collect2/ld doesn't search all paths dumped by gcc -print-search-dirs

[John Z. Bohach]

I'm trying to build a tiny test program using an alternate toolchain 
built purely from source (LFS ch. 5 method), but collect2 says that ld 
can't find a lib. that _does_ exist under /usr/lib, but /usr/lib is not 
even attempted as part of the search, even though /usr/lib _is_ part of 
the library search path dumped by "gcc -print-search-dirs".  
Bizarre...what am I misunderstanding?

Here are the particulars:

The program I'm building:

#include <stdio.h>
int main() { printf("Ok\n"); return(0); }

The build command line:

/tools/bin/gcc -o 
try -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -Wdeclaration-after-statement -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib 
try.c -lnsl -lgdbm -ldb -ldl -lm -lcrypt -lutil -lc -Wl,--verbose

The failure:

/data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../../i686-pc-linux-uclibc/bin/ld: 
cannot find -lgdbm
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

The pertinent parts of the -Wl,--verbose output from the build attempt:

GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.18
  Supported emulations:
   elf_i386
   i386linux
using internal linker script:
==================================================
/* Script for -z combreloc: combine and sort reloc sections */
OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-i386", "elf32-i386",
              "elf32-i386")
OUTPUT_ARCH(i386)
ENTRY(_start)
SEARCH_DIR("/tools/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("/tools/lib");
...
attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libgdbm.so failed
attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libgdbm.a failed
attempt to 
open /data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/libgdbm.so 
failed
attempt to 
open /data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/libgdbm.a 
failed
attempt to 
open /data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/libgdbm.so 
failed
attempt to 
open /data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/libgdbm.a 
failed
attempt to open /tools/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/libgdbm.so 
failed
attempt to open /tools/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/libgdbm.a 
failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/libgdbm.so 
failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/libgdbm.a failed
attempt to 
open /data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../../i686-pc-linux-uclibc/lib/libgdbm.so 
failed
attempt to 
open /data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../../i686-pc-linux-uclibc/lib/libgdbm.a 
failed
attempt to 
open /tools/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../../i686-pc-linux-uclibc/lib/libgdbm.so 
failed
attempt to 
open /tools/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../../i686-pc-linux-uclibc/lib/libgdbm.a 
failed
attempt to 
open /data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../libgdbm.so 
failed
attempt to 
open /data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../libgdbm.a 
failed
attempt to 
open /tools/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../libgdbm.so 
failed
attempt to 
open /tools/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../libgdbm.a 
failed
attempt to 
open /data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/bin/../lib/libgdbm.so 
failed
attempt to 
open /data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/bin/../lib/libgdbm.a 
failed
attempt to open /tools/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/lib/libgdbm.so failed
attempt to open /tools/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/lib/libgdbm.a failed
attempt to open /tools/lib/libgdbm.so failed
attempt to open /tools/lib/libgdbm.a failed

And the thing that makes this bizarre:

/tools/bin/gcc -print-search-dirs | sed 's/:/\n/g'
install
 /tools/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
programs 
=/data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../libexec/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
/data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../libexec/gcc/
/tools/libexec/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
/tools/libexec/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
/tools/libexec/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/
/tools/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
/tools/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/
/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/
/data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../../i686-pc-linux-uclibc/bin/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
/data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../../i686-pc-linux-uclibc/bin/
/tools/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../../i686-pc-linux-uclibc/bin/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
/tools/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../../i686-pc-linux-uclibc/bin/
libraries 
=/data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
/data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/
/tools/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
/data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../../i686-pc-linux-uclibc/lib/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
/data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../../i686-pc-linux-uclibc/lib/
/tools/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../../i686-pc-linux-uclibc/lib/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
/tools/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../../i686-pc-linux-uclibc/lib/
/data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
/data/devo/builds/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/orsus-2/rootfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../
/tools/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
/tools/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/../../../
/lib/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
/lib/
/usr/lib/i686-pc-linux-uclibc/4.2.2/
/usr/lib/

Note the /usr/lib on the last line!

