[PATCHv3] libstdc++: Use allocate_at_least in vector, string (P0401) [PR118030]

Nathan Myers ncm@cantrip.org
Wed Apr 22 04:16:50 GMT 2026


[This patch retains the added config/abi/pre/gnu.ver string
symbol exports as if for gcc-16, although the planned ship
vehicle is gcc-17.]

Changes in v3:
 - Make allocator_traits<allocator<T>>::allocate_at_least
  call allocator<T>::allocate_at_least directly, no checking
  needed.
 - Remove __allocate_to_alignment helper from alloc_traits.h,
  folding it back into __new_allocator::allocate_at_least.
  Replace use of std::rotl with op>>, saving one instruction
  on x86.
 - Change "if (is_constant_evaluated())" to "if consteval {"
  where allowed. This required infelicitous changes to
  indentation because, in "if consteval ... else {", the
  bracket is (needlessly) required.
 - Remove second, "hint" argument passed to allocate()
  in fallback from allocator_traits<>::allocate_at_least,
  as support for that has been deleted from the Standard.
 - Remove attempt at pass-through from allocator_traits<
  pmr::polymorphic_allocator>::allocate_at_least because 
  it does not provide that, and just call allocate(n).
 - Retain minimalist vector<>::_M_allocate, used mainly
  to get storage for vector<bool>.
 - Rename new vector helper members _M_displace_storage
  -> _M_replace_storage, and _M_allocate_and_migrate ->
  _M_replace_with.
 - Remove __glibcxx_want_allocate_at_least from <vector>
  and <string> headers.
 - Whitespace fixups.

Changes in v2:
 - Avoid PR108377 "exceeds maximum object size" warning
  differently, contained to __allocate_to_alignment.
 - Rename _S_allocate_to_alignment to __allocate_to_alignment
  because it is not a member. Generalize it for arbitrary pointer
  and size types.
 - Declare allocator_traits<allocator<void>>::allocate_at_least
  with " = delete;", matching others.
 - In allocator_traits<>::allocate_at_least, de-structure and
  reconstruct the allocation result to enable an implicit
  pointer type conversion on the way, as used (e.g.) for
  testsuite_allocator.h.
 - Define allocate_at_least in the polymorphic specialization
  of allocator_traits (bits/memory_resource.h), and in the
  testsuite allocator, destructuring likewise.
 - In string:
    - Make _M_create use _M_allocate_at_least. (This function
     is no longer used, but is retained for ABI stability.)
    - Define (in addition to _M_create_plus) a new allocation
     helper function _M_create_and_place to abstract common
     operations, and use it where suitable.
    - Add new member signatures to config/abi/pre/gnu.ver.
    - Relax shrink_to_fit()/reserve() to allow a little extra.
 - In vector, define (on top of _S_allocate_at_least) helper
  functions _M_allocate_and_copy, _M_displace_storage,
  and _M_allocate_and_migrate to abstract common ops, and
  use them. This incidentally corrects an omission of a
  _GLIBCXX_ASAN_ANNOTATE_REINIT.
 - Adjust tests to pass with or without allocate_at_least.
  (__STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ is not defined everywhere.)

Changes from RFC:
 - Improve doxygen for new interfaces.
 - Move code implementing alignment size-round-up logic from
  allocator.h to alloc_traits.h for other allocators' reuse.
 - Restore allocator.h definition of allocate_at_least, that
  then explicitly delegates to its base class implementation.
 - Retain existing string::_S_allocate, vector<>::_M_allocate
  interfaces for ABI stability, using new names
  _S_allocate_at_least, _M_allocate_at_least for new behavior.
 - Define string _M_create_plus using S_allocate_at_least, and
  use that throughout in place of _M_create, retaining _M_create
  for ABI stability.
 - Make memory_resource::allocate_at_least use argument
  allocator's allocate_at_least if present.
 - Fix std::allocator<>::allocate_at_least so it takes its
  allocator object by reference, not by value.
 - Per review, in constexpr context begin lifetime of all
  potential string characters upon allocation.
 - Revert "< 2011"-only vector<>::_M_initialize_dispatch changes.
 - Fix string new-capacity off-by-one errors.
 - Export new symbols _S_allocate_at_least and _M_create_plus from
  bits/basic_string.h.
 - Work around PR108377 spurious "exceeds maximum object size".
 - Test.
 - Patch too-strict capacity tests.

Implements as much of `allocator<>::allocate_at_least` as possible
relying solely on known alignment behavior of standard operator
new.

Uses `allocator_at_least` in `string` and `vector` to maximize
usage of actually allocated storage, as revealed by the
allocator in use. For user-supplied allocators this may make a
big difference.

Nothing is changed in `include/ext/malloc_allocator.h` or
others.  They can be updated piecemeal. C++23 and C++26 do not
support `allocate_at_least` in `pmr` components, so there are
only minimal changes there.

libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:
	PR libstdc++/118030
	* include/bits/alloc_traits.h:
	(__allocate_to_alignment): Define.
	(allocate_at_least): In allocator_traits template member,
	destructure and reconstruct result from allocator object's version,
	to enable pointer type conversion.
	(allocate_at_least): Delegate in allocator_traits<allocator<_Tp>>
	specialization to allocator<_Tp>::allocate_at_least, unconditionally.
	(allocate_at_least): Declare "= delete;" in allocator<void>.
	* include/bits/allocator.h (allocate_at_least): Delegate to base
	allocate_at_least where defined, calling with explicit base-class
	qualification, picking up __new_allocator member.
	* include/bits/basic_string.h:
	(_Alloc_result): Define new type.
	(_S_allocate_at_least): Define.
	(_S_allocate): Delegate to _S_allocate_at_least.
	(_M_create_plus, _M_create_and_place): Declare.
	(assign): Use _S_allocate_at_least.
	* include/bits/basic_string.tcc:
	(_M_create_plus): Define.
	(_M_create_and_place): Define, abstracting common operations.
	(_M_replace, reserve): Use _S_allocate_at_least.
	(_M_construct, input iterators): Use _M_create_plus.
	(_M_construct, others (3x)): Use _M_create_and_place.
	(_M_create, _M_assign, reserve, _M_mutate): Use _M_create_plus.
	* include/bits/memory_resource.h (allocate_at_least): Define,
	document.
	* include/bits/new_allocator.h (allocate_at_least): Define, relying
	on __allocate_to_alignment from alloc_traits.h.
	(deallocate): Refine "if constexpr" logic.
	* include/bits/stl_vector.h:
	(_S_max_size): Move to _Vector_base.
	(_Alloc_result): Define type.
	(_M_allocate_at_least): Define, using allocate_at_least where supported.
	(_M_allocate): Delegate to _M_allocate_at_least.
	(max_size, _S_check_init_len): Use _S_max_size as moved.
	(_M_create_storage, append_range, _M_allocate_and_copy,
	_M_replace_storage): Define, abstracting common operations.
	(_M_replace_with): Define, likewise.
	(_M_range_initialize_n): Use _M_allocate_at_least.
	(_M_check_len): Improve logic.
	* include/bits/vector.tcc:
	(reserve, _M_fill_append, _M_range_insert): Use _M_allocate_at_least
	and _M_replace_storage.
	(operator=, _M_assign_aux): Use _M_replace_with.
	(_M_realloc_insert, _M_realloc_append, _M_default_append, insert_range):
	Use _M_allocate_at_least.
	(_M_fill_insert): Use _M_replace_storage, normalize whitespace.
	* testsuite/util/testsuite_allocator.h:
	(allocate_at_least (2x)): Define.
	(allocate): Use allocate_at_least.
	* testsuite/20_util/allocator/allocate_at_least.cc: Add tests.
	* testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/char/18654.cc:
	Loosen capacity check.
	* testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/char/shrink_to_fit.cc:
	Same.
	* testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/wchar_t/18654.cc: Same.
	* testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/wchar_t/2.cc: Same.
	* testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/wchar_t/shrink_to_fit.cc:
	Same.
	* testsuite/23_containers/vector/capacity/shrink_to_fit.cc: Same.
	* testsuite/23_containers/vector/capacity/shrink_to_fit2.cc: Same
	* testsuite/23_containers/vector/modifiers/emplace/self_emplace.cc:
	Adapt to looser reserve behavior.
	* config/abi/pre/gnu.ver: Expose string::_S_allocate_at_least,
	_M_create_plus, and _M_create_and_place symbols.
---
 libstdc++-v3/config/abi/pre/gnu.ver           |   4 +
 libstdc++-v3/include/bits/alloc_traits.h      |  24 ++-
 libstdc++-v3/include/bits/allocator.h         |  31 +++-
 libstdc++-v3/include/bits/basic_string.h      |  43 ++++-
 libstdc++-v3/include/bits/basic_string.tcc    | 105 +++++++-----
 libstdc++-v3/include/bits/memory_resource.h   |  17 ++
 libstdc++-v3/include/bits/new_allocator.h     |  60 ++++++-
 libstdc++-v3/include/bits/stl_vector.h        | 138 ++++++++++++----
 libstdc++-v3/include/bits/vector.tcc          | 155 +++++++-----------
 .../20_util/allocator/allocate_at_least.cc    | 108 +++++++++++-
 .../basic_string/capacity/char/18654.cc       |   7 +-
 .../capacity/char/shrink_to_fit.cc            |   7 +-
 .../basic_string/capacity/wchar_t/18654.cc    |   8 +-
 .../basic_string/capacity/wchar_t/2.cc        |  13 +-
 .../capacity/wchar_t/shrink_to_fit.cc         |   7 +-
 .../vector/capacity/shrink_to_fit.cc          |   7 +-
 .../vector/capacity/shrink_to_fit2.cc         |  14 +-
 .../vector/modifiers/emplace/self_emplace.cc  |  36 ++--
 .../testsuite/util/testsuite_allocator.h      |  36 ++++
 19 files changed, 594 insertions(+), 226 deletions(-)

diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/config/abi/pre/gnu.ver b/libstdc++-v3/config/abi/pre/gnu.ver
index bd4da641829..5dc9e1fdace 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/config/abi/pre/gnu.ver
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/config/abi/pre/gnu.ver
@@ -2621,6 +2621,10 @@ GLIBCXX_3.4.35 {
     _ZGIW3std;
     _ZGIW3stdW6compat;
 
+    # basic_string::allocate_at_least
+    _ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringI[cw]St11char_traitsI[cw]ESaI[cw]EE*_S_allocate_*;
+    _ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringI[cw]St11char_traitsI[cw]ESaI[cw]EE*_M_create_*;
+
 } GLIBCXX_3.4.34;
 
 # Symbols in the support library (libsupc++) have their own tag.
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/alloc_traits.h b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/alloc_traits.h
index e4e0f1608de..cdffeb1b31a 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/alloc_traits.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/alloc_traits.h
@@ -419,10 +419,14 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       */
       [[nodiscard]] static constexpr auto
       allocate_at_least(_Alloc& __a, size_type __n)
-	-> allocation_result<pointer, size_type>
+      -> allocation_result<pointer, size_type>
       {
 	if constexpr (requires { __a.allocate_at_least(__n); })
-	  return __a.allocate_at_least(__n);
+	  {
+	    // Destructure to enable implicit __p -> pointer conversion.
+	    auto [__p, __c] = __a.allocate_at_least(__n);
+	    return { __p, __c };
+	  }
 	else
 	  return { __a.allocate(__n), __n };
       }
@@ -664,14 +668,15 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        *  @brief  Allocate memory, generously.
        *  @param  __a  An allocator.
        *  @param  __n  The minimum number of objects to allocate space for.
-       *  @return Memory of suitable size and alignment for `n` or more
-       *  contiguous objects of type `value_type`.
+       *  @return Memory of suitable size and alignment for `m >= n`
+       *  contiguous objects of type `value_type`, and `m`.
        *
        *  Returns `a.allocate_at_least(n)`.
       */
-      [[nodiscard]] static constexpr auto
+      [[nodiscard,__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
+      static constexpr auto
       allocate_at_least(allocator_type& __a, size_type __n)
-	-> allocation_result<pointer, size_type>
+      -> allocation_result<pointer, size_type>
       { return __a.allocate_at_least(__n); }
 #endif
 
@@ -822,6 +827,11 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       static void*
       allocate(allocator_type&, size_type, const void* = nullptr) = delete;
 
+#ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least
+      static allocation_result<pointer, size_type>
+      allocate_at_least(allocator_type&, size_type) = delete;
+#endif
+
       /// deallocate is ill-formed for allocator<void>
       static void
       deallocate(allocator_type&, void*, size_type) = delete;
@@ -872,7 +882,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       select_on_container_copy_construction(const allocator_type& __rhs)
       { return __rhs; }
     };
-#endif
+#endif // _GLIBCXX_HOSTED
 
   /// @cond undocumented
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/allocator.h b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/allocator.h
index 9c22c805ebe..adf9f4fddbf 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/allocator.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/allocator.h
@@ -193,9 +193,9 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       constexpr _Tp*
       allocate(size_t __n)
       {
-#if __cpp_concepts
+# if __cpp_concepts
 	if constexpr (requires { sizeof(_Tp); })
-#endif
+# endif
 	if (std::__is_constant_evaluated())
 	  {
 	    if (__builtin_mul_overflow(__n, sizeof(_Tp), &__n))
@@ -205,7 +205,28 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 
 	return __allocator_base<_Tp>::allocate(__n, 0);
       }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least  // C++23
+      [[nodiscard,__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
+      constexpr auto
+      allocate_at_least(size_t __n)
+      -> allocation_result<_Tp*, size_t>
+      {
+	if consteval
+	  { return { allocate(__n), __n }; }
+	else
+	  {
+	    if constexpr (requires
+		   { __allocator_base<_Tp>::allocate_at_least(__n); })
+	      return __allocator_base<_Tp>::allocate_at_least(__n);
+	    else
+	      return { __allocator_base<_Tp>::allocate(__n), __n };
+	  }
+      }
+#endif
 
+#if __cpp_constexpr_dynamic_alloc // >= C++20
       [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
       constexpr void
       deallocate(_Tp* __p, size_t __n)
@@ -219,12 +240,6 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       }
 #endif // C++20
 
-#ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least  // C++23
-      [[nodiscard]] constexpr allocation_result<_Tp*, size_t>
-      allocate_at_least(size_t __n)
-      { return { this->allocate(__n), __n }; }
-#endif
-
       friend __attribute__((__always_inline__)) _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
       bool
       operator==(const allocator&, const allocator&) _GLIBCXX_NOTHROW
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/basic_string.h b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/basic_string.h
index af4e5d9486f..7ba2d60b644 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/basic_string.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/basic_string.h
@@ -135,20 +135,36 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CXX11
 #endif
 
     private:
+      // For ABI reasons this must remain. In current code, it
+      // is used only in constexpr context.
       static _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR pointer
       _S_allocate(_Char_alloc_type& __a, size_type __n)
+      { return _S_allocate_at_least(__a, __n).__ptr; }
+
+      struct _Alloc_result { pointer __ptr; size_type __count; };
+
+      static _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR _Alloc_result
+      _S_allocate_at_least(_Char_alloc_type& __a, size_type __n)
       {
-	pointer __p = _Alloc_traits::allocate(__a, __n);
-#if __glibcxx_constexpr_string >= 201907L
+	_Alloc_result __r;
+#ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least  // C++23
+	auto [__ptr, __count] = _Alloc_traits::allocate_at_least(__a, __n);
+	__r.__ptr = __ptr;
+	__r.__count = __count;
+#else
+	__r.__ptr = _Alloc_traits::allocate(__a, __n);
+	__r.__count = __n;
+#endif
+# if __glibcxx_constexpr_string >= 201907L
 	// std::char_traits begins the lifetime of characters,
 	// but custom traits might not, so do it here.
 	if constexpr (!is_same_v<_Traits, char_traits<_CharT>>)
 	  if (std::__is_constant_evaluated())
 	    // Begin the lifetime of characters in allocated storage.
-	    for (size_type __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
-	      std::construct_at(__builtin_addressof(__p[__i]));
-#endif
-	return __p;
+	    for (size_type __i = 0; __i < __r.__count; ++__i)
+	      std::construct_at(__builtin_addressof(__r.__ptr[__i]));
+# endif
+	return __r;
       }
 
 #ifdef __glibcxx_string_view // >= C++17
@@ -287,6 +303,15 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CXX11
 
