metadata ##
    -Author: Alvaro Begue <alvaro.begue@gmail.com>
    +Author: Álvaro Begué <alvaro.begue@gmail.com>

      ## Commit message ##
    -    libstdc++: Cascade wall-time saves in lazy expansion seeding [PR
124853]
    +    libstdc++: Cascade wall-time saves in lazy expansion seeding
[PR124853]

         When _M_get_sys_info seeds a Zone line by looking up the active
rule
         just before info.begin, the previous code interpreted each rule in
    @@ Commit message
         libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

                 PR libstdc++/124853
    -            * src/c++20/tzdb.cc (time_zone::_Impl::_M_get_sys_info):
    +            * src/c++20/tzdb.cc (time_zone::_M_get_sys_info):
                 Replace the per-rule isolated active-rule search with a
                 chronological cascade walker that maintains a running save
                 and interprets Wall-time rules' at_time relative to it.
    @@ Commit message
                 "earliest STD rule" fallback to its own branch.
                 * testsuite/std/time/time_zone/wall_cascade.cc: New test.

    +    Signed-off-by: Álvaro Begué <alvaro.begue@gmail.com>
    +
      ## libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc ##
     @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
      #endif
    @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono

     -    // Find the Rule whose save value is in force at the wall-time
UNTIL
     -    // of a Zone line, given that `wall_minus_stdoff` is the line's
UNTIL
    --    // expressed in the "save=0" frame (i.e. the parsed wall UNTIL
with
    --    // the line's STDOFF subtracted) and `stdoff` is the line's
standard
    --    // offset.
    -+    // Find the Rule in `rules` whose effect was last in force at time
    -+    // `t`, given that `stdoff` is the standard offset of the
enclosing
    -+    // zone line.  Returns nullptr if no rule fired strictly before t.
    +-    // with STDOFF subtracted and `stdoff` is the line's standard
offset.
    ++    // Find the Rule whose effect was last in force at time `t`, given
    ++    // that `stdoff` is the standard offset of the enclosing zone
line.
    ++    // Returns nullptr if no rule fired strictly before t.
          //
    -     // The function walks all (rule, year) pairs in chronological
order,
    -     // maintaining a running save value.  Wall-time rules have their
TIME
    -@@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
    -     // zic.c's outzone() logic and is required for zone lines whose
    -     // rule set has rules whose at_time depends on cascading saves.
    +     // Walks (rule, year) pairs chronologically, maintaining a running
    +     // save value used to interpret subsequent Wall-indicator rules.
    +-    // The boundary `wall_minus_stdoff - running_save` shrinks as save
    +-    // accumulates, so a rule firing AT the boundary is treated as
    +-    // belonging to the next zone line.
          //
    -+    // Canonical case: Europe/Paris around 1945, where the France
rules
    -+    //   1945 Apr 2  02:00 wall  save=2  M
    -+    //   1945 Sep 16 03:00 wall  save=0  -
    -+    // chain together: in the (stdoff=1, save=2) frame the September
    -+    // rule fires at Sep 16 00:00 UT, not Sep 16 02:00 UT.
    -+    //
    -+    // The calendar window is extended by one year on each side, to
    -+    // catch rules whose wall-time at_time falls in early January or
    -+    // late December but whose UT firing crosses a year boundary due
    -+    // to a large stdoff or save (Pacific/Auckland's "1946 Ja 1" rule
    -+    // in stdoff=12h fires at 1945-12-31 11:30 UT).
    +     // The calendar window extends by one year on each side to catch
    +     // rules whose wall at_time crosses a year boundary in UT due to a
    +     // large stdoff or save.
     +    template<typename _RuleRange>
     +      const Rule*
     +      find_active_rule(const _RuleRange& rules, sys_seconds t,
seconds stdoff)
    @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
     +
     +    // Find the Rule whose save value is in force at the wall-time
UNTIL
     +    // of a Zone line, given that `wall_minus_stdoff` is the line's
UNTIL
    -+    // expressed in the "save=0" frame (i.e. the parsed wall UNTIL
with
    -+    // the line's STDOFF subtracted) and `stdoff` is the line's
standard
    -+    // offset.
    ++    // with STDOFF subtracted and `stdoff` is the line's standard
offset.
     +    //
    -+    // Like find_active_rule, walks (rule, year) pairs chronologically
    -+    // with a running save value, but interprets `t` differently.
    -+    //
    -     // The comparison `fire < boundary` shrinks `boundary` as the
running
    -     // save cascades up: a rule that fires AT the boundary (with the
    -     // cascaded save applied) is treated as belonging to the next zone
    -@@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
    -     // of line 6 ("0 d WE%sT 1977 O 21").  The pre-rule save (1h, from
    -     // the May 6 rule) is what determines the boundary's UT placement,
    -     // not the Oct 21 rule's save=0.
    --    //
    --    // The calendar window is extended by one year on each side, to
    --    // catch rules whose wall-time at_time falls in early January or
    --    // late December but whose UT firing crosses a year boundary due
    --    // to a large stdoff or save.
    ++    // Like find_active_rule but `wall_minus_stdoff - running_save`
    ++    // shrinks as save accumulates, so a rule firing AT the boundary
is
    ++    // treated as belonging to the next zone line.
          template<typename _RuleRange>
            const Rule*
            find_pre_until_rule(const _RuleRange& rules,
     @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
    - // the Oct-21 rule fires at Oct 20 23:00 UTC in the new line's
    - // frame, which is exactly the new line's begin.
    + // info.begin + 1s makes the strict `rule_start < t` search
    + // inclusive of a rule that fires at exactly info.begin.
      sys_seconds t = info.begin + seconds(1);
     - const year_month_day date(chrono::floor<days>(t));