Just for reference,

ls -al /usr/lib/libgdbm*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 123184 2009-02-11 16:05 /usr/lib/libgdbm.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  83410 2009-02-11 16:05 /usr/lib/libgdbm_compat.a

So WHY is /usr/lib NOT being searched by ld?  Isn't collect2 supposed to 
pass on the same library paths as dumped by gcc -print-search-dirs to 
ld?  Any ideas?

FYI:

/tools/bin/gcc -dumpspecs
*asm:
%{v:-V} %{Qy:} %{!Qn:-Qy} %{n} %{T} %{Ym,*} %{Yd,*} %{Wa,*:%*}

*asm_debug:
%{gstabs*:--gstabs}%{!gstabs*:%{g*:--gdwarf2}}

*asm_final:


*asm_options:
%a %Y %{c:%W{o*}%{!o*:-o %w%b%O}}%{!c:-o %d%w%u%O}

*invoke_as:
%{!S:-o %|.s |
 as %(asm_options) %|.s %A }

*cpp:
%{posix:-D_POSIX_SOURCE} %{pthread:-D_REENTRANT}

*cpp_options:
%(cpp_unique_options) %1 %{m*} %{std*&ansi&trigraphs} %{W*&pedantic*} %{w} %{f*} %{g*:
%{!g0:
%{!fno-working-directory:-fworking-directory}}} %{O*} %{undef} %{save-temps:-fpch-preprocess}

*cpp_debug_options:
%{d*}

*cpp_unique_options:
%{C|CC:%{!E:%eGCC does not support -C or -CC 
without -E}} %{!Q:-quiet} %{nostdinc*} %{C} %{CC} %{v} %{I*&F*} %{P} %I %{MD:-MD %{!o:
%b.d}%{o*:%.d%*}} %{MMD:-MMD %{!o:%b.d}%{o*:
%.d%*}} %{M} %{MM} %{MF*} %{MG} %{MP} %{MQ*} %{MT*} %{!E:%{!M:%{!MM:
%{MD|MMD:
%{o*:-MQ %*}}}}} %{remap} %{g3:-dD} %{H} %C %{D*&U*&A*} %{i*} %Z %i %{fmudflap:-D_MUDFLAP -include 
mf-runtime.h} %{fmudflapth:-D_MUDFLAP -D_MUDFLAPTH -include 
mf-runtime.h} %{E|M|MM:%W{o*}}

*trad_capable_cpp:
cc1 -E %{traditional|ftraditional|traditional-cpp:-traditional-cpp}

*cc1:
%(cc1_cpu) %{profile:-p}

*cc1_options:
%{pg:%{fomit-frame-pointer:%e-pg and -fomit-frame-pointer are 
incompatible}} %1 %{!Q:-quiet} -dumpbase %B %{d*} %{m*} %{a*} %{c|S:
%{o*:-auxbase-strip %*}%{!o*:-auxbase %b}}%{!c:
%{!S:-auxbase %b}} %{g*} %{O*} %{W*&pedantic*} %{w} %{std*&ansi&trigraphs} %{v:-version} %{pg:-p} %{p} %{f*} %{undef} %{Qn:-fno-ident} %{--help:--help} %{--target-help:--target-help} %{!fsyntax-only:
%{S:%W{o*}%{!o*:-o %b.s}}} %{fsyntax-only:-o %j} %{-param*} %{fmudflap|
fmudflapth:-fno-builtin -fno-merge-constants} %{coverage:-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage}

*cc1plus:


*link_gcc_c_sequence:
%{static:--start-group} %G %L %{static:--end-group}%{!static:%G}

*link_ssp:
%{fstack-protector|fstack-protector-all:-lssp_nonshared -lssp}

*endfile:
%{ffast-math|funsafe-math-optimizations:crtfastmath.o%s}    %{shared|
pie:crtendS.o%s;:crtend.o%s} crtn.o%s

*link:
%{!static:--eh-frame-hdr} -m %(link_emulation) %{shared:-shared}   %{!shared:     %{!ibcs:       %{!static:     %{rdynamic:-export-dynamic}     %{!dynamic-linker:-dynamic-linker %(dynamic_linker)}}  %{static:-static}}}

*lib:
%{pthread:-lpthread}    %{shared:-lc}    %{!shared:
%{mieee-fp:-lieee} %{profile:-lc_p}%{!profile:-lc}}