       // Create & Destroy
       _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
+      _Alloc_result
+      _M_create_plus(size_type __new_capacity, size_type __old_capacity);
+
+      _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
+      void
+      _M_create_and_place(size_type __new_capacity, size_type __old_capacity);
+
+      // This must remain for ABI stability though unused.
+      _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
       pointer
       _M_create(size_type&, size_type);
 
@@ -1782,10 +1807,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CXX11
 		    const auto __len = __str.size();
 		    auto __alloc = __str._M_get_allocator();
 		    // If this allocation throws there are no effects:
-		    auto __ptr = _S_allocate(__alloc, __len + 1);
+		    auto __r = _S_allocate_at_least(__alloc, __len + 1);
 		    _M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
-		    _M_data(__ptr);
-		    _M_capacity(__len);
+		    _M_data(__r.__ptr);
+		    _M_capacity(__r.__count - 1);
 		    _M_set_length(__len);
 		  }
 	      }
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/basic_string.tcc b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/basic_string.tcc
index b00dd550237..1be0a1b3791 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/basic_string.tcc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/basic_string.tcc
@@ -139,14 +139,14 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 
   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
     _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
-    typename basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::pointer
+    typename basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::_Alloc_result
     basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
-    _M_create(size_type& __capacity, size_type __old_capacity)
+    _M_create_plus(size_type __capacity, size_type __old_capacity)
     {
       // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
       // 83.  String::npos vs. string::max_size()
       if (__capacity > max_size())
-	std::__throw_length_error(__N("basic_string::_M_create"));
+	std::__throw_length_error(__N("basic_string::_M_create_plus"));
 
       // The below implements an exponential growth policy, necessary to
       // meet amortized linear time requirements of the library: see
@@ -161,7 +161,31 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 
       // NB: Need an array of char_type[__capacity], plus a terminating
       // null char_type() element.
-      return _S_allocate(_M_get_allocator(), __capacity + 1);
+      return _S_allocate_at_least(_M_get_allocator(), __capacity + 1);
+    }
+
+
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
+    void
+    basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
+    _M_create_and_place(size_type __capacity, size_type __old_capacity)
+    {
+      _Alloc_result __r = _M_create_plus(__capacity, __old_capacity);
+      _M_data(__r.__ptr);
+      _M_capacity(__r.__count - 1);  // Leave room for NUL.
+    }
+
+  // This must remain for ABI stability, though unused in current code.
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
+    typename basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::pointer
+    basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
+    _M_create(size_type& __capacity, size_type __old_capacity)
+    {
+      _Alloc_result __r = _M_create_plus(__capacity, __old_capacity);
+      __capacity = __r.__count - 1;  // Leave room for NUL.
+      return __r.__ptr;
     }
 
   // NB: This is the special case for Input Iterators, used in
@@ -203,11 +227,11 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 	    if (__len == __capacity)
 	      {
 		// Allocate more space.
-		__capacity = __len + 1;
-		pointer __another = _M_create(__capacity, __len);
-		this->_S_copy(__another, _M_data(), __len);
+		_Alloc_result __another = _M_create_plus(__len + 1, __len);
+		__capacity = __another.__count - 1; // Leave room for NUL.
+		this->_S_copy(__another.__ptr, _M_data(), __len);
 		_M_dispose();
-		_M_data(__another);
+		_M_data(__another.__ptr);
 		_M_capacity(__capacity);
 	      }
 	    traits_type::assign(_M_data()[__len++],
@@ -231,10 +255,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 	size_type __dnew = static_cast<size_type>(std::distance(__beg, __end));
 
 	if (__dnew > size_type(_S_local_capacity))
-	  {
-	    _M_data(_M_create(__dnew, size_type(0)));
-	    _M_capacity(__dnew);
-	  }
+	  _M_create_and_place(__dnew, size_type(0));
 	else
 	  _M_init_local_buf();
 
@@ -264,10 +285,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _M_construct(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
     {
       if (__n > size_type(_S_local_capacity))
-	{
-	  _M_data(_M_create(__n, size_type(0)));
-	  _M_capacity(__n);
-	}
+	_M_create_and_place(__n, size_type(0));
       else
 	_M_init_local_buf();
 
@@ -281,16 +299,13 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
   // than difference between iterators.
   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
     template<bool _Terminated>
-    _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR 
+    _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
     void
     basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
     _M_construct(const _CharT* __str, size_type __n)
     {
       if (__n > size_type(_S_local_capacity))
-	{
-	  _M_data(_M_create(__n, size_type(0)));
-	  _M_capacity(__n);
-	}
+	_M_create_and_place(__n, size_type(0));
       else
 	_M_init_local_buf();
 
@@ -347,11 +362,11 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 
 	  if (__rsize > __capacity)
 	    {
-	      size_type __new_capacity = __rsize;
-	      pointer __tmp = _M_create(__new_capacity, __capacity);
+	      // if _M_create_plus throws, there is no effect.
+	      _Alloc_result __tmp = _M_create_plus(__rsize, __capacity);
 	      _M_dispose();
-	      _M_data(__tmp);
-	      _M_capacity(__new_capacity);
+	      _M_data(__tmp.__ptr);
+	      _M_capacity(__tmp.__count - 1);
 	    }
 
 	  if (__rsize)
@@ -375,11 +390,11 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       if (__res <= __capacity)
 	return;
 
-      pointer __tmp = _M_create(__res, __capacity);
-      this->_S_copy(__tmp, _M_data(), length() + 1);
+      _Alloc_result __r = _M_create_plus(__res, __capacity);
+      this->_S_copy(__r.__ptr, _M_data(), length() + 1);
       _M_dispose();
-      _M_data(__tmp);
-      _M_capacity(__res);
+      _M_data(__r.__ptr);
+      _M_capacity(__r.__count - 1);  // Leave room for NUL.
     }
 
   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
@@ -392,19 +407,19 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       const size_type __how_much = length() - __pos - __len1;
 
       size_type __new_capacity = length() + __len2 - __len1;
-      pointer __r = _M_create(__new_capacity, capacity());
+      _Alloc_result __r = _M_create_plus(__new_capacity, capacity());
 
       if (__pos)
-	this->_S_copy(__r, _M_data(), __pos);
+	this->_S_copy(__r.__ptr, _M_data(), __pos);
       if (__s && __len2)
-	this->_S_copy(__r + __pos, __s, __len2);
+	this->_S_copy(__r.__ptr + __pos, __s, __len2);
       if (__how_much)
-	this->_S_copy(__r + __pos + __len2,
+	this->_S_copy(__r.__ptr + __pos + __len2,
 		      _M_data() + __pos + __len1, __how_much);
 
       _M_dispose();
-      _M_data(__r);
-      _M_capacity(__new_capacity);
+      _M_data(__r.__ptr);
+      _M_capacity(__r.__count - 1);  // Leave room for NUL.
     }
 
   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
@@ -430,6 +445,11 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       if (_M_is_local())
 	return;
 
+# ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least  // C++23
+      const size_type __limit = (__STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ - 1) / sizeof(_CharT);
+# else
+      const size_type __limit = 0;
+# endif
       const size_type __length = length();
       const size_type __capacity = _M_allocated_capacity;
 
@@ -441,14 +461,15 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 	  _M_data(_M_local_data());
 	}
 #if __cpp_exceptions
-      else if (__length < __capacity)
+      else if (__capacity - __length > __limit )
 	try
 	  {
-	    pointer __tmp = _S_allocate(_M_get_allocator(), __length + 1);
-	    this->_S_copy(__tmp, _M_data(), __length + 1);
+	    _Alloc_result __r = _S_allocate_at_least(
+	      _M_get_allocator(), __length + 1);
+	    this->_S_copy(__r.__ptr, _M_data(), __length + 1);
 	    _M_dispose();
-	    _M_data(__tmp);
-	    _M_capacity(__length);
+	    _M_data(__r.__ptr);
+	    _M_capacity(__r.__count - 1);  // reserve room for NUL.
 	  }
 	catch (const __cxxabiv1::__forced_unwind&)
 	  { throw; }
@@ -677,7 +698,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 #endif // C++11
 
