friends inside namespace
David J. Dooling
dooling@piglet.chem-eng.nwu.edu
Fri Feb 5 07:29:00 GMT 1999
Brief description: declaring a friend function/operator inside a
namespace and defining it outside the namespace (after a ``using''
directive) causes the compiler to think two functions with the same
signature have been created, one inside the namespace and one outside,
leading to an ambiguity. If you do not use a using directive and
fully qualify all functions/operators/classes, it compiles without
error.
Note: I am not 100% positive this is an error in the compiler since my
DEC C++ compiler (cxx 6.0-010) also got confused by this sequence of
events.
egcs version: gcc version egcs-2.91.60 19981201 (egcs-1.1.1 release)
architecture: alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d
configure options: --prefix=/usr/local/egcs
command line and output:
g++ -v --save-temps -g friend.cc
Reading specs from /usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/specs
gcc version egcs-2.91.60 19981201 (egcs-1.1.1 release)
/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/cpp -lang-c++ -v -undef -D__GNUC__=2 -D__GNUG__=2 -D__cplusplus -D__GNUC_MINOR__=91 -Dunix -D__osf__ -D_LONGLONG -DSYSTYPE_BSD -D_SYSTYPE_BSD -D__unix__ -D__osf__ -D_LONGLONG -D__SYSTYPE_BSD__ -D_SYSTYPE_BSD -D__unix -D__SYSTYPE_BSD -Asystem(unix) -Asystem(xpg4) -D__EXCEPTIONS -g -D__LANGUAGE_C_PLUS_PLUS__ -D__LANGUAGE_C_PLUS_PLUS -D__cplusplus -Acpu(alpha) -Amachine(alpha) -D__alpha -D__alpha__ -D__alpha_ev5__ -Acpu(ev5) -D__alpha_bwx__ -Acpu(bwx) friend.cc friend.ii
GNU CPP version egcs-2.91.60 19981201 (egcs-1.1.1 release)
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/local/egcs/include/g++
/usr/local/include
/usr/local/egcs/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/include
/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include
/usr/include
End of search list.
/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/cc1plus friend.ii -quiet -dumpbase friend.cc -g -version -o friend.s
GNU C++ version egcs-2.91.60 19981201 (egcs-1.1.1 release) (alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d) compiled by GNU C version egcs-2.91.60 19981201 (egcs-1.1.1 release).
friend.cc: In function `int main()':
friend.cc:22: ambiguous overload for `_IO_ostream_withassign & << ::N::X &'
friend.cc:15: candidates are: operator <<(ostream &, const ::N::X &)
friend.cc:9: operator <<(ostream &, const ::N::X &)
--- end output ---
here are the files (search ``==='' to get to next file)
files included (in order): friend.cc, friend.ii, friend.s
=== friend.cc ===
// test friend declaration in namespace
#include <iostream>
namespace N {
class X {
int i;
public:
X(int i_i) : i(i_i) {}
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const X& x);
};
}
using namespace N;
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const X& x)
{
return os << x.i;
}
main()
{
X x(7);
std::cout << x << std::endl;
}
=== friend.ii ===
# 1 "friend.cc"
# 1 "/usr/local/egcs/include/g++/iostream" 1 3
# 1 "/usr/local/egcs/include/g++/iostream.h" 1 3
#pragma interface
# 1 "/usr/local/egcs/include/g++/streambuf.h" 1 3
#pragma interface
extern "C" {
# 1 "/usr/local/egcs/include/g++/libio.h" 1 3
# 1 "/usr/local/egcs/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/include/_G_config.h" 1 3
typedef int _G_int8_t __attribute__((__mode__(__QI__)));
typedef unsigned int _G_uint8_t __attribute__((__mode__(__QI__)));
typedef int _G_int16_t __attribute__((__mode__(__HI__)));
typedef unsigned int _G_uint16_t __attribute__((__mode__(__HI__)));
typedef int _G_int32_t __attribute__((__mode__(__SI__)));
typedef unsigned int _G_uint32_t __attribute__((__mode__(__SI__)));
typedef int _G_int64_t __attribute__((__mode__(__DI__)));
typedef unsigned int _G_uint64_t __attribute__((__mode__(__DI__)));
__extension__ typedef long long _G_llong;
__extension__ typedef unsigned long long _G_ullong;
typedef int _G_clock_t;
typedef int _G_dev_t;
typedef long _G_fpos_t;
typedef unsigned int _G_gid_t;
typedef unsigned int _G_ino_t;
typedef unsigned int _G_mode_t;
typedef unsigned short _G_nlink_t;
typedef long _G_off_t;
typedef int _G_pid_t;
typedef long int _G_ptrdiff_t;
typedef unsigned long _G_sigset_t;
typedef long unsigned int _G_size_t;