*mfwrap:
 %{static: %{fmudflap|
fmudflapth:  --wrap=malloc --wrap=free --wrap=calloc --wrap=realloc --wrap=mmap --wrap=munmap --wrap=alloca} %{fmudflapth: --wrap=pthread_create}} %{fmudflap|
fmudflapth: --wrap=main}

*mflib:
%{fmudflap|fmudflapth: -export-dynamic}

*link_gomp:


*libgcc:
%{static|static-libgcc:-lgcc -lgcc_eh}%{!static:%{!static-libgcc:
%{!shared-libgcc:-lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed}%{shared-libgcc:-lgcc_s%{!shared: -lgcc}}}}

*startfile:
%{!shared: %{pg|p|profile:gcrt1.o%s;pie:Scrt1.o%s;:crt1.o%s}}    
crti.o%s %{static:crtbeginT.o%s;shared|pie:crtbeginS.o%s;:crtbegin.o%s}

*switches_need_spaces:


*cross_compile:
0

*version:
4.2.2

*multilib:
. ;

*multilib_defaults:


*multilib_extra:


*multilib_matches:


*multilib_exclusions:


*multilib_options:


*linker:
collect2

*link_libgcc:
%D

*md_exec_prefix:


*md_startfile_prefix:


*md_startfile_prefix_1:


*startfile_prefix_spec:


*sysroot_spec:
--sysroot=%R

*sysroot_suffix_spec:


*sysroot_hdrs_suffix_spec:


*cc1_cpu:
%{!mtune*: %{m386:mtune=i386 %n`-m386' is deprecated. Use `-march=i386' 
or `-mtune=i386' instead.
} %{m486:-mtune=i486 %n`-m486' is deprecated. Use `-march=i486' or 
`-mtune=i486' instead.
} %{mpentium:-mtune=pentium %n`-mpentium' is deprecated. Use 
`-march=pentium' or `-mtune=pentium' instead.
} %{mpentiumpro:-mtune=pentiumpro %n`-mpentiumpro' is deprecated. Use 
`-march=pentiumpro' or `-mtune=pentiumpro' instead.
} %{mcpu=*:-mtune=%* %n`-mcpu=' is deprecated. Use `-mtune=' 
or '-march=' instead.
}} %<mcpu=* %{mintel-syntax:-masm=intel %n`-mintel-syntax' is 
deprecated. Use `-masm=intel' instead.
} %{mno-intel-syntax:-masm=att %n`-mno-intel-syntax' is deprecated. Use 
`-masm=att' instead.
}%{march=native:%<march=native %:local_cpu_detect(arch)   %{!mtune=*:
%<mtune=native %:local_cpu_detect(tune)}} %{mtune=native:
%<mtune=native %:local_cpu_detect(tune)}

*link_emulation:
elf_i386

*dynamic_linker:
%{mglibc:%{muclibc:%e-mglibc and -muclibc used 
together}/tools/lib/ld-linux.so.2;:/tools/lib/ld-uClibc.so.0}

*link_command:
%{!fsyntax-only:%{!c:%{!M:%{!MM:%{!E:
%{!S:    %(linker) %l %{pie:-pie} %X %{o*} %{A} %{d} %{e*} %{m} %{N} %{n} %{r}    %{s} %{t} %{u*} %{x} %{z} %{Z} %{!A:
%{!nostdlib:%{!nostartfiles:
%S}}}    %{static:} %{L*} %(mfwrap) %(link_libgcc) %o    %{fopenmp:
%:include(libgomp.spec)%(link_gomp)} %(mflib)    %{fprofile-arcs|
fprofile-generate|coverage:-lgcov}    %{!nostdlib:%{!nodefaultlibs:
%(link_ssp) %(link_gcc_c_sequence)}}    %{!A:%{!nostdlib:
%{!nostartfiles:%E}}} %{T*} }}}}}}

Also, note that I am doing a native build on a i686-pc-linux-uclibc 
system that works fine in all other regards...except that this is an 
alternate toolchain's gcc that I'm using...but its still 
i686-pc-linux-uclibc.

Any ideas?

Thanks,
John