 #endif  // _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
-   
+
 #if __glibcxx_constexpr_string >= 201907L
 # define _GLIBCXX_STRING_CONSTEXPR constexpr
 #else
@@ -916,7 +937,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 	      // Avoid reallocation for common case.
 	      __str.erase();
 	      _CharT __buf[128];
-	      __size_type __len = 0;	      
+	      __size_type __len = 0;
 	      const streamsize __w = __in.width();
 	      const __size_type __n = __w > 0 ? static_cast<__size_type>(__w)
 		                              : __str.max_size();
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/memory_resource.h b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/memory_resource.h
index e5c6697b07e..cb29ff88478 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/memory_resource.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/memory_resource.h
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 # include <bits/utility.h>		// index_sequence
 # include <tuple>			// tuple, forward_as_tuple
 #endif
+#include <bits/memoryfwd.h>
 
 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
 {
@@ -468,6 +469,22 @@ namespace pmr
       allocate(allocator_type& __a, size_type __n, const_void_pointer)
       { return __a.allocate(__n); }
 
+#ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Allocate memory, generously.
+       *  @param  __a  An allocator.
+       *  @param  __n  The number of objects to allocate space for.
+       *  @return Memory of suitable size and alignment for `m >= n`
+       *          objects of type `value_type`, and `m`.
+       *
+       *  Returns `{ a.allocate(n), n }`.
+      */
+      [[nodiscard]] static auto
+      allocate_at_least(allocator_type& __a, size_type __n)
+      -> std::allocation_result<pointer, size_type>
+      { return { __a.allocate(__n), __n }; }
+#endif
+
       /**
        *  @brief  Deallocate memory.
        *  @param  __a  An allocator.
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/new_allocator.h b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/new_allocator.h
index fbe03e392aa..1ce2d41388f 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/new_allocator.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/new_allocator.h
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
 #include <type_traits>
 #endif
+#include <bits/memoryfwd.h>
 
 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
 {
@@ -150,6 +151,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 	      std::__throw_bad_array_new_length();
 	    std::__throw_bad_alloc();
 	  }
+
 #if __cpp_aligned_new && __cplusplus >= 201103L
 	else if constexpr (alignof(_Tp) > __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__)
 	  {
@@ -162,6 +164,60 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 	  return static_cast<_Tp*>(_GLIBCXX_OPERATOR_NEW(__n * sizeof(_Tp)));
       }
 
+#ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least  // C++23
+      [[nodiscard]] constexpr auto
+      allocate_at_least(size_t __n)
+      -> std::allocation_result<_Tp*, size_t>
+      {
+	static_assert(requires { sizeof(_Tp); },
+	  "cannot allocate incomplete types");
+
+	if constexpr (!requires { sizeof(_Tp); })
+	  return { nullptr, 0 }; // static_assert already failed
+	else if (__builtin_expect(__n > this->_M_max_size(), false))
+	  {
+	    // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
+	    // 3190. allocator::allocate sometimes returns too little storage
+	    if (__n > (std::size_t(-1) / sizeof(_Tp)))
+	      std::__throw_bad_array_new_length();
+	    std::__throw_bad_alloc();
+	  }
+	else if consteval
+	  {
+	    void* __p = _GLIBCXX_OPERATOR_NEW(__n * sizeof(_Tp));
+	    return { static_cast<_Tp*>(__p), __n };
+	  }
+	else
+	  {  // "if consteval" demands a block here.
+	    const size_t __need =  __n * sizeof(_Tp);
+	    if constexpr (alignof(_Tp) > __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__)
+	      {
+		const std::align_val_t __al = std::align_val_t(alignof(_Tp));
+		void* __p = _GLIBCXX_OPERATOR_NEW(__need, __al);
+		return { static_cast<_Tp*>(__p), __n };
+	      }
+	    else if constexpr (sizeof(_Tp) >= __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__)
+	      {
+		void* __p = _GLIBCXX_OPERATOR_NEW(__need);
+		return { static_cast<_Tp*>(__p), __n };
+	      }
+	    else
+	      {
+		const size_t __mask = __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ - 1;
+		size_t __ask = (__need + __mask) & ~__mask;
+		// Avoid rounding to and asking for 2^63 bytes (PR108377):
+		__ask -= __ask >> (__SIZE_WIDTH__ - 1);
+		auto* __p = static_cast<_Tp*>(_GLIBCXX_OPERATOR_NEW(__ask));
+		using _U8 = const unsigned char;
+		static_assert(sizeof(_Tp) <= ~_U8());
+		// Use 8-bit division for minimal latency:
+		_U8 __spare = __ask - __need, __size = sizeof(_Tp);
+		return { __p , __n + __spare / __size };
+	      }
+	  }
+      }
+#endif
+
       // __p is not permitted to be a null pointer.
       _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR void
       deallocate(_Tp* __p, size_type __n __attribute__ ((__unused__)))
@@ -177,10 +233,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 	  {
 	    _GLIBCXX_OPERATOR_DELETE(_GLIBCXX_SIZED_DEALLOC(__p, __n),
 				     std::align_val_t(alignof(_Tp)));
-	    return;
 	  }
+	else
 #endif
-	_GLIBCXX_OPERATOR_DELETE(_GLIBCXX_SIZED_DEALLOC(__p, __n));
+	  _GLIBCXX_OPERATOR_DELETE(_GLIBCXX_SIZED_DEALLOC(__p, __n));
       }
 
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/stl_vector.h b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/stl_vector.h
index c4ca214752a..5d7da03e2ee 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/stl_vector.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/stl_vector.h
@@ -317,6 +317,19 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
       get_allocator() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       { return allocator_type(_M_get_Tp_allocator()); }
 
+      static _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR size_t
+      _S_max_size(const _Tp_alloc_type& __a) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      {
+	// std::distance(begin(), end()) cannot be greater than PTRDIFF_MAX,
+	// and realistically we can't store more than PTRDIFF_MAX/sizeof(T)
+	// (even if std::allocator_traits::max_size says we can).
+	const size_t __diffmax =
+	  __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<ptrdiff_t>::__max / sizeof(_Tp);
+	const size_t __allocmax =
+	  __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Alloc>::max_size(__a);
+	return (std::min)(__diffmax, __allocmax);
+      }
+
 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
       _Vector_base() = default;
 #else
@@ -389,6 +402,43 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 	return __n != 0 ? _Tr::allocate(_M_impl, __n) : pointer();
       }
 
+      struct _Alloc_result { pointer __ptr; size_t __count; };
+
+      _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
+      _Alloc_result
+      _M_allocate_at_least(size_t __n)
+      {
+	typedef __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Tp_alloc_type> _Tr;
+	_Alloc_result __r;
+	if (__builtin_expect(__n != 0, true))
+	  {
+#ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least  // C++23
+	    if constexpr (requires    { _Tr::allocate_at_least(_M_impl, __n); })
+	      {
+		auto [__ptr, __count] = _Tr::allocate_at_least(_M_impl, __n);
+		if (__count > __n)
+		  {
+		    size_t __max = _S_max_size(_M_get_Tp_allocator());
+		    if (__builtin_expect(__count > __max, false))
+		      __count = __max;
+		  }
+		__r = { __ptr, __count };
+	      }
+	    else
+#endif
+	      {
+		__r.__ptr = _Tr::allocate(_M_impl, __n);
+		__r.__count = __n;
+	      }
+	  }
+	else
+	  {
+	    __r.__ptr = pointer();
+	    __r.__count = 0;
+	  }
+	return __r;
+      }
+
       _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
       void
       _M_deallocate(pointer __p, size_t __n)
@@ -404,9 +454,9 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
       void
       _M_create_storage(size_t __n)
       {
-	this->_M_impl._M_start = this->_M_allocate(__n);
-	this->_M_impl._M_finish = this->_M_impl._M_start;
-	this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage = this->_M_impl._M_start + __n;
+	_Alloc_result __r = this->_M_allocate_at_least(__n);
+	this->_M_impl._M_finish = this->_M_impl._M_start = __r.__ptr;
+	this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage = this->_M_impl._M_start + __r.__count;
       }
 