typedef int _G_time_t;
typedef unsigned int _G_uid_t;
typedef unsigned int _G_wchar_t;
typedef long _G_ssize_t;
typedef unsigned int _G_wint_t;
# 1 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/stddef.h" 1 3
# 19 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/stddef.h" 3
# 61 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/stddef.h" 3
# 131 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/stddef.h" 3
# 190 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/stddef.h" 3
# 271 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/stddef.h" 3
# 283 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/stddef.h" 3
# 317 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/stddef.h" 3
# 88 "/usr/local/egcs/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/include/_G_config.h" 2 3
# 30 "/usr/local/egcs/include/g++/libio.h" 2 3
# 1 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/stdarg.h" 1 3
# 1 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/va-alpha.h" 1 3
typedef struct {
char *__base;
int __offset;
} __gnuc_va_list;
# 130 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/va-alpha.h" 3
# 36 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/stdarg.h" 2 3
# 126 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/stdarg.h" 3
# 202 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/stdarg.h" 3
# 50 "/usr/local/egcs/include/g++/libio.h" 2 3
# 104 "/usr/local/egcs/include/g++/libio.h" 3
struct _IO_jump_t; struct _IO_FILE;
# 174 "/usr/local/egcs/include/g++/libio.h" 3
typedef void _IO_lock_t;
struct _IO_marker {
struct _IO_marker *_next;
struct _IO_FILE *_sbuf;
int _pos;
# 207 "/usr/local/egcs/include/g++/libio.h" 3
};
struct _IO_FILE {
int _flags;
char* _IO_read_ptr;
char* _IO_read_end;
char* _IO_read_base;
char* _IO_write_base;
char* _IO_write_ptr;
char* _IO_write_end;
char* _IO_buf_base;
char* _IO_buf_end;
char *_IO_save_base;
char *_IO_backup_base;
char *_IO_save_end;
struct _IO_marker *_markers;
struct _IO_FILE *_chain;
int _fileno;
int _blksize;
_G_off_t _offset;
unsigned short _cur_column;
char _unused;
char _shortbuf[1];
};
struct _IO_FILE_plus;
extern struct _IO_FILE_plus _IO_stdin_, _IO_stdout_, _IO_stderr_;
typedef struct
{
_G_ssize_t (*read) (struct _IO_FILE *, void *, _G_ssize_t ) ;
_G_ssize_t (*write) (struct _IO_FILE *, const void *, _G_ssize_t ) ;
_G_fpos_t (*seek) (struct _IO_FILE *, _G_off_t , int) ;
int (*close) (struct _IO_FILE *) ;
} _IO_cookie_io_functions_t;
struct _IO_cookie_file
{
struct _IO_FILE file;
const void *vtable;
void *cookie;
_IO_cookie_io_functions_t io_functions;
};
extern "C" {
extern int __underflow (_IO_FILE *) ;
extern int __uflow (_IO_FILE *) ;
extern int __overflow (_IO_FILE *, int) ;
extern int _IO_getc (_IO_FILE *__fp) ;
extern int _IO_putc (int __c, _IO_FILE *__fp) ;
extern int _IO_feof (_IO_FILE *__fp) ;
extern int _IO_ferror (_IO_FILE *__fp) ;
extern int _IO_peekc_locked (_IO_FILE *__fp) ;
extern void _IO_flockfile (_IO_FILE *) ;
extern void _IO_funlockfile (_IO_FILE *) ;
extern int _IO_ftrylockfile (_IO_FILE *) ;
extern int _IO_vfscanf (_IO_FILE *, const char *, __gnuc_va_list , int *) ;
extern int _IO_vfprintf (_IO_FILE *, const char *, __gnuc_va_list ) ;
extern _G_ssize_t _IO_padn (_IO_FILE *, int, _G_ssize_t ) ;
extern _G_size_t _IO_sgetn (_IO_FILE *, void *, _G_size_t ) ;
extern _G_fpos_t _IO_seekoff (_IO_FILE *, _G_off_t , int, int) ;
extern _G_fpos_t _IO_seekpos (_IO_FILE *, _G_fpos_t , int) ;
extern void _IO_free_backup_area (_IO_FILE *) ;
}
# 36 "/usr/local/egcs/include/g++/streambuf.h" 2 3
}
# 1 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/stdarg.h" 1 3
# 1 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/va-alpha.h" 1 3
# 26 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/va-alpha.h" 3
# 47 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/va-alpha.h" 3
enum {
__no_type_class = -1,
__void_type_class,
__integer_type_class,
__char_type_class,
__enumeral_type_class,
__boolean_type_class,
__pointer_type_class,
__reference_type_class,
__offset_type_class,
__real_type_class,
__complex_type_class,
__function_type_class,
__method_type_class,
__record_type_class,
__union_type_class,
__array_type_class,
__string_type_class,
__set_type_class,
__file_type_class,
__lang_type_class
};
