[PATCH v4] algol68: Add allocation function for leaf objects

Pietro Monteiro pietro@sociotechnical.xyz
Fri Jan 16 02:43:15 GMT 2026


Boehm GC has a malloc_atomic function that doesn't clear the new
allocation and doesn't scan it for pointers.

Add a wrapper for the GC malloc_atomic in the run-time library and use it to
allocate GC-collectable strings in the library.

Change the lowering of malloc on the front end to select the run-time GC malloc
function to be used based on the mode having pointers or not.  Use leaf
allocations for modes that are not refs or that don't contain refs.

A boolean `has_refs' member was added to MOID_T and the computation of the
atrribute is done by the parser when generating the mode list.

gcc/algol68/ChangeLog:

	* a68-low-clauses.cc (a68_lower_collateral_clause): Update
	call to a68_lower_alloca.
	* a68-low-coercions.cc (a68_lower_widening): Likewise.
	* a68-low-generator.cc (allocator_t): Adjust typedef.
	(fill_in_buffer): Adjust call to allocator.
	(gen_mode): Likewise.
	* a68-low-multiples.cc (a68_row_malloc): Change type parameter to MOID_T
	from tree. Adjust call to a68_lower_malloc.
	* a68-low-posix.cc (a68_posix_fgets): Adjust call to a68_row_malloc.
	(a68_posix_gets): Likewise.
	* a68-low-runtime.def (MALLOC_LEAF): Add definition for
	_libga68_malloc_leaf.
	* a68-low-strings.cc (a68_string_concat): Adjust call to
	a68_lower_malloc.
	(a68_string_from_char): Likewise.
	* a68-low-units.cc (a68_lower_slice): Likewise.
	* a68-low.cc (a68_low_dup): Adjust calls to a68_lower_malloc
	and a68_lower_alloca.
	(a68_lower_alloca): Change type parameter to MOID_T from tree.
	(a68_lower_malloc): Likewise. Use _libga68_malloc_leaf if the MOID_T
	doesn't have refs, use _libga68_malloc otherwise.
	* a68-parser-modes.cc (a68_create_mode): Set has_refs on the new mode.
	(is_mode_has_ref): New function.
	(compute_derived_modes): Set has_refs on the chain of modes.
	* a68-parser.cc (a68_new_moid):
	* a68-types.h (struct MOID_T): Add member `has_refs`.
	(HAS_REFS): New macro.
	* a68.h (a68_row_malloc): Update prototype.
	(a68_lower_alloca): Likewise.
	(a68_lower_malloc): Likewise.

libga68/ChangeLog:

	* ga68-alloc.c (_libga68_malloc_leaf): New function.
	* ga68-posix.c (_libga68_posixfgets): Use _libga68_malloc_leaf
	instead of _libga68_malloc.
	* ga68-unistr.c (_libga68_u32_to_u8): Likewise.
	(_libga68_u8_to_u32): Likewise.
	* ga68.h (_libga68_malloc_leaf): New prototype.
	* ga68.map: Add _libga68_malloc_leaf to the global map.

gcc/algol68/ChangeLog:

	* a68-low-clauses.cc (a68_lower_collateral_clause):
	* a68-low-coercions.cc (a68_lower_widening):
	* a68-low-generator.cc (fill_in_buffer):
	(gen_mode):
	* a68-low-multiples.cc (a68_row_malloc):
	* a68-low-posix.cc (a68_posix_fgets):
	(a68_posix_gets):
	* a68-low-runtime.def (MALLOC_LEAF):
	* a68-low-strings.cc (a68_string_concat):
	(a68_string_from_char):
	* a68-low-units.cc (a68_lower_slice):
	* a68-low.cc (a68_low_dup):
	(a68_lower_alloca):
	(a68_lower_malloc):
	* a68-parser-modes.cc (a68_create_mode):
	(is_mode_has_ref):
	(compute_derived_modes):
	* a68-parser.cc (a68_new_moid):
	* a68-types.h (struct KEYWORD_T):
	(struct MOID_T):
	(HAS_REFS):
	* a68.h (a68_row_malloc):
	(a68_lower_alloca):
	(a68_lower_malloc):

libga68/ChangeLog:

	* ga68-alloc.c (_libga68_malloc_leaf):
	* ga68-posix.c (_libga68_posixfgets):
	* ga68-unistr.c (_libga68_u32_to_u8):
	(_libga68_u8_to_u32):
	* ga68.h (_libga68_malloc_leaf):
	* ga68.map:

Signed-off-by: Pietro Monteiro <pietro@sociotechnical.xyz>
---
 gcc/algol68/a68-low-clauses.cc   |  3 ++-
 gcc/algol68/a68-low-coercions.cc |  2 +-
 gcc/algol68/a68-low-generator.cc |  6 +++---
 gcc/algol68/a68-low-multiples.cc |  5 +++--
 gcc/algol68/a68-low-posix.cc     |  4 ++--
 gcc/algol68/a68-low-runtime.def  |  1 +
 gcc/algol68/a68-low-strings.cc   |  4 ++--
 gcc/algol68/a68-low-units.cc     |  2 +-
 gcc/algol68/a68-low.cc           | 20 ++++++++++++-------
 gcc/algol68/a68-parser-modes.cc  | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 gcc/algol68/a68-parser.cc        |  1 +
 gcc/algol68/a68-types.h          |  6 +++++-
 gcc/algol68/a68.h                |  8 ++++----
 libga68/ga68-alloc.c             | 15 ++++++++++++++
 libga68/ga68-posix.c             |  4 ++--
 libga68/ga68-unistr.c            |  8 ++++----
 libga68/ga68.h                   |  1 +
 libga68/ga68.map                 |  1 +
 18 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gcc/algol68/a68-low-clauses.cc b/gcc/algol68/a68-low-clauses.cc
index 20ab22929bc..26607d7f422 100644
--- a/gcc/algol68/a68-low-clauses.cc
+++ b/gcc/algol68/a68-low-clauses.cc
@@ -1246,6 +1246,7 @@ a68_lower_collateral_clause (NODE_T *p ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
 		  tree sub_multiple_elements = a68_multiple_elements (sub_multiple);
 		  tree elements_pointer_type = TREE_TYPE (sub_multiple_elements);
 		  tree elements_type = TREE_TYPE (elements_pointer_type);
+		  MOID_T *elements_moid = a68_type_moid (elements_type);
 		  multiple_elements_size = fold_build2 (MULT_EXPR, sizetype,
 							     size_int (num_units),
 							     size_in_bytes (elements_type));
@@ -1254,7 +1255,7 @@ a68_lower_collateral_clause (NODE_T *p ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
 							a68_multiple_num_elems (sub_multiple));
 		  multiple_elements = a68_lower_tmpvar ("multiple_elements%",
 							elements_pointer_type,
-							a68_lower_alloca (elements_type,
+							a68_lower_alloca (elements_moid,
 									  multiple_elements_size));
 
 		  /* We can also now calculate the bounds of the new multiple.
diff --git a/gcc/algol68/a68-low-coercions.cc b/gcc/algol68/a68-low-coercions.cc
index b9e1acee9ce..3941917223f 100644
--- a/gcc/algol68/a68-low-coercions.cc
+++ b/gcc/algol68/a68-low-coercions.cc
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ a68_lower_widening (NODE_T *p, LOW_CTX_T ctx)
       /* First allocate space for the elements.  */
       tree elements = a68_lower_tmpvar ("elements%",
 					pointer_to_bool_type,
-					a68_lower_alloca (a68_bool_type,
+					a68_lower_alloca (M_BOOL,
 							  fold_build2 (MULT_EXPR,
 								       sizetype,
 								       size_int (bits_size),
diff --git a/gcc/algol68/a68-low-generator.cc b/gcc/algol68/a68-low-generator.cc
index 5c4d65569b3..e321b7d5ec2 100644
--- a/gcc/algol68/a68-low-generator.cc
+++ b/gcc/algol68/a68-low-generator.cc
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 #include "a68.h"
 
 
-typedef tree (*allocator_t) (tree, tree);
+typedef tree (*allocator_t) (MOID_T*, tree);
 
