explicit template specialization in GCC 3.3

[Eddie Kohler]

Hi all,

I rely on a mix of implicit and explicit C++ template specialization, which
GCC 3.3 seems to have broken (on Linux x86 and Mac OS X). Source code
organization is as follows:

    In a library directory:
    Library header files	Template class definitions, inline member
				function definitions
    Library source files	Non-inline member function definitions,
				some conventional class definitions
	-> compiled into libwhatever.a (WITHOUT -fno-implicit-templates)

    In a main directory:
    Main source files		#include "library header files"
    'templatei.cc'		#include "library header files"
				#include "library source files"
				// explicitly instantiate all templates
				// needed by library + main source files
				template class T1<C1>;
				template class T2<C2>; ...
	-> compiled (again, without -fno-implicit-templates) and linked
	   with libwhatever.a

With GCC <3.3 this works fine, and my reading of the standard says that it
is valid. GCC 3.3, however, complains at link time:

g++  -g -O2   -o mmafm  templatei.o main.o ../libefont/libefont.a ../liblcdf/liblcdf.a -lm
main.o: In function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0':
/home/kohler/mminstance-1.20/mmafm/main.cc:60: undefined reference to `Vector<int>::~Vector [in-charge]()'
../libefont/libefont.a(psres.o): In function `Efont::PsresDatabase::~PsresDatabase [not-in-charge]()':
/home/kohler/mminstance-1.20/libefont/psres.cc:39: undefined reference to `Vector<int>::~Vector [in-charge]()'
../libefont/libefont.a(psres.o): In function `Efont::PsresDatabase::~PsresDatabase [in-charge]()':
/home/kohler/mminstance-1.20/libefont/psres.cc:39: undefined reference to `Vector<int>::~Vector [in-charge]()'
../libefont/libefont.a(psres.o): In function `Efont::PsresDatabaseSection::PsresDatabaseSection[not-in-charge](PermString)':
/home/kohler/mminstance-1.20/libefont/../include/lcdf/string.hh:178: undefined reference to `Vector<int>::~Vector [in-charge]()'
...

But if I link 'templatei.o' in with the library 'libefont.a', instead of
with the main program, everything links fine.

I've tried and failed to create a minimal test case that demonstrates this
behavior. This tarball is all I've got:
	http://www.lcdf.org/type/mminstance-1.20.tar.gz

I would appreciate some advice.

  1. Is this method of template instantiation invalid?
  2. If it's valid, is GCC 3.3's behavior a known bug?
  3. If it's not a known bug, any pointers on how I could create a minimal
     test case?

Thanks,
Eddie Kohler