# 36 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/stdarg.h" 2 3
# 126 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/stdarg.h" 3
# 168 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/stdarg.h" 3
# 198 "/usr/local/egcs/lib/gcc-lib/alphaev56-dec-osf4.0d/egcs-2.91.60/include/stdarg.h" 3
# 40 "/usr/local/egcs/include/g++/streambuf.h" 2 3
extern "C++" {
class istream;
class ostream; class streambuf;
typedef _G_off_t streamoff;
typedef _G_fpos_t streampos;
typedef _G_ssize_t streamsize;
typedef unsigned long __fmtflags;
typedef unsigned char __iostate;
struct _ios_fields
{
streambuf *_strbuf;
ostream* _tie;
int _width;
__fmtflags _flags;
short _fill;
__iostate _state;
__iostate _exceptions;
int _precision;
void *_arrays;
};
# 124 "/usr/local/egcs/include/g++/streambuf.h" 3
class ios : public _ios_fields {
ios& operator=(ios&);
ios (const ios&);
public:
typedef __fmtflags fmtflags;
typedef int iostate;
typedef int openmode;
typedef int streamsize;
enum io_state {
goodbit = 0 ,
eofbit = 1 ,
failbit = 2 ,
badbit = 4 };
enum open_mode {
in = 1 ,
out = 2 ,
ate = 4 ,
app = 8 ,
trunc = 16 ,
nocreate = 32 ,
noreplace = 64 ,
bin = 128 ,
binary = 128 };
enum seek_dir { beg, cur, end};
typedef enum seek_dir seekdir;
enum { skipws= 01 ,
left= 02 , right= 04 , internal= 010 ,
dec= 020 , oct= 040 , hex= 0100 ,
showbase= 0200 , showpoint= 0400 ,
uppercase= 01000 , showpos= 02000 ,
scientific= 04000 , fixed= 010000 ,
unitbuf= 020000 , stdio= 040000
};
enum {
basefield=dec+oct+hex,
floatfield = scientific+fixed,
adjustfield = left+right+internal
};
# 177 "/usr/local/egcs/include/g++/streambuf.h" 3
ostream* tie() const { return _tie; }
ostream* tie(ostream* val) { ostream* save=_tie; _tie=val; return save; }
short fill() const { return _fill; }
short fill(short newf)
{short oldf = _fill; _fill = newf; return oldf;}
fmtflags flags() const { return _flags; }
fmtflags flags(fmtflags new_val) {
fmtflags old_val = _flags; _flags = new_val; return old_val; }
int precision() const { return _precision; }
int precision(int newp) {
unsigned short oldp = _precision; _precision = (unsigned short)newp;
return oldp; }
fmtflags setf(fmtflags val) {
fmtflags oldbits = _flags;
_flags |= val; return oldbits; }
fmtflags setf(fmtflags val, fmtflags mask) {
fmtflags oldbits = _flags;
_flags = (_flags & ~mask) | (val & mask); return oldbits; }
fmtflags unsetf(fmtflags mask) {
fmtflags oldbits = _flags;
_flags &= ~mask; return oldbits; }
int width() const { return _width; }
int width(int val) { int save = _width; _width = val; return save; }
void _throw_failure() const { }
void clear(iostate state = 0) {
_state = _strbuf ? state : state|badbit;
if (_state & _exceptions) _throw_failure(); }
void set(iostate flag) { _state |= flag;
if (_state & _exceptions) _throw_failure(); }
void setstate(iostate flag) { _state |= flag;
if (_state & _exceptions) _throw_failure(); }
int good() const { return _state == 0; }
int eof() const { return _state & ios::eofbit; }
int fail() const { return _state & (ios::badbit|ios::failbit); }
int bad() const { return _state & ios::badbit; }
iostate rdstate() const { return _state; }
operator void*() const { return fail() ? (void*)0 : (void*)(-1); }
int operator!() const { return fail(); }
iostate exceptions() const { return _exceptions; }
void exceptions(iostate enable) {
_exceptions = enable;
if (_state & _exceptions) _throw_failure(); }
streambuf* rdbuf() const { return _strbuf; }
streambuf* rdbuf(streambuf *_s) {
streambuf *_old = _strbuf; _strbuf = _s; clear (); return _old; }
static int sync_with_stdio(int on);
static void sync_with_stdio() { sync_with_stdio(1); }
static fmtflags bitalloc();
static int xalloc();
void*& pword(int);
void* pword(int) const;
long& iword(int);
long iword(int) const;
class Init {
public:
Init () { }
};
protected:
inline ios(streambuf* sb = 0, ostream* tie_to = 0);
inline virtual ~ios();
inline void init(streambuf* sb, ostream* tie = 0);
};
typedef ios::seek_dir _seek_dir;
class streammarker : private _IO_marker {
friend class streambuf;
void set_offset(int offset) { _pos = offset; }
public:
streammarker(streambuf *sb);
~streammarker();
int saving() { return 1; }
int delta(streammarker&);
int delta();
};
struct streambuf : public _IO_FILE {