 /* Lower to code that fill in BOUNDS and elements pointers in the given buffer
    pointed by BUFFER at offset OFFSET according to the mode MODE, and evals to
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ fill_in_buffer (tree buffer, tree offset, tree_stmt_iterator *bounds, MOID_T *m,
       MOID_T *elem_mode = SUB (m);
       tree elem_size = fold_convert (sizetype, size_in_bytes (CTYPE (elem_mode)));
       tree elems_size = save_expr (fold_build2 (MULT_EXPR, sizetype, elem_size, num_elems));
-      tree elemsptr = (*allocator) (CTYPE (elem_mode), elems_size);
+      tree elemsptr = (*allocator) (elem_mode, elems_size);
       elemsptr = save_expr (elemsptr);
 
       /* And initialize them.  */
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ static tree
 gen_mode (MOID_T *m, tree_stmt_iterator *bounds, allocator_t allocator)
 {
   /* Allocate space for the value and fill it.  */
-  tree buffer = (*allocator) (CTYPE (m), size_in_bytes (CTYPE (m)));
+  tree buffer = (*allocator) (m, size_in_bytes (CTYPE (m)));
   buffer = save_expr (buffer);
   return fill_in_buffer (buffer, size_zero_node, bounds, m, allocator);
 }
diff --git a/gcc/algol68/a68-low-multiples.cc b/gcc/algol68/a68-low-multiples.cc
index 572162e30ac..bcaa4c28074 100644
--- a/gcc/algol68/a68-low-multiples.cc
+++ b/gcc/algol68/a68-low-multiples.cc
@@ -1074,16 +1074,17 @@ a68_multiple_bounds_check_equal (NODE_T *p, tree m1, tree m2)
    *LOWER_BOUND and *UPPER_BOUND are the bounds for the DIM dimensions.  */
 
 tree
-a68_row_malloc (tree type, int dim, tree elems, tree elems_size,
+a68_row_malloc (MOID_T *m, int dim, tree elems, tree elems_size,
 		tree *lower_bound, tree *upper_bound)
 {
+  tree type = CTYPE (m);
   tree ptr_to_type = build_pointer_type (type);
 
   a68_push_range (NULL);
 
   /* Allocate space for the descriptor.  */
   tree ptr_to_multiple = a68_lower_tmpvar ("ptr_to_multiple%", ptr_to_type,
-					   a68_lower_malloc (type, size_in_bytes (type)));
+					   a68_lower_malloc (m, size_in_bytes (type)));
   tree multiple = a68_row_value (type, dim,
 				 elems, elems_size,
 				 lower_bound, upper_bound);
diff --git a/gcc/algol68/a68-low-posix.cc b/gcc/algol68/a68-low-posix.cc
index 1a9d5eb1b63..c0fd947fdb4 100644
--- a/gcc/algol68/a68-low-posix.cc
+++ b/gcc/algol68/a68-low-posix.cc
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ a68_posix_fgets (void)
       tree upper_bound = fold_convert (ssizetype, len);
       tree elems_size = fold_build2 (MULT_EXPR, sizetype,
 				     len, size_in_bytes (a68_char_type));
-      tree body = a68_row_malloc (CTYPE (M_STRING), 1 /* dim */,
+      tree body = a68_row_malloc (M_STRING, 1 /* dim */,
 				  elems, elems_size,
 				  &lower_bound, &upper_bound);
       a68_pop_function_range (body);
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ a68_posix_gets (void)
       tree upper_bound = fold_convert (ssizetype, len);
       tree elems_size = fold_build2 (MULT_EXPR, sizetype,
 				     len, size_in_bytes (a68_char_type));
-      tree body = a68_row_malloc (CTYPE (M_STRING), 1 /* dim */,
+      tree body = a68_row_malloc (M_STRING, 1 /* dim */,
 				  elems, elems_size,
 				  &lower_bound, &upper_bound);
       a68_pop_function_range (body);
diff --git a/gcc/algol68/a68-low-runtime.def b/gcc/algol68/a68-low-runtime.def
index ecb8553238d..326e4d00bc9 100644
--- a/gcc/algol68/a68-low-runtime.def
+++ b/gcc/algol68/a68-low-runtime.def
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
 