    @@ libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/wall_cascade.cc (new)
     +// { dg-require-effective-target cxx11_abi }
     +// { dg-xfail-run-if "no weak override on AIX" { powerpc-ibm-aix* } }
     +
    -+// Regression test: when lazy expansion seeds a Zone line whose rule
set
    -+// has wall-time rules whose effective firing time depends on a prior
    -+// rule's save (cascading wall-time interpretation), the seeding code
    -+// must walk the rules chronologically with a running save value, not
    -+// look at each rule in isolation against a fixed `save=0` frame.
    -+//
    -+// Mirrors the Europe/Paris 1945 case.  France's rules
    ++// Wall-time rules in the same rule set whose effective firing time
    ++// depends on a prior rule's save (Europe/Paris 1945):
     +//   1945 Apr 2  02:00 wall  save=2  M
     +//   1945 Sep 16 03:00 wall  save=0  -
    -+// chain together: in the (stdoff=1, save=2) frame the September rule
    -+// fires at Sep 16 00:00 UT, not Sep 16 02:00 UT.
    -+//
    -+// Construct a synthetic two-line zone whose second line begins
between
    -+// those two interpretations of the September rule, so the seeding has
    -+// to choose: with the cascade, the September rule has already fired
at
    -+// info.begin and the new line seeds with save=0; without the cascade,
    -+// the September rule appears not to have fired yet and the new line
    -+// would (incorrectly) seed with save=2 from the April rule.
    ++// In the (stdoff=1, save=2) frame the September rule fires at
    ++// Sep 16 00:00 UT, not Sep 16 02:00 UT.
     +
     +#include <chrono>
     +#include <fstream>
    @@ libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/wall_cascade.cc (new)
     +  // Line 1 ends at "1945 Sep 16 1u" (Universal time, no save
shenanigans),
     +  // so info.begin for line 2 is exactly 1945-09-16 01:00 UT.
     +  //
    -+  // Cascade seeding: in line 2's frame (stdoff=1):
    -+  //   * Apr 2 fires at Apr 2 01:00 UT (running save 0 → 2)
    -+  //   * Sep 16 fires at Sep 16 00:00 UT (running save 2 → 0)
    -+  // Both fire before info.begin (Sep 16 01:00 UT), so the active rule
    -+  // at info.begin is the Sep 16 one, save=0 → CET, total offset 1h.
    -+  //
    -+  // Without cascade: Sep 16 is computed as 03:00 - stdoff(1) = 02:00
UT,
    -+  // which is *after* info.begin, so the seeding falls back to the
April
    -+  // rule's save=2 → CEMT, total offset 3h.  That is the bug.
    ++  // Two-line zone whose second line begins at 1945 Sep 16 01:00 UT,
    ++  // between the cascaded firing time (Sep 16 00:00 UT) and the
    ++  // non-cascaded firing time (Sep 16 02:00 UT) of the September rule.
    ++  // The seeding must pick the September rule (save=0, CET) at
info.begin.
     +  std::ofstream("tzdata.zi") << R"(# version test_wall_cascade
     +R Fr 1945 o - Apr 2  2 2 M
     +R Fr 1945 o - Sep 16 3 0 -
5:  ab7938201 ! 5:  1c717d45a libstdc++: Implement zic writezone merge
optimization [PR 124854]
    @@
      ## Metadata ##
    -Author: Alvaro Begue <alvaro.begue@gmail.com>
    +Author: Álvaro Begué <alvaro.begue@gmail.com>

      ## Commit message ##
    -    libstdc++: Implement zic writezone merge optimization [PR 124854]
    +    libstdc++: Implement zic writezone merge optimization [PR124854]

         Two distinct correctness fixes that together let lazy expansion
match
         zic.c's writezone output for zones with rule firings near zone-line
    @@ Commit message
         libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

                 PR libstdc++/124854
    -            * src/c++20/tzdb.cc (time_zone::_Impl::_M_get_sys_info):
    +            * src/c++20/tzdb.cc (time_zone::_M_get_sys_info):
                 Always run find_active_rule to seed info.offset and
info.save,
                 regardless of whether letters was already populated from
                 i[-1].next_letters().  Add a writezone merge optimization
    @@ Commit message
                 re-entry.
                 * testsuite/std/time/time_zone/zone_merge.cc: New test.