friend class ios;
friend class istream;
friend class ostream;
friend class streammarker;
const void *&_vtable() { return *(const void**)((_IO_FILE*)this + 1); }
protected:
static streambuf* _list_all;
_IO_FILE*& xchain() { return _chain; }
void _un_link();
void _link_in();
char* gptr() const
{ return _flags & 0x100 ? _IO_save_base : _IO_read_ptr; }
char* pptr() const { return _IO_write_ptr; }
char* egptr() const
{ return _flags & 0x100 ? _IO_save_end : _IO_read_end; }
char* epptr() const { return _IO_write_end; }
char* pbase() const { return _IO_write_base; }
char* eback() const
{ return _flags & 0x100 ? _IO_save_base : _IO_read_base;}
char* base() const { return _IO_buf_base; }
char* ebuf() const { return _IO_buf_end; }
int blen() const { return _IO_buf_end - _IO_buf_base; }
void xput_char(char c) { *_IO_write_ptr++ = c; }
int xflags() { return _flags ; }
int xflags(int f) {int fl = _flags ; _flags = f; return fl;}
void xsetflags(int f) { _flags |= f; }
void xsetflags(int f, int mask)
{ _flags = (_flags & ~mask) | (f & mask); }
void gbump(int n)
{ _flags & 0x100 ? (_IO_save_base+=n):(_IO_read_ptr+=n);}
void pbump(int n) { _IO_write_ptr += n; }
void setb(char* b, char* eb, int a=0);
void setp(char* p, char* ep)
{ _IO_write_base=_IO_write_ptr=p; _IO_write_end=ep; }
void setg(char* eb, char* g, char *eg) {
if (_flags & 0x100 ) _IO_free_backup_area(this);
_IO_read_base = eb; _IO_read_ptr = g; _IO_read_end = eg; }
char *shortbuf() { return _shortbuf; }
int in_backup() { return _flags & 0x100 ; }
char *Gbase() { return in_backup() ? _IO_save_base : _IO_read_base; }
char *eGptr() { return in_backup() ? _IO_save_end : _IO_read_end; }
char *Bbase() { return in_backup() ? _IO_read_base : _IO_save_base; }
char *Bptr() { return _IO_backup_base; }
char *eBptr() { return in_backup() ? _IO_read_end : _IO_save_end; }
char *Nbase() { return _IO_save_base; }
char *eNptr() { return _IO_save_end; }
int have_backup() { return _IO_save_base != __null ; }
int have_markers() { return _markers != __null ; }
void free_backup_area();
void unsave_markers();
int put_mode() { return _flags & 0x800 ; }
int switch_to_get_mode();
streambuf(int flags=0);
public:
static int flush_all();
static void flush_all_linebuffered();
virtual ~streambuf();
virtual int overflow(int c = (-1) );
virtual int underflow();
virtual int uflow();
virtual int pbackfail(int c);
virtual streamsize xsputn(const char* s, streamsize n);
virtual streamsize xsgetn(char* s, streamsize n);
virtual streampos seekoff(streamoff, _seek_dir, int mode=ios::in|ios::out);
virtual streampos seekpos(streampos pos, int mode = ios::in|ios::out);
streampos pubseekoff(streamoff o, _seek_dir d, int mode=ios::in|ios::out)
{ return _IO_seekoff (this, o, d, mode); }
streampos pubseekpos(streampos pos, int mode = ios::in|ios::out)
{ return _IO_seekpos (this, pos, mode); }
streampos sseekoff(streamoff, _seek_dir, int mode=ios::in|ios::out);
streampos sseekpos(streampos pos, int mode = ios::in|ios::out);
virtual streambuf* setbuf(char* p, int len);
virtual int sync();
virtual int doallocate();
int seekmark(streammarker& mark, int delta = 0);
int sputbackc(char c);
int sungetc();
int unbuffered() { return _flags & 2 ? 1 : 0; }
int linebuffered() { return _flags & 0x200 ? 1 : 0; }
void unbuffered(int i)
{ if (i) _flags |= 2 ; else _flags &= ~2 ; }
void linebuffered(int i)
{ if (i) _flags |= 0x200 ; else _flags &= ~0x200 ; }
int allocate() {
if (base() || unbuffered()) return 0;
else return doallocate(); }
void allocbuf() { if (base() == __null ) doallocbuf(); }
void doallocbuf();
int in_avail() { return _IO_read_end - _IO_read_ptr; }
int out_waiting() { return _IO_write_ptr - _IO_write_base; }
streamsize sputn(const char* s, streamsize n) { return xsputn(s, n); }
streamsize padn(char pad, streamsize n) { return _IO_padn(this, pad, n); }
streamsize sgetn(char* s, streamsize n) { return _IO_sgetn(this, s, n); }
int ignore(int);
int get_column();
int set_column(int);
long sgetline(char* buf, _G_size_t n, char delim, int putback_delim);
int sputc(int c) { return _IO_putc(c, this); }
int sbumpc() { return _IO_getc(this); }
int sgetc() { return (( this )->_IO_read_ptr >= ( this )->_IO_read_end && __underflow ( this ) == (-1) ? (-1) : *(unsigned char *) ( this )->_IO_read_ptr) ; }
