mystery linking failure

[Tim Prince]

Nicholas Murphy wrote:
> I'm baffled by an "undefined symbol" linking error I'm getting.  I 
> created a library using ar and ranlib.  Running nm clearly lists the 
> relevant symbols in the text section, but when I try to compile, it 
> complains that they are not there.  Compiling works just fine on my 
> macbook, but when I try to compile in a Fedora linux box, I get 
> undefined symbol complaints.  I've included the gcc output and the nm 
> output below.
>
> Any help is very much appreciated!
>
> Thanks,
> Nick
> -----
>
> gcc -v -W -Wall -g -o clue-keygen -I/usr/local/include/pbc 
> -I../include -L/home/someguy/clue/lib -L/usr/local/lib  -lgmp -lpbc 
> -lpbc_sig -lclue clue-keygen.c
> Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/specs
> Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man 
> --infodir=/usr/share/info --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix 
> --disable-checking --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit 
> --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-java-awt=gtk 
> --host=i386-redhat-linux
> Thread model: posix
> gcc version 3.4.4 20050721 (Red Hat 3.4.4-2)
> /usr/libexec/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/cc1 -quiet -v 
> -I/usr/local/include/pbc -I../include clue-keygen.c -quiet -dumpbase 
> clue-keygen.c -auxbase clue-keygen -g -W -Wall -version -o 
> /tmp/cc3T1TTO.s
> ignoring nonexistent directory 
> "/usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/../../../../i386-redhat-linux/include" 
>
> #include "..." search starts here:
> #include <...> search starts here:
> /usr/local/include/pbc
> ../include
> /usr/local/include
> /usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/include
> /usr/include
> End of search list.
> GNU C version 3.4.4 20050721 (Red Hat 3.4.4-2) (i386-redhat-linux)
>         compiled by GNU C version 3.4.4 20050721 (Red Hat 3.4.4-2).
> GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param 
> ggc-min-heapsize=131072
> as -V -Qy -o /tmp/cco8b3Nx.o /tmp/cc3T1TTO.s
> GNU assembler version 2.15.92.0.2 (i386-redhat-linux) using BFD 
> version 2.15.92.0.2 20040927
> /usr/libexec/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/collect2 --eh-frame-hdr -m 
> elf_i386 -dynamic-linker /lib/ld-linux.so.2 -o clue-keygen 
> /usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/../../../crt1.o 
> /usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/../../../crti.o 
> /usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/crtbegin.o 
> -L/home/someguy/clue/lib -L/usr/local/lib 
> -L/usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4 
> -L/usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4 
> -L/usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/../../.. -lgmp -lpbc -lpbc_sig 
> -lclue /tmp/cco8b3Nx.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc 
> -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed 
> /usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/crtend.o 
> /usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.4/../../../crtn.o
> /tmp/cco8b3Nx.o(.text+0x150): In function `main':
> /home/someguy/clue/utilities/clue-keygen.c:54: undefined reference to 
> `crypto_load_param_file'
> /tmp/cco8b3Nx.o(.text+0x1ce):/home/someguy/clue/utilities/clue-keygen.c:62: 
> undefined reference to `bbs_gen'
> /tmp/cco8b3Nx.o(.text+0x213):/home/someguy/clue/utilities/clue-keygen.c:66: 
> undefined reference to `crypto_serialize_keys'
> collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
> make: *** [clue-keygen] Error 1
>
> -----
>
> # nm /home/someguy/clue/lib/libclue.a
>
> libclue.o:
>          U __assert_fail
> 0000009d T bbs_gen
> 00000000 T bbs_init_sys_param
> 00003799 T bbs_open
> 000023f6 T bbs_sign
> 00002d94 T bbs_verify
> 0000127b T crypto_deserialize_keys
> 000010e5 T crypto_initialize_keys
> 0000003c T crypto_load_param_file
> 000c3500 C crypto_precomputed
> 00000706 T crypto_serialize_keys
> 00000535 t element_add
> 000004b8 t element_clear
> 0000377b t element_cmp
> 00001a0b t element_from_bytes
> 00002d73 t element_from_hash
> 00000514 t element_init
> 0000063e t element_init_G1
> 0000061f t element_init_G2
> 000004f5 t element_init_GT
> 00000602 t element_init_Zr
> 000005c9 t element_invert
> 000010a3 t element_length_in_bytes
> 000023d5 t element_mul
> 000023b7 t element_neg
>          U element_pow2_mpz
> 00002278 t element_pow2_zn
>          U element_pow3_mpz
> 000022fc t element_pow3_zn
> 00000556 t element_pow_zn
> 000005e7 t element_random
> 00001085 t element_to_bytes
> 000005a8 t element_to_mpz
>          U fclose
>          U fopen
>          U fread
>          U free
>          U fwrite
>          U __gmpz_clear
>          U __gmpz_init
>          U hash_final
>          U hash_init
>          U hash_update
> 00000695 T itoa
> 0000065d T itoalen
>          U malloc
>          U memcpy
> 00000000 B next_precompute
> 000004d3 t pairing_apply
>          U pairing_init_inp_str
> 00001a29 T precompute_crypto
> 0000001a r __PRETTY_FUNCTION__.0
>          U printf
>          U stat
>          U strcpy
>          U strlen
> 00000004 B total_precompute
>
It's acting like you have specified the libraries in backwards order. 
Have you broken your gcc installation so that it can't find its include 
files, creating clutter in this echo?