    +    Signed-off-by: Álvaro Begué <alvaro.begue@gmail.com>
    +
      ## libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc ##
     @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
          if (i != infos.begin() && i[-1].expanded())
    @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono

     -    if (letters.empty())
     -      {
    -- // We want the rule whose effect is in force at info.begin --
    -- // including a rule that fires at exactly info.begin (its effect
    -- // has just begun and is active for the first sys_info we are
    -- // about to generate).  The search below uses a strict
    -- // `rule_start < t` comparison, so pass info.begin + 1s to make
    -- // the half-open lookup (..., info.begin] inclusive of the
    -- // boundary instant.  This is what makes named-rule zone lines
    -- // like Africa/Algiers (PR 116110) seed with the correct save:
    -- // the Oct-21 rule fires at Oct 20 23:00 UTC in the new line's
    -- // frame, which is exactly the new line's begin.
    +- // info.begin + 1s makes the strict `rule_start < t` search
    +- // inclusive of a rule that fires at exactly info.begin.
     - sys_seconds t = info.begin + seconds(1);
     -
     - // Try to find a Rule active before this time, to get initial
    @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
     -  {
     -    info.offset = ri.offset() + active_rule->save;
     -    info.save = chrono::duration_cast<minutes>(active_rule->save);
    -+    // Seed info.offset and info.save from the rule whose effect is in
    -+    // force at info.begin.  This must run even when `letters` was
    -+    // already populated from i[-1].next_letters() (which happens
    -+    // during a re-entry of partial lazy expansion: the previous batch
    -+    // left an expanded ZoneInfo whose next_letters() field is the
    -+    // letters for the first sys_info of this batch), because
    -+    // info.offset/save are still at their stdoff/0 init values and
    -+    // would otherwise carry through into the first emitted sys_info
    -+    // with the wrong total offset.
    ++    // Seed info.offset and info.save from the rule active at
    ++    // info.begin.  Always run this (even when `letters` was populated
    ++    // from i[-1].next_letters() during partial-expansion re-entry),
    ++    // because info.offset/save are still at their stdoff/0 init
values
    ++    // and would otherwise produce the wrong total offset.
     +    //
    -+    // The search uses a strict `rule_start < t` comparison, so pass
    -+    // info.begin + 1s to make the half-open lookup (..., info.begin]
    -+    // inclusive of the boundary instant.  This is what makes named-
    -+    // rule zone lines like Africa/Algiers (PR 116110) seed with the
    -+    // correct save: the Oct-21 rule fires at Oct 20 23:00 UTC in the
    -+    // new line's frame, which is exactly the new line's begin.
    ++    // info.begin + 1s makes the strict `rule_start < t` search
    ++    // inclusive of a rule that fires at exactly info.begin.
     +    {
     +      sys_seconds t = info.begin + seconds(1);
     +      const Rule* active_rule = find_active_rule(rules, t,
ri.offset());
    @@ libstdc++-v3/src/c++20/tzdb.cc: namespace std::chrono
     + }
     +    }
     +
    -+    // zic.c writezone merge optimization.  When the previous zone
    -+    // line's end total offset differs from this line's seeded total
    -+    // and the local time would jump backward at the boundary, look
    -+    // for a rule in this line's set that fires within the resulting
    -+    // gap window and would compensate the jump.  zic folds such a
    -+    // rule into the boundary transition; we mirror that here by
    -+    // pulling the rule's save back to info.begin.
    -+    //
    -+    // Only runs at the first sys_info of a zone line (not on re-entry
    -+    // mid-line during partial lazy expansion), which is detected by
    -+    // an empty next_letters() on the prior expanded ZoneInfo: a mid-
    -+    // line re-entry's prior ZoneInfo always has a non-empty
    -+    // next_letters() (the letters of the rule that fires at the new
    -+    // batch's start), whereas a zone-line transition's prior ZoneInfo
    -+    // ends with empty next_letters() because the line's last
    -+    // iteration emits with letters cleared.
    ++    // zic.c writezone merge optimization.  When the local time jumps
    ++    // backward at a zone-line boundary and a rule in the new line's
set
    ++    // fires within that gap window, fold the rule's save into the
    ++    // boundary so the new line begins with the post-rule save.
     +    //
    -+    // Canonical examples:
    -+    //   * America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires 1999-10-03: lines
    -+    //       -3 A -03/-02 1999 O 3