int snextc() {
if (_IO_read_ptr >= _IO_read_end && __underflow(this) == (-1) )
return (-1) ;
else return _IO_read_ptr++, sgetc(); }
void stossc() { if (_IO_read_ptr < _IO_read_end) _IO_read_ptr++; }
int vscan(char const *fmt0, __gnuc_va_list ap, ios* stream = __null );
int scan(char const *fmt0 ...);
int vform(char const *fmt0, __gnuc_va_list ap);
int form(char const *fmt0 ...);
virtual streamsize sys_read(char* buf, streamsize size);
virtual streamsize sys_write(const char*, streamsize);
virtual streampos sys_seek(streamoff, _seek_dir);
virtual int sys_close();
virtual int sys_stat(void*);
};
class filebuf : public streambuf {
protected:
void init();
public:
static const int openprot;
filebuf();
filebuf(int fd);
filebuf(int fd, char* p, int len);
~filebuf();
filebuf* attach(int fd);
filebuf* open(const char *filename, const char *mode);
filebuf* open(const char *filename, ios::openmode mode, int prot = 0664);
virtual int underflow();
virtual int overflow(int c = (-1) );
int is_open() const { return _fileno >= 0; }
int fd() const { return is_open() ? _fileno : (-1) ; }
filebuf* close();
virtual int doallocate();
virtual streampos seekoff(streamoff, _seek_dir, int mode=ios::in|ios::out);
virtual streambuf* setbuf(char* p, int len);
streamsize xsputn(const char* s, streamsize n);
streamsize xsgetn(char* s, streamsize n);
virtual int sync();
protected:
int is_reading() { return eback() != egptr(); }
char* cur_ptr() { return is_reading() ? gptr() : pptr(); }
char* file_ptr() { return eGptr(); }
virtual streamsize sys_read(char* buf, streamsize size);
virtual streampos sys_seek(streamoff, _seek_dir);
virtual streamsize sys_write(const char*, streamsize);
virtual int sys_stat(void*);
virtual int sys_close();
};
inline void ios::init(streambuf* sb, ostream* tie_to) {
_state = sb ? ios::goodbit : ios::badbit; _exceptions=0;
_strbuf=sb; _tie = tie_to; _width=0; _fill=' ';
_flags=ios::skipws|ios::dec;
_precision=6; _arrays = 0; }
inline ios::ios(streambuf* sb, ostream* tie_to) { init(sb, tie_to); }
inline ios::~ios() {
if (_arrays) delete [] _arrays;
}
}
# 31 "/usr/local/egcs/include/g++/iostream.h" 2 3
extern "C++" {
class istream; class ostream;
typedef ios& (*__manip)(ios&);
typedef istream& (*__imanip)(istream&);
typedef ostream& (*__omanip)(ostream&);
extern istream& ws(istream& ins);
extern ostream& flush(ostream& outs);
extern ostream& endl(ostream& outs);
extern ostream& ends(ostream& outs);
class ostream : virtual public ios
{
void do_osfx();
public:
ostream() { }
ostream(streambuf* sb, ostream* tied= __null );
int opfx() {
if (!good()) return 0;
else { if (_tie) _tie->flush(); ; return 1;} }
void osfx() { ;
if (flags() & (ios::unitbuf|ios::stdio))
do_osfx(); }
ostream& flush();
ostream& put(char c) { _strbuf->sputc(c); return *this; }
ostream& write(const char *s, streamsize n);
ostream& write(const unsigned char *s, streamsize n)
{ return write((const char*)s, n);}
ostream& write(const signed char *s, streamsize n)
{ return write((const char*)s, n);}
ostream& write(const void *s, streamsize n)
{ return write((const char*)s, n);}
ostream& seekp(streampos);
ostream& seekp(streamoff, _seek_dir);
streampos tellp();
ostream& form(const char *format ...);
ostream& vform(const char *format, __gnuc_va_list args);
ostream& operator<<(char c);
ostream& operator<<(unsigned char c) { return (*this) << (char)c; }
ostream& operator<<(signed char c) { return (*this) << (char)c; }
ostream& operator<<(const char *s);
ostream& operator<<(const unsigned char *s)
{ return (*this) << (const char*)s; }
ostream& operator<<(const signed char *s)
{ return (*this) << (const char*)s; }
ostream& operator<<(const void *p);
ostream& operator<<(int n);
ostream& operator<<(unsigned int n);
ostream& operator<<(long n);
ostream& operator<<(unsigned long n);
__extension__ ostream& operator<<(long long n);
__extension__ ostream& operator<<(unsigned long long n);
ostream& operator<<(short n) {return operator<<((int)n);}
ostream& operator<<(unsigned short n) {return operator<<((unsigned int)n);}
ostream& operator<<(bool b) { return operator<<((int)b); }
ostream& operator<<(double n);
ostream& operator<<(float n) { return operator<<((double)n); }
ostream& operator<<(long double n) { return operator<<((double)n); }
