how to cast away 'volatile'?

[Sergei Organov]

Ian Lance Taylor <iant@google.com> writes:
[...]
> And once you are using a mutex, there is no reason to use volatile.
> Using volatile will give you no extra protection, it will merely cost
> you some efficiency.

Yes, that's how it is intended to work. However practice may vary. Some
time ago there was an interesting example posted in a newsgroup[1].

The initial program was:

for (...) {
        if (...) pthread_mutex_lock(...);
        x = ... x ...
        if (...) pthread_mutex_unlock(...);
}

and compiler did the following transformation that breaks thread-safety
('r' is register):

r = x;
for (...) {
        if (...) { x = r; pthread_mutex_lock(...); r = x; }
        r = ... r ...
        if (...) { x = r; pthread_mutex_unlock(...); r = x; }
}
x = r;

This transformation seems to be OK both from the C language POV and from
pthread standard POV (though the latter obviously was not intentional),
but it creates accesses to 'x' outside of the mutex-protected section
that in turn breaks thread-safety.

Making 'x' volatile would prevent such an optimization in practice,
isn't it?

[1] See
<http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.c++.moderated/msg/554aca62b08f8a21>
for details.

-- Sergei.