 #if __glibcxx_containers_ranges // C++ >= 23
@@ -480,6 +530,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
       typedef _Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>			_Base;
       typedef typename _Base::_Tp_alloc_type		_Tp_alloc_type;
       typedef __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Tp_alloc_type>	_Alloc_traits;
+      typedef typename _Base::_Alloc_result             _Alloc_result;
 
     public:
       typedef _Tp					value_type;
@@ -536,6 +587,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 
     protected:
       using _Base::_M_allocate;
+      using _Base::_M_allocate_at_least;
       using _Base::_M_deallocate;
       using _Base::_M_impl;
       using _Base::_M_get_Tp_allocator;
@@ -1116,7 +1168,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
       _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
       size_type
       max_size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return _S_max_size(_M_get_Tp_allocator()); }
+      { return _Base::_S_max_size(_M_get_Tp_allocator()); }
 
 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
       /**
@@ -1682,16 +1734,17 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 		  return;
 		}
 
-	      const size_type __len = _M_check_len(__n, "vector::append_range");
+	      const size_type __ask = _M_check_len(__n, "vector::append_range");
 
 	      pointer __old_start = this->_M_impl._M_start;
 	      pointer __old_finish = this->_M_impl._M_finish;
 
-	      allocator_type& __a = _M_get_Tp_allocator();
-	      const pointer __start = this->_M_allocate(__len);
+	      auto [__ptr, __got] = this->_M_allocate_at_least(__ask);
+	      const pointer __start = __ptr;
 	      const pointer __mid = __start + __sz;
 	      const pointer __back = __mid + __n;
-	      _Guard_alloc __guard(__start, __len, *this);
+	      _Guard_alloc __guard(__start, __got, *this);
+	      allocator_type& __a = _M_get_Tp_allocator();
 	      std::__uninitialized_copy_a(ranges::begin(__rg),
 					  ranges::end(__rg),
 					  __mid, __a);
@@ -1733,7 +1786,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 	      // Finally, take ownership of new storage:
 	      this->_M_impl._M_start = __start;
 	      this->_M_impl._M_finish = __back;
-	      this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage = __start + __len;
+	      this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage = __start + __got;
 	    }
 	  else
 	    {
@@ -1889,20 +1942,45 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
     protected:
       /**
        *  Memory expansion handler.  Uses the member allocation function to
-       *  obtain @a n bytes of memory, and then copies [first,last) into it.
+       *  obtain at least `n` objects worth of memory, copies `[first,last)`
+       *  into it, reports what was actually allocated.
        */
       template<typename _ForwardIterator>
 	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
-	pointer
+	_Alloc_result
 	_M_allocate_and_copy(size_type __n,
-			     _ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last)
+		_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last)
 	{
-	  _Guard_alloc __guard(this->_M_allocate(__n), __n, *this);
+	  _Alloc_result __r = this->_M_allocate_at_least(__n);
+	  _Guard_alloc __guard(__r.__ptr, __r.__count, *this);
 	  std::__uninitialized_copy_a
 	    (__first, __last, __guard._M_storage, _M_get_Tp_allocator());
-	  return __guard._M_release();
+	  (void) __guard._M_release();
+	  return __r;
 	}
 
+      _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR void
+      _M_replace_storage(pointer __start, pointer __end, size_type __cap)
+      {
+	  _GLIBCXX_ASAN_ANNOTATE_REINIT;
+	  _M_deallocate(this->_M_impl._M_start,
+	    this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage - this->_M_impl._M_start);
+	  this->_M_impl._M_start = __start;
+	  this->_M_impl._M_finish = __end;
+	  this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage = __start + __cap;
+      }
+
+      template<typename _ForwardIterator>
+	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
+	void
+	_M_replace_with(size_type __n,
+		_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last)
+	{
+	  _Alloc_result __r = _M_allocate_and_copy(__n, __first, __last);
+	  std::_Destroy(this->_M_impl._M_start,
+	    this->_M_impl._M_finish, _M_get_Tp_allocator());
+	  _M_replace_storage(__r.__ptr, __r.__ptr + __n, __r.__count);
+	}
 
       // Internal constructor functions follow.
 
@@ -1916,6 +1994,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 	_M_initialize_dispatch(_Integer __int_n, _Integer __value, __true_type)
 	{
 	  const size_type __n = static_cast<size_type>(__int_n);
+	  // NB this is c++98 code, so has no allocate_at_least.
 	  pointer __start =
 	    _M_allocate(_S_check_init_len(__n, _M_get_Tp_allocator()));
 	  this->_M_impl._M_start = __start;
@@ -1971,10 +2050,11 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 	_M_range_initialize_n(_Iterator __first, _Sentinel __last,
 			      size_type __n)
 	{
-	  pointer __start =
-	    this->_M_allocate(_S_check_init_len(__n, _M_get_Tp_allocator()));
+	  _Alloc_result __r = this->_M_allocate_at_least(
+	    _S_check_init_len(__n, _M_get_Tp_allocator()));
+	  pointer __start = __r.__ptr;
 	  this->_M_impl._M_start = this->_M_impl._M_finish = __start;
-	  this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage = __start + __n;
+	  this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage = __start + __r.__count;
 	  this->_M_impl._M_finish
 	      = std::__uninitialized_copy_a(_GLIBCXX_MOVE(__first), __last,
 					    __start, _M_get_Tp_allocator());
@@ -2191,35 +2271,27 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
       size_type
       _M_check_len(size_type __n, const char* __s) const
       {
-	if (max_size() - size() < __n)
+	const size_type __room = max_size() - size();
+	if (__room < __n)
 	  __throw_length_error(__N(__s));
 
-	const size_type __len = size() + (std::max)(size(), __n);
-	return (__len < size() || __len > max_size()) ? max_size() : __len;
+	if (__n < size())
+	  __n = size();  // Grow by (at least) doubling ...
+	if (__n > __room)
+	  __n = __room;  //  ... but only as much as will fit.
+	return size() + __n;
       }
 
       // Called by constructors to check initial size.
       static _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR size_type
       _S_check_init_len(size_type __n, const allocator_type& __a)
       {
-	if (__n > _S_max_size(_Tp_alloc_type(__a)))
+	if (__n > _Base::_S_max_size(_Tp_alloc_type(__a)))
 	  __throw_length_error(
 	      __N("cannot create std::vector larger than max_size()"));
 	return __n;
       }
 
-      static _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR size_type
-      _S_max_size(const _Tp_alloc_type& __a) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      {
-	// std::distance(begin(), end()) cannot be greater than PTRDIFF_MAX,
-	// and realistically we can't store more than PTRDIFF_MAX/sizeof(T)
-	// (even if std::allocator_traits::max_size says we can).
-	const size_t __diffmax
-	  = __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<ptrdiff_t>::__max / sizeof(_Tp);
-	const size_t __allocmax = _Alloc_traits::max_size(__a);
-	return (std::min)(__diffmax, __allocmax);
-      }
-
       // Internal erase functions follow.
 
       // Called by erase(q1,q2), clear(), resize(), _M_fill_assign,
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/vector.tcc b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/vector.tcc
index b790fca2964..86c41d74ff4 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/vector.tcc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/vector.tcc
@@ -75,13 +75,13 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
       if (this->capacity() < __n)
 	{
 	  const size_type __old_size = size();
-	  pointer __tmp;
+	  _Alloc_result __tmp;
 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
 	  if constexpr (_S_use_relocate())
 	    {
-	      __tmp = this->_M_allocate(__n);
+	      __tmp = this->_M_allocate_at_least(__n);
 	      std::__relocate_a(this->_M_impl._M_start, this->_M_impl._M_finish,
-				__tmp, _M_get_Tp_allocator());
+				__tmp.__ptr, _M_get_Tp_allocator());
 	    }
 	  else
 #endif
@@ -92,13 +92,8 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 	      std::_Destroy(this->_M_impl._M_start, this->_M_impl._M_finish,
 			    _M_get_Tp_allocator());
 	    }
-	  _GLIBCXX_ASAN_ANNOTATE_REINIT;
-	  _M_deallocate(this->_M_impl._M_start,
-			this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage
-			- this->_M_impl._M_start);
-	  this->_M_impl._M_start = __tmp;
-	  this->_M_impl._M_finish = __tmp + __old_size;
-	  this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage = this->_M_impl._M_start + __n;
+	  _M_replace_storage(
+	    __tmp.__ptr, __tmp.__ptr + __old_size, __tmp.__count);
 	}
     }
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
@@ -106,12 +101,12 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
   template<typename _Tp, typename _Alloc>
     template<typename... _Args>
-#if __cplusplus > 201402L
+# if __cplusplus > 201402L
       _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
       typename vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::reference
-#else
+# else
       void
-#endif
+# endif
       vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::
       emplace_back(_Args&&... __args)
       {
@@ -125,11 +120,11 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 	  }
 	else
 	  _M_realloc_append(std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
-#if __cplusplus > 201402L
+# if __cplusplus > 201402L
 	return back();
-#endif
+# endif
       }
-#endif
+#endif  // __cplusplus >= 201103L
 