ostream& operator<<(__omanip func) { return (*func)(*this); }
ostream& operator<<(__manip func) {(*func)(*this); return *this;}
ostream& operator<<(streambuf*);
};
class istream : virtual public ios
{
protected:
_G_size_t _gcount;
int _skip_ws();
public:
istream(): _gcount (0) { }
istream(streambuf* sb, ostream*tied= __null );
istream& get(char* ptr, int len, char delim = '\n');
istream& get(unsigned char* ptr, int len, char delim = '\n')
{ return get((char*)ptr, len, delim); }
istream& get(char& c);
istream& get(unsigned char& c) { return get((char&)c); }
istream& getline(char* ptr, int len, char delim = '\n');
istream& getline(unsigned char* ptr, int len, char delim = '\n')
{ return getline((char*)ptr, len, delim); }
istream& get(signed char& c) { return get((char&)c); }
istream& get(signed char* ptr, int len, char delim = '\n')
{ return get((char*)ptr, len, delim); }
istream& getline(signed char* ptr, int len, char delim = '\n')
{ return getline((char*)ptr, len, delim); }
istream& read(char *ptr, streamsize n);
istream& read(unsigned char *ptr, streamsize n)
{ return read((char*)ptr, n); }
istream& read(signed char *ptr, streamsize n)
{ return read((char*)ptr, n); }
istream& read(void *ptr, streamsize n)
{ return read((char*)ptr, n); }
istream& get(streambuf& sb, char delim = '\n');
istream& gets(char **s, char delim = '\n');
int ipfx(int need = 0) {
if (!good()) { set(ios::failbit); return 0; }
else {
;
if (_tie && (need == 0 || rdbuf()->in_avail() < need)) _tie->flush();
if (!need && (flags() & ios::skipws)) return _skip_ws();
else return 1;
}
}
int ipfx0() {
if (!good()) { set(ios::failbit); return 0; }
else {
;
if (_tie) _tie->flush();
if (flags() & ios::skipws) return _skip_ws();
else return 1;
}
}
int ipfx1() {
if (!good()) { set(ios::failbit); return 0; }
else {
;
if (_tie && rdbuf()->in_avail() == 0) _tie->flush();
return 1;
}
}
void isfx() { ; }
int get() { if (!ipfx1()) return (-1) ;
else { int ch = _strbuf->sbumpc();
if (ch == (-1) ) set(ios::eofbit);
return ch;
} }
int peek();
_G_size_t gcount() { return _gcount; }
istream& ignore(int n=1, int delim = (-1) );
int sync ();
istream& seekg(streampos);
istream& seekg(streamoff, _seek_dir);
streampos tellg();
istream& putback(char ch) {
if (good() && _strbuf->sputbackc(ch) == (-1) ) clear(ios::badbit);
return *this;}
istream& unget() {
if (good() && _strbuf->sungetc() == (-1) ) clear(ios::badbit);
return *this;}
istream& scan(const char *format ...);
istream& vscan(const char *format, __gnuc_va_list args);
istream& operator>>(char*);
istream& operator>>(unsigned char* p) { return operator>>((char*)p); }
istream& operator>>(signed char*p) { return operator>>((char*)p); }
istream& operator>>(char& c);
istream& operator>>(unsigned char& c) {return operator>>((char&)c);}
istream& operator>>(signed char& c) {return operator>>((char&)c);}
istream& operator>>(int&);
istream& operator>>(long&);
__extension__ istream& operator>>(long long&);
__extension__ istream& operator>>(unsigned long long&);
istream& operator>>(short&);
istream& operator>>(unsigned int&);
istream& operator>>(unsigned long&);
istream& operator>>(unsigned short&);
istream& operator>>(bool&);
istream& operator>>(float&);
istream& operator>>(double&);
istream& operator>>(long double&);
istream& operator>>( __manip func) {(*func)(*this); return *this;}
istream& operator>>(__imanip func) { return (*func)(*this); }
istream& operator>>(streambuf*);
};
class iostream : public istream, public ostream
{
public:
iostream() { }
iostream(streambuf* sb, ostream*tied= __null );
};
class _IO_istream_withassign : public istream {
public:
_IO_istream_withassign& operator=(istream&);
_IO_istream_withassign& operator=(_IO_istream_withassign& rhs)
{ return operator= (static_cast<istream&> (rhs)); }
};
class _IO_ostream_withassign : public ostream {
public:
_IO_ostream_withassign& operator=(ostream&);
_IO_ostream_withassign& operator=(_IO_ostream_withassign& rhs)
{ return operator= (static_cast<ostream&> (rhs)); }
};
extern _IO_istream_withassign cin;
extern _IO_ostream_withassign cout, cerr;
extern _IO_ostream_withassign clog
__asm__ ("__IO_clog")
;
extern istream& lock(istream& ins);
extern istream& unlock(istream& ins);
extern ostream& lock(ostream& outs);
extern ostream& unlock(ostream& outs);