 DEF_A68_RUNTIME (ASSERT, "_libga68_assert", RT(VOID), P2(CONSTCHARPTR, UINT), ECF_NORETURN)
 DEF_A68_RUNTIME (MALLOC, "_libga68_malloc", RT(VOIDPTR), P1(SIZE), ECF_NOTHROW | ECF_LEAF | ECF_MALLOC)
+DEF_A68_RUNTIME (MALLOC_LEAF, "_libga68_malloc_leaf", RT(VOIDPTR), P1(SIZE), ECF_NOTHROW | ECF_LEAF | ECF_MALLOC)
 DEF_A68_RUNTIME (DEREFNIL, "_libga68_derefnil", RT(VOID), P2(CONSTCHARPTR, UINT), ECF_NORETURN)
 DEF_A68_RUNTIME (UNREACHABLE, "_libga68_unreachable", RT(VOID), P2(CONSTCHARPTR, UINT), ECF_NORETURN)
 DEF_A68_RUNTIME (INVALIDCHARERROR, "_libga68_invalidcharerror", RT(VOID), P3(CONSTCHARPTR,UINT,INT), ECF_NORETURN)
diff --git a/gcc/algol68/a68-low-strings.cc b/gcc/algol68/a68-low-strings.cc
index f5822037e33..5af83bf944d 100644
--- a/gcc/algol68/a68-low-strings.cc
+++ b/gcc/algol68/a68-low-strings.cc
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ a68_string_concat (tree str1, tree str2)
 					size_in_bytes (a68_char_type),
 					num_elems);
       tree elements = a68_lower_tmpvar ("elements%", char_pointer_type,
-					a68_lower_malloc (a68_char_type, elements_size));
+					a68_lower_malloc (M_CHAR, elements_size));
 
       /* Copy elements.  */
       tree to_index = a68_lower_tmpvar ("to_index%", sizetype, size_zero_node);
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ a68_string_from_char (tree c)
   a68_push_range (M_STRING);
 
   tree elements = a68_lower_tmpvar ("elements%", char_pointer_type,
-				    a68_lower_malloc (a68_char_type,
+				    a68_lower_malloc (M_CHAR,
 						      size_one_node));
   a68_add_stmt (fold_build2 (MODIFY_EXPR,
 			     void_type_node,
diff --git a/gcc/algol68/a68-low-units.cc b/gcc/algol68/a68-low-units.cc
index 9802468873b..caaa5bb27ac 100644
--- a/gcc/algol68/a68-low-units.cc
+++ b/gcc/algol68/a68-low-units.cc
@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ a68_lower_slice (NODE_T *p, LOW_CTX_T ctx)
 	{
 	  tree ptrtype = CTYPE (orig_sliced_multiple_mode);
 	  tree slice_addr = fold_build1 (ADDR_EXPR, ptrtype, slice);
-	  tree alloc = a68_lower_malloc (ptrtype, size_in_bytes (TREE_TYPE (slice)));
+	  tree alloc = a68_lower_malloc (orig_sliced_multiple_mode, size_in_bytes (TREE_TYPE (slice)));
 	  alloc = save_expr (alloc);
 	  tree copy = a68_lower_memcpy (alloc, slice_addr, size_in_bytes (TREE_TYPE (slice)));
 
diff --git a/gcc/algol68/a68-low.cc b/gcc/algol68/a68-low.cc
index ac603ef13e7..c24c9df73bf 100644
--- a/gcc/algol68/a68-low.cc
+++ b/gcc/algol68/a68-low.cc
@@ -741,12 +741,14 @@ a68_low_dup (tree expr, bool use_heap)
       tree element_pointer_type = TREE_TYPE (elements);
       tree element_type = TREE_TYPE (element_pointer_type);
       tree new_elements_size = save_expr (a68_multiple_elements_size (expr));
+      tree new_elements_type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (elements));
+      MOID_T *new_elements_moid = a68_type_moid (new_elements_type);
       tree new_elements = a68_lower_tmpvar ("new_elements%",
 					    TREE_TYPE (elements),
 					    (use_heap
-					     ? a68_lower_malloc (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (elements)),
+					     ? a68_lower_malloc (new_elements_moid,
 								 new_elements_size)
-					     : a68_lower_alloca (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (elements)),
+					     : a68_lower_alloca (new_elements_moid,
 								 new_elements_size)));
 