   template<typename _Tp, typename _Alloc>
     _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
@@ -238,22 +233,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 #endif
 	  const size_type __xlen = __x.size();
 	  if (__xlen > capacity())
-	    {
-	      pointer __tmp = _M_allocate_and_copy(__xlen, __x.begin(),
-						   __x.end());
-	      std::_Destroy(this->_M_impl._M_start, this->_M_impl._M_finish,
-			    _M_get_Tp_allocator());
-	      _M_deallocate(this->_M_impl._M_start,
-			    this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage
-			    - this->_M_impl._M_start);
-	      this->_M_impl._M_start = __tmp;
-	      this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage = this->_M_impl._M_start + __xlen;
-	    }
+	    _M_replace_with(__xlen, __x.begin(), __x.end());
 	  else if (size() >= __xlen)
-	    {
-	      std::_Destroy(std::copy(__x.begin(), __x.end(), begin()),
-			    end(), _M_get_Tp_allocator());
-	    }
+	    std::_Destroy(std::copy(__x.begin(), __x.end(), begin()),
+	      end(), _M_get_Tp_allocator());
 	  else
 	    {
 	      std::copy(__x._M_impl._M_start, __x._M_impl._M_start + size(),
@@ -332,16 +315,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 	      __builtin_unreachable();
 
 	    _S_check_init_len(__len, _M_get_Tp_allocator());
-	    pointer __tmp(_M_allocate_and_copy(__len, __first, __last));
-	    std::_Destroy(this->_M_impl._M_start, this->_M_impl._M_finish,
-			  _M_get_Tp_allocator());
-	    _GLIBCXX_ASAN_ANNOTATE_REINIT;
-	    _M_deallocate(this->_M_impl._M_start,
-			  this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage
-			  - this->_M_impl._M_start);
-	    this->_M_impl._M_start = __tmp;
-	    this->_M_impl._M_finish = this->_M_impl._M_start + __len;
-	    this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage = this->_M_impl._M_finish;
+	    _M_replace_with(__len, __first, __last);
 	  }
 	else if (__sz >= __len)
 	  _M_erase_at_end(std::copy(__first, __last, this->_M_impl._M_start));
@@ -464,13 +438,15 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
     _M_realloc_insert(iterator __position, const _Tp& __x)
 #endif
     {
-      const size_type __len = _M_check_len(1u, "vector::_M_realloc_insert");
-      if (__len <= 0)
+      const size_type __len1 = _M_check_len(1u, "vector::_M_realloc_insert");
+      if (__len1 <= 0)
 	__builtin_unreachable();
       pointer __old_start = this->_M_impl._M_start;
       pointer __old_finish = this->_M_impl._M_finish;
       const size_type __elems_before = __position - begin();
-      pointer __new_start(this->_M_allocate(__len));
+      _Alloc_result __r = this->_M_allocate_at_least(__len1);
+      const size_type __len = __r.__count;
+      pointer __new_start(__r.__ptr);
       pointer __new_finish(__new_start);
 
       {
@@ -574,14 +550,16 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
       const size_type __len = _M_check_len(1u, "vector::_M_realloc_append");
       if (__len <= 0)
 	__builtin_unreachable();
-      pointer __old_start = this->_M_impl._M_start;
-      pointer __old_finish = this->_M_impl._M_finish;
+      const pointer __old_start = this->_M_impl._M_start;
+      const pointer __old_finish = this->_M_impl._M_finish;
       const size_type __elems = size();
-      pointer __new_start(this->_M_allocate(__len));
+      const _Alloc_result __r = this->_M_allocate_at_least(__len);
+      const size_type __rlen = __r.__count;
+      const pointer __new_start(__r.__ptr);
       pointer __new_finish(__new_start);
 
       {
-	_Guard_alloc __guard(__new_start, __len, *this);
+	_Guard_alloc __guard(__new_start, __rlen, *this);
 
 	// The order of the three operations is dictated by the C++11
 	// case, where the moves could alter a new element belonging
@@ -652,7 +630,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 
       this->_M_impl._M_start = __new_start;
       this->_M_impl._M_finish = __new_finish;
-      this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage = __new_start + __len;
+      this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage = __new_start + __rlen;
     }
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 
@@ -716,10 +694,12 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 	      pointer __old_finish = this->_M_impl._M_finish;
 	      const pointer __pos = __position.base();
 
-	      const size_type __len =
+	      const size_type __len1 =
 		_M_check_len(__n, "vector::_M_fill_insert");
 	      const size_type __elems_before = __pos - __old_start;
-	      pointer __new_start(this->_M_allocate(__len));
+	      _Alloc_result __r = this->_M_allocate_at_least(__len1);
+	      const size_type __len = __r.__count;
+	      pointer __new_start(__r.__ptr);
 	      pointer __new_finish(__new_start);
 	      __try
 		{
@@ -727,21 +707,16 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 		  std::__uninitialized_fill_n_a(__new_start + __elems_before,
 						__n, __x,
 						_M_get_Tp_allocator());
-		  __new_finish = pointer();
-
-		  __new_finish
-		    = std::__uninitialized_move_if_noexcept_a
-		    (__old_start, __pos, __new_start, _M_get_Tp_allocator());
-
+		  __new_finish = pointer();  // ... in case of a throw.
+		  __new_finish = std::__uninitialized_move_if_noexcept_a(
+		      __old_start, __pos, __new_start, _M_get_Tp_allocator());
 		  __new_finish += __n;
-
-		  __new_finish
-		    = std::__uninitialized_move_if_noexcept_a
-		    (__pos, __old_finish, __new_finish, _M_get_Tp_allocator());
+		  __new_finish = std::__uninitialized_move_if_noexcept_a(
+		      __pos, __old_finish, __new_finish, _M_get_Tp_allocator());
 		}
 	      __catch(...)
 		{
-		  if (!__new_finish)
+		  if (__new_finish == pointer())
 		    std::_Destroy(__new_start + __elems_before,
 				  __new_start + __elems_before + __n,
 				  _M_get_Tp_allocator());
@@ -752,12 +727,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 		  __throw_exception_again;
 		}
 	      std::_Destroy(__old_start, __old_finish, _M_get_Tp_allocator());
-	      _GLIBCXX_ASAN_ANNOTATE_REINIT;
-	      _M_deallocate(__old_start,
-			    this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage - __old_start);
-	      this->_M_impl._M_start = __new_start;
-	      this->_M_impl._M_finish = __new_finish;
-	      this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage = __new_start + __len;
+	      _M_replace_storage(__new_start, __new_finish, __len);
 	    }
 	}
     }
@@ -785,9 +755,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 	   pointer __old_finish = this->_M_impl._M_finish;
 	   const size_type __old_size = __old_finish - __old_start;
 
-	   const size_type __len =
-	     _M_check_len(__n, "vector::_M_fill_append");
-	   pointer __new_start(this->_M_allocate(__len));
+	   size_type __len = _M_check_len(__n, "vector::_M_fill_append");
+	   _Alloc_result __r = this->_M_allocate_at_least(__len);
+	   __len = __r.__count;
+	   pointer __new_start(__r.__ptr);
 	   pointer __new_finish(__new_start + __old_size);
 	   __try
 	     {
@@ -807,12 +778,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 		__throw_exception_again;
 	      }
 	   std::_Destroy(__old_start, __old_finish, _M_get_Tp_allocator());
-	   _GLIBCXX_ASAN_ANNOTATE_REINIT;
-	   _M_deallocate(__old_start,
-			 this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage - __old_start);
-	   this->_M_impl._M_start = __new_start;
-	   this->_M_impl._M_finish = __new_finish;
-	   this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage = __new_start + __len;
+	   _M_replace_storage(__new_start, __new_finish, __len);
 	 }
     }
 