struct Iostream_init { } ;
inline ios& dec(ios& i)
{ i.setf(ios::dec, ios::dec|ios::hex|ios::oct); return i; }
inline ios& hex(ios& i)
{ i.setf(ios::hex, ios::dec|ios::hex|ios::oct); return i; }
inline ios& oct(ios& i)
{ i.setf(ios::oct, ios::dec|ios::hex|ios::oct); return i; }
}
# 6 "/usr/local/egcs/include/g++/iostream" 2 3
# 2 "friend.cc" 2
namespace N {
class X {
int i;
public:
X(int i_i) : i(i_i) {}
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const X& x);
};
}
using namespace N;
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const X& x)
{
return os << x.i;
}
main()
{
X x(7);
std::cout << x << std::endl;
}
=== friend.s ===
.verstamp 3 11
.set noreorder
.set volatile
.set noat
.arch ev56
.file 1 "friend.cc"
#@stabs
#.stabs "/carol/home/dooling/progs/c++/",100,0,0,$Ltext0
#.stabs "friend.cc",100,0,0,$Ltext0
.text
$Ltext0:
#.stabs "int:t1=r1;-2147483648;2147483647;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "char:t2=r2;0;127;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "long int:t3=r1;001000000000000000000000;000777777777777777777777;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "unsigned int:t4=r4;0;4294967295;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "long unsigned int:t5=r1;000000000000000000000000;001777777777777777777777;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "long long int:t6=r1;001000000000000000000000;000777777777777777777777;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "long long unsigned int:t7=r1;000000000000000000000000;001777777777777777777777;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "short int:t8=r8;-32768;32767;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "short unsigned int:t9=r9;0;65535;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "signed char:t10=r10;-128;127;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "unsigned char:t11=r11;0;255;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "float:t12=r1;4;0;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "double:t13=r1;8;0;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "long double:t14=r1;8;0;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "complex int:t15=s8real:1,0,32;imag:1,32,32;;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "complex float:t16=r16;4;0;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "complex double:t17=r17;8;0;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "complex long double:t18=r18;8;0;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "bool:t19=@s64;-16;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "void:t20=20",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "__wchar_t:t21=r21;0;4294967295;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "__vtbl_ptr_type:t22=s16__delta:8,0,16;__index:8,16,16;__pfn:23=*20,64,64;__delta2:8,64,16;;",128,0,0,0
#.stabs "_G_int8_t:t24=10",128,0,12,0
#.stabs "_G_uint8_t:t25=11",128,0,13,0
#.stabs "_G_int16_t:t26=8",128,0,14,0
#.stabs "_G_uint16_t:t27=9",128,0,15,0
#.stabs "_G_int32_t:t28=1",128,0,16,0
#.stabs "_G_uint32_t:t29=4",128,0,17,0
#.stabs "_G_int64_t:t30=3",128,0,18,0
#.stabs "_G_uint64_t:t31=5",128,0,19,0
#.stabs "_G_llong:t32=6",128,0,21,0
#.stabs "_G_ullong:t33=7",128,0,22,0
#.stabs "_G_clock_t:t34=1",128,0,31,0
#.stabs "_G_dev_t:t35=1",128,0,32,0
#.stabs "_G_fpos_t:t36=3",128,0,33,0
#.stabs "_G_gid_t:t37=4",128,0,34,0
#.stabs "_G_ino_t:t38=4",128,0,35,0
#.stabs "_G_mode_t:t39=4",128,0,36,0
#.stabs "_G_nlink_t:t40=9",128,0,37,0
#.stabs "_G_off_t:t41=3",128,0,38,0
#.stabs "_G_pid_t:t42=1",128,0,39,0
#.stabs "_G_ptrdiff_t:t43=3",128,0,43,0
#.stabs "_G_sigset_t:t44=5",128,0,44,0
#.stabs "_G_size_t:t45=5",128,0,48,0
#.stabs "_G_time_t:t46=1",128,0,49,0
#.stabs "_G_uid_t:t47=4",128,0,50,0
#.stabs "_G_wchar_t:t48=4",128,0,51,0
#.stabs "_G_ssize_t:t49=3",128,0,67,0
#.stabs "_G_wint_t:t50=4",128,0,68,0
#.stabs "__gnuc_va_list:t51=s16__base:52=*2,0,64;__offset:1,64,32;__as::53=#51,54=&51,55=*51,56=&57=s16__base:52,0,64;__offset:1,64,32;__as::53:__as__3$_0RC3$_0;2A.;$_0::58=#51,55,55,56,20;:__3$_0RC3$_0;2A.59=#51,55,55,20;:__3$_0;2A.;;,20;:__as__3$_0RC3$_0;2A.;$_0::58:__3$_0RC3$_0;2A.59:__3$_0;2A.;;",128,0,23,0
#.stabs "_IO_lock_t:t60=20",128,0,183,0