    -+    //       -4 A -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
    -+    //     have new_total = -4, prev_total = -3 (jump = -1h).  The
    -+    //     1999 Oct Argentina rule fires at Oct 3 04:00 UTC in the
    -+    //     new -4 frame, which is exactly info.begin + 1h, inside
    -+    //     the 1h window.
    -+    //   * Europe/Berlin 1945-05-24: lines
    -+    //       1 c CE%sT 1945 May 24 2
    -+    //       1 So CE%sT 1946
    -+    //     have new_total = 1, prev_total = 2 (jump = -1h).  The So
    -+    //     1945-May-24 rule (save = 2h, "CEMT") fires at 01:00 UTC
    -+    //     in the new frame, inside the 1h window.
    ++    // Only runs at the first sys_info of a zone line (not on partial-
    ++    // expansion re-entry mid-line): a mid-line re-entry's prior
    ++    // ZoneInfo has a non-empty next_letters(), while a zone-line
    ++    // transition's prior ZoneInfo ends with empty next_letters().
     +    if (i != infos.begin() && i[-1].expanded()
     +  && i[-1].next_letters().empty())
     +      {
    @@ libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/zone_merge.cc (new)
     +// { dg-require-effective-target cxx11_abi }
     +// { dg-xfail-run-if "no weak override on AIX" { powerpc-ibm-aix* } }
     +
    -+// Regression test: zic.c's writezone merges a zone-line transition
with
    -+// a rule firing that would otherwise create a brief observably-wrong
    -+// stretch of local time.  When two adjacent Zone lines have different
    -+// total offsets and the new line's rule set has a rule firing within
    -+// |jump| of the boundary (where jump = new_total - old_total < 0,
i.e.
    -+// local time goes backward at the boundary), zic folds that rule into
    -+// the boundary itself: the single transition emitted has the rule's
    -+// save value already applied, so the new line begins with the
post-rule
    -+// save rather than briefly using the pre-rule save and then
transitioning
    -+// again moments later.
    -+//
    -+// Two canonical real-world cases:
    -+//   * America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires 1999-10-03 (lines change stdoff
    -+//     -3 → -4 with an Argentina DST rule firing on the same day).
    -+//   * Europe/Berlin 1945-05-24 (lines split a rule set, with the So
    -+//     1945-May-24 rule firing inside the boundary's window).
    ++// When two adjacent Zone lines differ in total offset and the new
line's
    ++// rule set has a rule firing within |jump| of the boundary (where
jump
    ++// is a backward local-time jump), zic.c's writezone folds that rule
    ++// into the boundary, so the new line begins with the post-rule save.
     +//
    -+// Mirror the Buenos Aires shape with a synthetic zone.
    ++// Mirrors America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires around 1999-10-03.
     +
     +#include <chrono>
     +#include <fstream>
    @@ libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/zone_merge.cc (new)
     +{
     +  using namespace std::chrono;
     +
    -+  // Argentina-style: stdoff jumps from -3 to -4 at the same instant
    -+  // a save=1 ("S") rule fires.  In the new (-4) frame, the rule's
    -+  // wall at_time of 00:00 is at UT 04:00, which is 1 hour after the
    -+  // boundary at UT 03:00.  Without the merge optimization the new
    -+  // line would seed with save=0 (offset -4, abbrev -04) for that 1
    -+  // hour and then transition to save=1 (offset -3, abbrev -03);
    -+  // with the merge, the boundary itself is at offset=-3, save=1.
    ++  // stdoff jumps from -3 to -4 at the same instant a save=1 rule
fires.
    ++  // In the new (-4) frame the rule fires 1 hour after the boundary at
    ++  // UT 03:00, so the merge folds the rule into the boundary and the
    ++  // new line begins at offset=-3, save=1 (abbrev "-03").
     +  std::ofstream("tzdata.zi") << R"(# version test_zone_merge
     +R T 1999 o - O 3 0 1 -
     +R T 2000 o - Mar 3 0 0 -
    @@ libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/time/time_zone/zone_merge.cc (new)
     +  VERIFY( before.save == 0min );
     +  VERIFY( before.abbrev == "-03" );
     +
    -+  // At the boundary the merge optimization kicks in: the second zone
    -+  // line's first sys_info should already have save=1 from the Oct 3
    -+  // rule, total offset -3h, abbrev "-03".  Without the fix, chrono
    -+  // would emit a 1-hour stretch of save=0 ("-04") here.
    ++  // The new line's first sys_info already has save=1 from the merge,
    ++  // total offset -3h, abbrev "-03".
     +  auto at_boundary = tz->get_info(boundary);
     +  VERIFY( at_boundary.offset == -3h );
     +  VERIFY( at_boundary.save == 60min );

-- 
2.34.1
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: <https://gcc.gnu.org/pipermail/libstdc++/attachments/20260426/14226491/attachment-0001.htm>


More information about the Libstdc++ mailing list