@@ -852,9 +818,11 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 	      pointer __old_start = this->_M_impl._M_start;
 	      pointer __old_finish = this->_M_impl._M_finish;
 
-	      const size_type __len =
+	      const size_type __len1 =
 		_M_check_len(__n, "vector::_M_default_append");
-	      pointer __new_start(this->_M_allocate(__len));
+	      _Alloc_result __r = this->_M_allocate_at_least(__len1);
+	      const size_type __len = __r.__count;
+	      pointer __new_start(__r.__ptr);
 
 	      {
 		_Guard_alloc __guard(__new_start, __len, *this);
@@ -1003,14 +971,16 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 		pointer __old_start = this->_M_impl._M_start;
 		pointer __old_finish = this->_M_impl._M_finish;
 
-		const size_type __len =
+		const size_type __ask =
 		  _M_check_len(__n, "vector::_M_range_insert");
 #if __cplusplus < 201103L
-		if (__len < (__n + (__old_finish - __old_start)))
+		if (__ask < (__n + (__old_finish - __old_start)))
 		  __builtin_unreachable();
 #endif
 
-		pointer __new_start(this->_M_allocate(__len));
+		_Alloc_result __r = this->_M_allocate_at_least(__ask);
+		const size_type __got = __r.__count;
+		pointer __new_start(__r.__ptr);
 		pointer __new_finish(__new_start);
 		__try
 		  {
@@ -1031,17 +1001,12 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 		  {
 		    std::_Destroy(__new_start, __new_finish,
 				  _M_get_Tp_allocator());
-		    _M_deallocate(__new_start, __len);
+		    _M_deallocate(__new_start, __got);
 		    __throw_exception_again;
 		  }
 		std::_Destroy(__old_start, __old_finish,
 			      _M_get_Tp_allocator());
-		_GLIBCXX_ASAN_ANNOTATE_REINIT;
-		_M_deallocate(__old_start,
-			      this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage - __old_start);
-		this->_M_impl._M_start = __new_start;
-		this->_M_impl._M_finish = __new_finish;
-		this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage = __new_start + __len;
+		_M_replace_storage(__new_start, __new_finish, __got);
 	      }
 	  }
       }
@@ -1111,7 +1076,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 	      }
 	    else // Reallocate
 	      {
-		const size_type __len
+		const size_type __ask
 		  = _M_check_len(__n, "vector::insert_range");
 
 		struct _Guard : _Guard_alloc
@@ -1130,8 +1095,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 		};
 
 		// Allocate new storage:
-		pointer __new_start(this->_M_allocate(__len));
-		_Guard __guard(__new_start, __len, *this);
+		_Alloc_result __r = this->_M_allocate_at_least(__ask);
+		const size_type __got = __r.__count;
+		pointer __new_start(__r.__ptr);
+		_Guard __guard(__new_start, __got, *this);
 
 		auto& __alloc = _M_get_Tp_allocator();
 
@@ -1158,13 +1125,13 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
 		// with __guard so that it cleans up the old storage:
 		this->_M_impl._M_start = __guard._M_storage;
 		this->_M_impl._M_finish = __guard._M_finish;
-		this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage = __new_start + __len;
+		this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage = __new_start + __got;
 		__guard._M_storage = __old_start;
 		__guard._M_finish = __old_finish;
 		__guard._M_len = (__old_finish - __old_start) + __cap;
 		// _Asan::_Reinit destructor marks unused capacity.
 		// _Guard destructor destroys [old_start,old_finish).
-		// _Guard_alloc destructor frees [old_start,old_start+len).
+		// _Guard_alloc destructor frees [old_start,old_start+got).
 	      }
 	    return begin() + __ins_idx;
 	  }
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/allocator/allocate_at_least.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/allocator/allocate_at_least.cc
index 5399096d294..987e2472490 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/allocator/allocate_at_least.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/allocator/allocate_at_least.cc
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ template <typename T>
       }
   };
 
-int main()
+void base()
 {
   std::allocator<X> native;
   auto a1 = native.allocate_at_least(100);
@@ -63,3 +63,109 @@ int main()
   VERIFY(a5.ptr == minimal.keep);
   minimal_traits::deallocate(minimal, a5.ptr, a5.count);
 }
+
+void extra()
+{
+  using SatC = std::allocator_traits<std::allocator<char>>;
+  std::allocator<char> satc;
+  {
+    auto [p, n] = SatC::allocate_at_least(satc, 1);
+    VERIFY(n == __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__);
+    SatC::deallocate(satc, p, n);
+  }
+  {
+    auto [p, n] = SatC::allocate_at_least(satc, 2);
+    VERIFY(n == __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__);
+    SatC::deallocate(satc, p, n);
+  }
+  {
+    auto [p, n] =
+      SatC::allocate_at_least(satc, __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ - 1);
+    VERIFY(n == __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__);
+    SatC::deallocate(satc, p, n);
+  }
+  {
+    auto [p, n] = SatC::allocate_at_least(
+	satc, __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__);
+    VERIFY(n == __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__);
+    SatC::deallocate(satc, p, n);
+  }
+
+  using SatS = std::allocator_traits<std::allocator<short>>;
+  std::allocator<short> sats;
+  {
+    auto [p, n] = SatS::allocate_at_least(sats, 1);
+    VERIFY(n == __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(short));
+    SatS::deallocate(sats, p, n);
+  }
+  {
+    auto [p, n] = SatS::allocate_at_least(sats, 2);
+    VERIFY(n == __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(short));
+    SatS::deallocate(sats, p, n);
+  }
+  {
+    auto [p, n] = SatS::allocate_at_least(sats,
+	(__STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ - 1) / sizeof(short));
+    VERIFY(n == __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(short));
+    SatS::deallocate(sats, p, n);
+  }
+  {
+    auto [p, n] = SatS::allocate_at_least(sats,
+	__STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(short));
+    VERIFY(n == __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(short));
+    SatS::deallocate(sats, p, n);
+  }
+
+  struct A3 { char s[3]; };
+  using SatA3 = std::allocator_traits<std::allocator<A3>>;
+  std::allocator<A3> sata3;
+  {
+    auto [p, n] = SatA3::allocate_at_least(sata3, 1);
+    VERIFY(n == __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(A3));
+    SatA3::deallocate(sata3, p, n);
+  }
+  {
+    auto [p, n] = SatA3::allocate_at_least(sata3, 2);
+    VERIFY(n == __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(A3));
+    SatA3::deallocate(sata3, p, n);
+  }
+  {
+    auto [p, n] = SatA3::allocate_at_least(sata3,
+	(__STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ - 1) / sizeof(A3));
+    VERIFY(n == __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(A3));
+    SatA3::deallocate(sata3, p, n);
+  }
+  {
+    auto [p, n] = SatA3::allocate_at_least(sata3,
+	__STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(A3));
+    VERIFY(n == __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(A3));
+    SatA3::deallocate(sata3, p, n);
+  }
+
+  struct Anm1 { char s[__STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ - 1]; };
+  using SatAnm1 = std::allocator_traits<std::allocator<Anm1>>;
+  std::allocator<Anm1> satanm1;
+  {
+    auto [p, n] = SatAnm1::allocate_at_least(satanm1, 1);
+    VERIFY(n == 1);
+    SatAnm1::deallocate(satanm1, p, n);
+  }
+  {
+    auto [p, n] = SatAnm1::allocate_at_least(satanm1,
+	__STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__);
+    VERIFY(n == __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__);
+    SatAnm1::deallocate(satanm1, p, n);
+  }
+  {
+    auto [p, n] = SatAnm1::allocate_at_least(satanm1,
+	__STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ - 1);
+    VERIFY(n == __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__);
+    SatAnm1::deallocate(satanm1, p, n);
+  }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  base();
+  extra();
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/char/18654.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/char/18654.cc
index d542f34d08e..59012a1c170 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/char/18654.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/char/18654.cc
@@ -58,7 +58,12 @@ void test01()
 #else
       str.shrink_to_fit(); // reserve is deprecated in C++20
 #endif
-      VERIFY( str.capacity() == i );
+#if __glibcxx_allocate_at_least
+      unsigned limit = __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ - 1;
+#else
+      unsigned limit = 0;
+#endif
+      VERIFY( str.capacity() - i <= limit);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/char/shrink_to_fit.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/char/shrink_to_fit.cc
index a26d524dddf..ae5df746f35 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/char/shrink_to_fit.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/char/shrink_to_fit.cc
@@ -30,7 +30,12 @@ void test01()
   s.push_back('b');
   VERIFY( s.size() < s.capacity() );
   s.shrink_to_fit();
-  VERIFY( s.size() == s.capacity() );
+#ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least
+  unsigned limit = __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ - 1;
+#else
+  unsigned limit = 0;
+#endif
+  VERIFY( s.capacity() - s.size() <= limit );
 }
 
 int main()
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/wchar_t/18654.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/wchar_t/18654.cc
index 49e45c764c4..bf3b8dd5581 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/wchar_t/18654.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/wchar_t/18654.cc
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ void test01()
       const size_type cap = str.capacity();
       VERIFY( cap >= 3 * i );
 