#.stabs "_IO_marker:Tt61=s24_next:62=*61,0,64;_sbuf:63=*64=xs_IO_FILE:,64,64;_pos:1,128,32;__as::65=##66=&61;:RC10_IO_marker;2A.;_IO_marker::67=##62;:RC10_IO_marker;2A.68=##62;:;2A.;;",128,0,208,0
#.stabs "_IO_FILE:Tt64=s136_flags:1,0,32;_IO_read_ptr:52,64,64;_IO_read_end:52,128,64;_IO_read_base:52,192,64;_IO_write_base:52,256,64;_IO_write_ptr:52,320,64;_IO_write_end:52,384,64;_IO_buf_base:52,448,64;_IO_buf_end:52,512,64;_IO_save_base:52,576,64;_IO_backup_base:52,640,64;_IO_save_end:52,704,64;_markers:62,768,64;_chain:63,832,64;_fileno:1,896,32;_blksize:1,928,32;_offset:41,960,64;_cur_column:9,1024,16;_unused:2,1040,8;_shortbuf:69=ar1;0;0;2,1048,8;__as::70=##71=&64;:RC8_IO_FILE;2A.;_IO_FILE::72=##63;:RC8_IO_FILE;2A.73=##63;:;2A.;;",128,0,256,0
#.stabs "_IO_cookie_io_functions_t:t74=s32read:75=*76=f49,0,64;write:77=*78=f49,64,64;seek:79=*80=f36,128,64;close:81=*82=f1,192,64;__as::83=#74,84=&74,85=*74,86=&87=s32read:75,0,64;write:77,64,64;seek:79,128,64;close:81,192,64;__as::83:__as__3$_1RC3$_1;2A.;$_1::88=#74,85,85,86,20;:__3$_1RC3$_1;2A.89=#74,85,85,20;:__3$_1;2A.;;,20;:__as__3$_1RC3$_1;2A.;$_1::88:__3$_1RC3$_1;2A.89:__3$_1;2A.;;",128,0,282,0
#.stabs "_IO_cookie_file:Tt90=s184file:64,0,1088;vtable:91=*20,1088,64;cookie:23,1152,64;io_functions:74,1216,256;__as::92=##93=&90;:RC15_IO_cookie_file;2A.;_IO_cookie_file::94=##95=*90;:RC15_IO_cookie_file;2A.96=##95;:;2A.;;",128,0,291,0
#.stabs "streamoff:t97=41",128,0,77,0
#.stabs "streampos:t98=36",128,0,78,0
#.stabs "streamsize:t99=49",128,0,80,0
#.stabs "__fmtflags:t100=5",128,0,82,0
#.stabs "__iostate:t101=11",128,0,83,0
#.stabs "io_state:t102=egoodbit:0,eofbit:1,failbit:2,badbit:4,;",128,0,135,0
#.stabs "open_mode:t103=ein:1,out:2,ate:4,app:8,trunc:16,nocreate:32,noreplace:64,bin:128,binary:128,;",128,0,140,0
#.stabs "seek_dir:t104=ebeg:0,cur:1,end:2,;",128,0,149,0
#.stabs "_seek_dir:t105=104",128,0,265,0
#.stabs "__manip:t106=107=*108=f109=&110=xsios:",128,0,35,0
#.stabs "__imanip:t111=112=*113=f114=&115=xsistream:",128,0,36,0
#.stabs "__omanip:t116=117=*118=f119=&120=xsostream:",128,0,37,0
#.stabs "X:Tt121=s4i:/01,0,32;__as::122=##123=&121;:Q21N1XRCQ21N1X;2A.;X::124=##125=*121;:__Q21N1XRCQ21N1X;2A.126=##125;:__Q21N1Xi;2A.;;",128,0,10,0
.align 5
.globl __ls__FR7ostreamRCQ21N1X
.ent __ls__FR7ostreamRCQ21N1X
__ls__FR7ostreamRCQ21N1X:
.frame $15,32,$26,0
.mask 0x4008000,-32
ldgp $29,0($27)
$__ls__FR7ostreamRCQ21N1X..ng:
$LM1:
#.stabn 68,0,15,$LM1
subq $30,32,$30
stq $26,0($30)
stq $15,8($30)
bis $30,$30,$15
.prologue 1
stq $16,16($15)
stq $17,24($15)
$LM2:
#.stabn 68,0,15,$LM2
$LBB2:
$LM3:
#.stabn 68,0,16,$LM3
ldq $1,24($15)
ldl $2,0($1)
ldq $16,16($15)
bis $2,$2,$17
jsr $26,__ls__7ostreami
ldgp $29,0($26)
bis $0,$0,$1
bis $1,$1,$0
br $31,$L288
$LBE2:
$LM4:
#.stabn 68,0,17,$LM4
$L288:
bis $15,$15,$30
ldq $26,0($30)
ldq $15,8($30)
addq $30,32,$30
ret $31,($26),1
.end __ls__FR7ostreamRCQ21N1X
#.stabs "__ls__FR7ostreamRCQ21N1X:F119",36,0,15,__ls__FR7ostreamRCQ21N1X
#.stabs "os:p119",160,0,15,32
#.stabs "x:p127=&121",160,0,15,40
#.stabn 192,0,0,$LBB2
#.stabn 224,0,0,$LBE2
.align 5
.globl main
.ent main
main:
.frame $15,32,$26,0
.mask 0x4008000,-32
ldgp $29,0($27)
$main..ng:
$LM5:
#.stabn 68,0,20,$LM5
subq $30,32,$30
stq $26,0($30)
stq $15,8($30)
bis $30,$30,$15
.prologue 1
$LM6:
#.stabn 68,0,20,$LM6
$LBB3:
$LM7:
#.stabn 68,0,21,$LM7
addq $15,16,$16
bis $31,7,$17
jsr $26,__Q21N1Xi
ldgp $29,0($26)
$LM8:
#.stabn 68,0,22,$LM8
$LBE3:
bis $31,$31,$0
br $31,$L289
$LM9:
#.stabn 68,0,23,$LM9
$L289:
bis $15,$15,$30
ldq $26,0($30)
ldq $15,8($30)
addq $30,32,$30
ret $31,($26),1
.end main
#.stabs "main:F1",36,0,20,main
#.stabs "x:121",128,0,21,-16
#.stabn 192,0,0,$LBB3
#.stabn 224,0,0,$LBE3
.align 5
.ent __Q21N1Xi
__Q21N1Xi:
.frame $15,16,$26,0
.mask 0x4008000,-16
$__Q21N1Xi..ng:
$LM10:
#.stabn 68,0,8,$LM10
subq $30,16,$30
stq $26,0($30)
stq $15,8($30)
bis $30,$30,$15
.prologue 0
bis $16,$16,$2
bis $17,$17,$1
$LM11:
#.stabn 68,0,8,$LM11
stl $1,0($2)
$LBB4:
$LBE4:
$L287:
bis $2,$2,$0
br $31,$L286
$LM12:
#.stabn 68,0,8,$LM12
$L286:
bis $15,$15,$30
ldq $26,0($30)
ldq $15,8($30)
addq $30,16,$30
ret $31,($26),1
.end __Q21N1Xi
#.stabs "__Q21N1Xi:f125",36,0,8,__Q21N1Xi
#.stabs "this:P125",64,0,8,2
#.stabs "i_i:P1",64,0,8,1
#.stabn 192,0,0,$LBB4
#.stabn 224,0,0,$LBE4
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