       /* Then copy the elements.
@@ -1110,8 +1112,9 @@ a68_lower_memcpy (tree dst, tree src, tree size)
    pointer to it.  */
 
 tree
-a68_lower_alloca (tree type, tree size)
+a68_lower_alloca (MOID_T *m, tree size)
 {
+  tree type = CTYPE (m);
   tree call = builtin_decl_explicit (BUILT_IN_ALLOCA_WITH_ALIGN);
   call = build_call_expr_loc (UNKNOWN_LOCATION, call, 2,
 			      size,
@@ -1121,14 +1124,17 @@ a68_lower_alloca (tree type, tree size)
 }
 
 
-/* Build a tree that allocates SIZE bytes on the heap and returns a *TYPE
-   pointer to it.  */
+/* Build a tree that allocates SIZE bytes on the heap and returns a pointer to
+   a tree with type equivalent to mode M.  */
 
 tree
-a68_lower_malloc (tree type, tree size)
+a68_lower_malloc (MOID_T *m, tree size)
 {
+  tree type = CTYPE (m);
+  a68_libcall_fn libcall
+    = (HAS_REFS (m) || IS_REF (m)) ? A68_LIBCALL_MALLOC_LEAF : A68_LIBCALL_MALLOC;
   return fold_convert (build_pointer_type (type),
-		       a68_build_libcall (A68_LIBCALL_MALLOC, ptr_type_node,
+		       a68_build_libcall (libcall, ptr_type_node,
 					  1, size));
 }
 
diff --git a/gcc/algol68/a68-parser-modes.cc b/gcc/algol68/a68-parser-modes.cc
index 6b96fa2033b..14efdb695a4 100644
--- a/gcc/algol68/a68-parser-modes.cc
+++ b/gcc/algol68/a68-parser-modes.cc
@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ a68_create_mode (int att, int dim, NODE_T *node, MOID_T *sub, PACK_T *pack)
   DIM (new_mode) = dim;
   NODE (new_mode) = node;
   HAS_ROWS (new_mode) = (att == ROW_SYMBOL);
+  HAS_REFS (new_mode) = (att == REF_SYMBOL);
   SUB (new_mode) = sub;
   PACK (new_mode) = pack;
   NEXT (new_mode) = NO_MOID;
@@ -1033,6 +1034,35 @@ is_mode_has_row (MOID_T *m)
     return (HAS_ROWS (m) || IS_ROW (m) || IS_FLEX (m));
 }
 
+/* Whether mode has ref.  */
+
+static bool
+is_mode_has_ref (MOID_T *m)
+{
+  bool has_ref = false;
+
+  if (IS_ROW (m) || IS_FLEX (m))
+    {
+      for (MOID_T *s = SUB (m); s != NO_MOID; s = SUB (s))
+	{
+	  HAS_REFS (s) = is_mode_has_ref (s);
+	  has_ref |= HAS_REFS (s);
+	}
+    }
+  else if (IS_STRUCT (m) || IS_UNION (m))
+    {
+      for (PACK_T *p = PACK (m); p != NO_PACK; FORWARD (p))
+	{
+	  HAS_REFS (MOID (p)) = is_mode_has_ref (MOID (p));
+	  has_ref |= HAS_REFS (MOID (p));
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    has_ref = (HAS_REFS (m) || IS_REF (m));
+
+  return has_ref;
+}
+
 /* Compute derived modes.  */
 
 static void
@@ -1185,6 +1215,10 @@ compute_derived_modes (MODULE_T *mod)
   for (z = TOP_MOID (mod); z != NO_MOID; FORWARD (z))
     HAS_ROWS (z) = is_mode_has_row (z);
 
+  /* Find out what modes contain refs.  */
+  for (z = TOP_MOID (mod); z != NO_MOID; FORWARD (z))
+    HAS_REFS (z) = is_mode_has_ref (z);
+
   /* Check flexible modes.  */
   for (z = TOP_MOID (mod); z != NO_MOID; FORWARD (z))
     {
diff --git a/gcc/algol68/a68-parser.cc b/gcc/algol68/a68-parser.cc
index 725a8fc44de..1504e4dc25b 100644
--- a/gcc/algol68/a68-parser.cc
+++ b/gcc/algol68/a68-parser.cc
@@ -726,6 +726,7 @@ a68_new_moid (void)
   DIM (z) = 0;
   USE (z) = false;
   HAS_ROWS (z) = false;
+  HAS_REFS (z) = false;
   PORTABLE (z) = true;
   DERIVATE (z) = false;
   NODE (z) = NO_NODE;
diff --git a/gcc/algol68/a68-types.h b/gcc/algol68/a68-types.h
index 788e7230f92..f18d3501799 100644
--- a/gcc/algol68/a68-types.h
+++ b/gcc/algol68/a68-types.h
@@ -187,6 +187,9 @@ struct GTY((chain_next ("%h.more"), chain_prev ("%h.less"))) KEYWORD_T
    HAS_ROWS is true if the mode contains rows somewhere in its internal
    structure.
 
