Hello there, On Linux/ Alpha, with egcs-980816 -ansi -pedantic, no error was found for the following code. struct A { }; struct B : private A {}; B b; A* pa = (A *) &b; // should fail here, according to 15.3.2 of Stroustrup 3. Top of page 406 in my copy of Stroustrup 3. Regards David C Binderman MSc BSc +44 1293 534847 dcb@pncl.co.uk