+      // no shrink.
       str.reserve(2 * i);
       VERIFY( str.capacity() == cap );
 
@@ -58,7 +59,12 @@ void test01()
 #else
       str.shrink_to_fit(); // reserve is deprecated in C++20
 #endif
-      VERIFY( str.capacity() == i );
+#if __glibcxx_allocate_at_least
+      unsigned limit = __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(wchar_t) - 1;
+#else
+      unsigned limit = 0;
+#endif
+      VERIFY( str.capacity() - i <= limit);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/wchar_t/2.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/wchar_t/2.cc
index bff2bdd1862..04a3763fc77 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/wchar_t/2.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/wchar_t/2.cc
@@ -27,14 +27,21 @@
 void test02()
 {
   std::wstring str01 = L"twelve chars";
-  // str01 becomes shared
-  std::wstring str02 = str01;
+  str01.reserve(100);
 #if __cplusplus <= 201703L
   str01.reserve();
 #else
   str01.shrink_to_fit(); // reserve is deprecated in C++20
 #endif
-  VERIFY( str01.capacity() == 12 );
+  // These are not guaranteed to absolutely minimize storage.
+  // allocator<wchar_t>::allocate_at_least rounds up to what
+  // it knows ::op new delivers.
+#ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least
+  unsigned limit = __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(wchar_t) - 1;
+#else
+  unsigned limit = 0;
+#endif
+  VERIFY( str01.capacity() - str01.size() <= limit);
 }
 
 int main()
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/wchar_t/shrink_to_fit.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/wchar_t/shrink_to_fit.cc
index b4d0224a9d8..fc0f659539f 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/wchar_t/shrink_to_fit.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/capacity/wchar_t/shrink_to_fit.cc
@@ -30,7 +30,12 @@ void test01()
   s.push_back(L'b');
   VERIFY( s.size() < s.capacity() );
   s.shrink_to_fit();
-  VERIFY( s.size() == s.capacity() );
+#ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least
+  unsigned limit = __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(wchar_t) - 1;
+#else
+  unsigned limit = 0;
+#endif
+  VERIFY( s.capacity() - s.size() <= limit );
 }
 
 int main()
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/vector/capacity/shrink_to_fit.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/vector/capacity/shrink_to_fit.cc
index 74c68712b47..d4aa4d89b56 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/vector/capacity/shrink_to_fit.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/vector/capacity/shrink_to_fit.cc
@@ -30,11 +30,12 @@ void test01()
   v.push_back(1);
   VERIFY( v.size() < v.capacity() );
   v.shrink_to_fit();
-#if __cpp_exceptions
-  VERIFY( v.size() == v.capacity() );
+#ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least
+  unsigned limit = __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(int);
 #else
-  VERIFY( v.size() < v.capacity() );
+  unsigned limit = 0;
 #endif
+  VERIFY(v.capacity() - v.size() <= limit);
 }
 
 int main()
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/vector/capacity/shrink_to_fit2.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/vector/capacity/shrink_to_fit2.cc
index c8faa9ded80..9489e043845 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/vector/capacity/shrink_to_fit2.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/vector/capacity/shrink_to_fit2.cc
@@ -32,7 +32,12 @@ void test01()
   v.reserve(100);
   VERIFY( v.size() < v.capacity() );
   v.shrink_to_fit();
-  VERIFY( v.size() == v.capacity() );
+#ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least
+  unsigned limit = __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(int);
+#else
+  unsigned limit = 0;
+#endif
+  VERIFY( v.capacity() - v.size() <= limit);
   VERIFY( v.get_allocator().get_personality() == alloc.get_personality() );
 }
 
@@ -45,7 +50,12 @@ void test02()
   v.reserve(100);
   VERIFY( v.size() < v.capacity() );
   v.shrink_to_fit();
-  VERIFY( v.size() == v.capacity() );
+#ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least
+  unsigned limit = __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(int);
+#else
+  unsigned limit = 0;
+#endif
+  VERIFY( v.capacity() - v.size() <= limit);
   VERIFY( v.get_allocator().get_personality() == alloc.get_personality() );
 }
 
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/vector/modifiers/emplace/self_emplace.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/vector/modifiers/emplace/self_emplace.cc
index 00a0c7b06ea..629f35f05ba 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/vector/modifiers/emplace/self_emplace.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/vector/modifiers/emplace/self_emplace.cc
@@ -99,37 +99,37 @@ struct A
 void
 test03()
 {
-  std::vector<A> va =
-    {
-      { A(1) },
-      { A(2) },
-      { A(3) }
-    };
-
-  // Make sure emplace will imply reallocation.
-  VERIFY( va.capacity() == 3 );
+#ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least
+  unsigned fit = __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(A);
+#else
+  unsigned fit = 4;
+#endif
+  std::vector<A> va; va.reserve(fit);
+  for (int i = 1; va.size() < va.capacity(); ++i)
+      va.push_back(A(i));
 
   va.emplace(va.begin(), va.begin());
 
-  VERIFY( va.size() == 4 );
+  VERIFY( va.size() == fit + 1 );
   VERIFY( va[0]._i == 1 );
 }
 
 void
 test04()
 {
-  std::vector<A> va =
-    {
-      { A(1) },
-      { A(2) },
-      { A(3) }
-    };
+#ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least
+  unsigned fit = __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__ / sizeof(A);
+#else
+  unsigned fit = 4;
+#endif
+  std::vector<A> va; va.reserve(fit);
+  for (int i = 1; va.size() < va.capacity() - 1; ++i)
+      va.push_back(A(i));
 
   // Make sure emplace won't reallocate.
-  va.reserve(4);
   va.emplace(va.begin(), va.begin());
 
-  VERIFY( va.size() == 4 );
+  VERIFY( va.size() == fit );
   VERIFY( va[0]._i == 1 );
 }
 
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/util/testsuite_allocator.h b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/util/testsuite_allocator.h
index 892a385e307..1b3e1e8bb16 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/util/testsuite_allocator.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/util/testsuite_allocator.h
@@ -168,6 +168,16 @@ namespace __gnu_test
 	  : Alloc(alloc)
 	{ }
 
+#ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least // C++23
+      std::allocation_result<pointer, size_type>
+      allocate_at_least(size_type n)
+      {
+	auto [p, c] = AllocTraits::allocate_at_least(*this, n);
+	counter_type::allocate(c * sizeof(T));
+	return { p, c };
+      }
+#endif
+
       pointer
       allocate(size_type n, const void* = 0)
       {
@@ -373,6 +383,32 @@ namespace __gnu_test
 	return p;
       }
 
+#ifdef __glibcxx_allocate_at_least
+      constexpr auto
+      allocate_at_least(size_type n)
+      -> std::allocation_result<Tp*, size_t>
+      {
+	auto r = AllocTraits::allocate_at_least(*this, n);
+
+	if consteval
+	  { return r; }
+	else
+	  {
+	    try
+	      {
+		get_map().insert(map_type::value_type(
+		      reinterpret_cast<void*>(r.ptr), personality));
+	      }
+	    catch(...)
+	      {
+		AllocTraits::deallocate(*this, r.ptr, r.count);
+		__throw_exception_again;
+	      }
+	    return r;
+	  }
+      }
+#endif
+
       _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR
       void
       deallocate(pointer p, size_type n)
-- 
2.53.0



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