+   HAS_REFS is true if the mode contains refs somewhere in its internal
+   structure.
+
    The interpretation of SUB depends on the kind of mode:
    - For REF modes it is the referred mode.
    - For FLEX modes it is the referred mode.
@@ -244,7 +247,7 @@ struct GTY((chain_next ("%h.next"))) MOID_T
   int number;
   int attribute;
   int dim;
-  bool has_rows, use, portable, derivate;
+  bool has_rows, has_refs, use, portable, derivate;
   NODE_T *node;
   PACK_T *pack;
   MOID_T *sub, *equivalent_mode, *slice, *deflexed_mode, *name, *multiple_mode, *next, *rowed, *trim;
@@ -950,6 +953,7 @@ struct GTY(()) A68_T
 #define GREEN(p) ((p)->green)
 #define H(p) ((p)->h)
 #define HANDLE(p) ((p)->handle)
+#define HAS_REFS(p) ((p)->has_refs)
 #define HAS_ROWS(p) ((p)->has_rows)
 #define HEAP(p) ((p)->heap)
 #define ID(p) ((p)->id)
diff --git a/gcc/algol68/a68.h b/gcc/algol68/a68.h
index 7c6d51bd064..34090d12c05 100644
--- a/gcc/algol68/a68.h
+++ b/gcc/algol68/a68.h
@@ -699,9 +699,9 @@ tree a68_row_value (tree type, size_t dim,
 		    tree *lower_bound, tree *upper_bound);
 tree a68_row_value_raw (tree type, tree descriptor,
 			tree elements, tree elements_size);
-tree a68_row_malloc (tree type, int dim,
+tree a68_row_malloc (MOID_T *m, int dim,
 		    tree elements, tree elements_size,
-		    tree *lower_bound, tree *upper_bound);		     
+		    tree *lower_bound, tree *upper_bound);
 tree a68_multiple_slice (NODE_T *p, tree multiple, bool slicing_name,
 			 int num_indexes, tree *indexes);
 tree a68_multiple_copy_elems (MOID_T *to_mode, tree to, tree from);
@@ -815,8 +815,8 @@ tree a68_get_skip_tree (MOID_T *m);
 tree a68_get_empty (void);
 void a68_ref_counts (tree exp, MOID_T *m, int *num_refs, int *num_pointers);
 tree a68_consolidate_ref (MOID_T *m, tree expr);
-tree a68_lower_alloca (tree type, tree size);
-tree a68_lower_malloc (tree type, tree size);
+tree a68_lower_alloca (MOID_T *m, tree size);
+tree a68_lower_malloc (MOID_T *m, tree size);
 tree a68_checked_indirect_ref (NODE_T *p, tree exp, MOID_T *exp_mode);
 tree a68_low_deref (tree exp, NODE_T *p);
 tree a68_low_dup (tree exp, bool use_heap = false);
diff --git a/libga68/ga68-alloc.c b/libga68/ga68-alloc.c
index 1a0b25a098c..df8a8956c52 100644
--- a/libga68/ga68-alloc.c
+++ b/libga68/ga68-alloc.c
@@ -80,6 +80,15 @@ _libga68_malloc (size_t size)
   return res;
 }
 
