c++/5692: g++ 2.96, ix86: (int)(x*y) result depends on statements near it like cout << endl

Thu Feb 14 12:36:00 GMT 2002

>Number:         5692
>Category:       c++
>Synopsis:       g++ 2.96, ix86: (int)(x*y) result depends on statements near it like cout << endl
>Confidential:   no
>Severity:       serious
>Priority:       medium
>Responsible:    unassigned
>State:          open
>Class:          sw-bug
>Submitter-Id:   net
>Arrival-Date:   Thu Feb 14 09:06:00 PST 2002
>Closed-Date:
>Last-Modified:
>Originator:     Yosef Kreinin
>Release:        gcc version 2.96 20000731 (Red Hat Linux 7.0)
>Organization:
>Environment:
OS - Red Hat Linux 7.0
CPU - ix86
>Description:
It's about (int)(x*y) for doubles x & y
being undefined, inconsistent between different compilations
and dependant on the way of computation and SURROUNDING
STATEMENTS.

IT'S NOT ABOUT PRECISE RESULTS, 
IT'S ABOUT CONSISTENT RESULTS!

I URGE YOU NOT TO IGNORE THIS BUG AT ONCE JUST BECAUSE IT'S
ABOUT DOUBLE COMPUTATIONS, WHICH ARE _ALWAYS_ INACCURATE,
AS YOU SEEM TO PROMISE AT YOUR WEB SITE.
THEY STILL MUST BE CONSISTENT AND NOT DEPENDANT ON THINGS
LIKE cout << endl; IN THE CODE!

The buggy code is in Bug1.cpp & Bug2.cpp, VERY SHORT
and only uses iostreams & standard C++.
The script RunBugs compiles the files with different options,
and runs the executables.

The 3 problems below (the third one is the most severe) occur in the
following case: we have two doubles, x & y, the product x*y is very
close to an integer (a common case when you get such pairs is
x = double(z)/y, where z is an integer). Obviously,
the result of (int)(x*y) is not defined well, but the following problems
are worse then just (int)(x*y) != z:

1. Multiplying 2 doubles, then casting the result to int in 1 expression gives a DIFFERENT result
   then multiplying 2 doubles, storing the result in a temporary and then casting
   the temporary to int.

2. When using -O6, the result is IDENTICAL - so, -O6 is inconsistent
   with normal compilation.

3. When the second operand is obtained by using an accessor function of an object,
   and compiling with -O6, inserting a print statement CHANGES the result,
   so the result with -O6 and accessor function is UNPREDICTABLE.

This seems to be hardware-dependant - for instance,
no problems at all occur on solaris and gcc 2.95.2.
But, how cout << endl; may change the result unless
it's a compiler problem?

THIS IS PRETTY SEVERE SINCE THE RESULT OF A SIMPLE
OPERATION MAY NOT EVEN BE INSPECTED BY printing IT.
>How-To-Repeat:
Run the csh script RunBugs from the tar file.
If you don't want to do it, run g++ like this:

g++ -o Bug1 Bug1.cpp
g++ -o Bug1O6 Bug1.cpp -O6
g++ -o Bug2O6 Bug2.cpp -O6
g++ -o Bug2O6PRINT Bug2.cpp -O6 -DPRINT

Run the executables, and you'll see (just as with running
RunBugs) the following:

Bug1 and Bug1O6 show that
the result of (int)(x*y) is different from 
double prod = x*y;
(int)(prod)
when NOT using -O6 and is the same when using -O6.
Thus, the code knows how it was compiled and prints
it to standard output.

Bug2O6 and Bug2O6PRINT show that
the result is dependant on inserting cout << endl
between double prod = x*y and the casting, in
a similar way.

Read the source (Bug1.cpp & Bug2.cpp)
- it's short, only uses <iostream>,
I don't think you need *.ii files, but those are in
ii.tar.bz2 together with .out files - g++ output
when invoked with the described options plus -v -save-temps.

I spent about a day tracking this down and about
5 hours generating this bug report, it's hard
to make standalone code showing such a strange problem.
So please mail me back the status of this report...
>Fix:
A fix for the cases when you suppose the product
to be near an integer is to add an epsilon
(with the sign of the product) to the temporary
holding the product, this seems to work. But
I suppose in some application that is not good
enough, and also noone would do so, the problem
is the results are INCONSISTENT! Consistensy
is more important an times then PRECISION, so
one might use (int)(x*y) without concerning
precision, but assuming it's consistent
(on THE SAME processor!...) like any other computation.
>Release-Note:
>Audit-Trail:
>Unformatted:
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