+void *
+_libga68_malloc_leaf (size_t size)
+{
+  void *res = (void *) GC_MALLOC_ATOMIC (size);
+  if (!res)
+    _libga68_abort ("Virtual memory exhausted\n");
+  return res;
+}
+
 #else
 
 void
@@ -112,4 +121,10 @@ _libga68_malloc (size_t size)
   return res;
 }
 
+void *
+_libga68_malloc_leaf (size_t size)
+{
+  return _libga68_malloc (size);
+}
+
 #endif /* !LIBGA68_WITH_GC */
diff --git a/libga68/ga68-posix.c b/libga68/ga68-posix.c
index a671dd61d16..b6fba202497 100644
--- a/libga68/ga68-posix.c
+++ b/libga68/ga68-posix.c
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ _libga68_posixfgets (int fd, int nchars, size_t *len)
   if (nchars > 0)
     {
       /* Read exactly nchar or until EOF.  */
-      res = _libga68_malloc (nchars * sizeof (uint32_t));
+      res = _libga68_malloc_leaf (nchars * sizeof (uint32_t));
       do
 	{
 	  uc = _libga68_posixfgetc (fd);
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ _libga68_posixfgets (int fd, int nchars, size_t *len)
     {
       /* Read until newline or EOF.  */
       size_t allocated = 80 * sizeof (uint32_t);
-      res = _libga68_malloc (allocated);
+      res = _libga68_malloc_leaf (allocated);
       do
 	{
 	  uc = _libga68_posixfgetc (fd);
diff --git a/libga68/ga68-unistr.c b/libga68/ga68-unistr.c
index 2cdf732a6b2..2a71313c181 100644
--- a/libga68/ga68-unistr.c
+++ b/libga68/ga68-unistr.c
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ _libga68_u32_to_u8 (const uint32_t *s, size_t n, size_t stride,
           if (length + 6 > allocated)
             allocated = length + 6;
           if (result == resultbuf || result == NULL)
-	    memory = (uint8_t *) _libga68_malloc (allocated * sizeof (uint8_t));
+	    memory = (uint8_t *) _libga68_malloc_leaf (allocated * sizeof (uint8_t));
           else
 	    memory =
 	      (uint8_t *) _libga68_realloc (result, allocated * sizeof (uint8_t));
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ _libga68_u32_to_u8 (const uint32_t *s, size_t n, size_t stride,
       if (result == NULL)
         {
           /* Return a non-NULL value.  NULL means error.  */
-          result = (uint8_t *) _libga68_malloc (1);
+	  result = (uint8_t *) _libga68_malloc_leaf (1);
           if (result == NULL)
             {
               errno = ENOMEM;
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ _libga68_u8_to_u32 (const uint8_t *s, size_t n, uint32_t *resultbuf, size_t *len
           if (length + 1 > allocated)
             allocated = length + 1;
           if (result == resultbuf || result == NULL)
-	    memory = (uint32_t *) _libga68_malloc (allocated * sizeof (uint32_t));
+	    memory = (uint32_t *) _libga68_malloc_leaf (allocated * sizeof (uint32_t));
           else
 	    memory =
 	      (uint32_t *) _libga68_realloc (result, allocated * sizeof (uint32_t));
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ _libga68_u8_to_u32 (const uint8_t *s, size_t n, uint32_t *resultbuf, size_t *len
       if (result == NULL)
         {
           /* Return a non-NULL value.  NULL means error.  */
-          result = (uint32_t *) _libga68_malloc (1);
+	  result = (uint32_t *) _libga68_malloc_leaf (1);
         }
     }
   else if (result != resultbuf && length < allocated)
diff --git a/libga68/ga68.h b/libga68/ga68.h
index 008ce05282a..8d1cf20c162 100644
--- a/libga68/ga68.h
+++ b/libga68/ga68.h
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ void _libga68_bounds_mismatch (const char *filename, unsigned int lineno,
 
 void _libga68_init_heap (void) GA68_HIDDEN;
 void *_libga68_malloc (size_t size);
+void *_libga68_malloc_leaf (size_t size);
 void *_libga68_malloc_internal (size_t size) GA68_HIDDEN;
 void *_libga68_realloc (void *ptr, size_t size) GA68_HIDDEN;
 void *_libga68_realloc_unchecked (void *ptr, size_t size) GA68_HIDDEN;
diff --git a/libga68/ga68.map b/libga68/ga68.map
index 6917e7905ae..6ee93228358 100644
--- a/libga68/ga68.map
+++ b/libga68/ga68.map
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ LIBGA68_2.0 {
     _libga68_longrandom;
     _libga68_lower_bound;
     _libga68_malloc;
+    _libga68_malloc_leaf;
     _libga68_posixargc;
     _libga68_posixargv;
     _libga68_posixclose;
-- 
2.43.0



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