-EB
-EL
-march=
archThe native Linux/GNU toolchain also supports the value ‘native’, which selects the best architecture option for the host processor. -march=native has no effect if GCC does not recognize the processor.
In processor names, a final ‘000’ can be abbreviated as ‘k’ (for example, -march=r2k). Prefixes are optional, and ‘vr’ may be written ‘r’.
Names of the form ‘nf2_1’ refer to processors with FPUs clocked at half the rate of the core, names of the form ‘nf1_1’ refer to processors with FPUs clocked at the same rate as the core, and names of the form ‘nf3_2’ refer to processors with FPUs clocked a ratio of 3:2 with respect to the core. For compatibility reasons, ‘nf’ is accepted as a synonym for ‘nf2_1’ while ‘nx’ and ‘bfx’ are accepted as synonyms for ‘nf1_1’.
GCC defines two macros based on the value of this option. The first is ‘_MIPS_ARCH’, which gives the name of target architecture, as a string. The second has the form ‘_MIPS_ARCH_foo’, where foo is the capitalized value of ‘_MIPS_ARCH’. For example, -march=r2000 sets ‘_MIPS_ARCH’ to ‘"r2000"’ and defines the macro ‘_MIPS_ARCH_R2000’.
Note that the ‘_MIPS_ARCH’ macro uses the processor names given
above. In other words, it has the full prefix and does not
abbreviate ‘000’ as ‘k’. In the case of ‘from-abi’,
the macro names the resolved architecture (either ‘"mips1"’ or
‘"mips3"’). It names the default architecture when no
-march option is given.
-mtune=
archWhen this option is not used, GCC optimizes for the processor specified by -march. By using -march and -mtune together, it is possible to generate code that runs on a family of processors, but optimize the code for one particular member of that family.
-mtune defines the macros ‘_MIPS_TUNE’ and
‘_MIPS_TUNE_foo’, which work in the same way as the
-march ones described above.
-mips1
-mips2
-mips3
-mips4
-mips32
-mips32r2
-mips64
-mips64r2
-mips16
-mno-mips16
MIPS16 code generation can also be controlled on a per-function basis
by means of mips16
and nomips16
attributes.
See Function Attributes, for more information.
-mflip-mips16
-minterlink-compressed
-mno-interlink-compressed
For example, code using the standard ISA encoding cannot jump directly
to MIPS16 or microMIPS code; it must either use a call or an indirect jump.
-minterlink-compressed therefore disables direct jumps unless GCC
knows that the target of the jump is not compressed.
-minterlink-mips16
-mno-interlink-mips16
-mabi=32
-mabi=o64
-mabi=n32
-mabi=64
-mabi=eabi
Note that the EABI has a 32-bit and a 64-bit variant. GCC normally generates 64-bit code when you select a 64-bit architecture, but you can use -mgp32 to get 32-bit code instead.
For information about the O64 ABI, see http://gcc.gnu.org/projects/mipso64-abi.html.
GCC supports a variant of the o32 ABI in which floating-point registers
are 64 rather than 32 bits wide. You can select this combination with
-mabi=32 -mfp64. This ABI relies on the mthc1
and mfhc1
instructions and is therefore only supported for
MIPS32R2 processors.
The register assignments for arguments and return values remain the
same, but each scalar value is passed in a single 64-bit register
rather than a pair of 32-bit registers. For example, scalar
floating-point values are returned in ‘$f0’ only, not a
‘$f0’/‘$f1’ pair. The set of call-saved registers also
remains the same, but all 64 bits are saved.
-mabicalls
-mno-abicalls
-mshared
-mno-shared
All -mabicalls code has traditionally been position-independent, regardless of options like -fPIC and -fpic. However, as an extension, the GNU toolchain allows executables to use absolute accesses for locally-binding symbols. It can also use shorter GP initialization sequences and generate direct calls to locally-defined functions. This mode is selected by -mno-shared.
-mno-shared depends on binutils 2.16 or higher and generates objects that can only be linked by the GNU linker. However, the option does not affect the ABI of the final executable; it only affects the ABI of relocatable objects. Using -mno-shared generally makes executables both smaller and quicker.
-mshared is the default.
-mplt
-mno-plt
You can make -mplt the default by configuring
GCC with --with-mips-plt. The default is
-mno-plt otherwise.
-mxgot
-mno-xgot
GCC normally uses a single instruction to load values from the GOT. While this is relatively efficient, it only works if the GOT is smaller than about 64k. Anything larger causes the linker to report an error such as:
relocation truncated to fit: R_MIPS_GOT16 foobar
If this happens, you should recompile your code with -mxgot. This works with very large GOTs, although the code is also less efficient, since it takes three instructions to fetch the value of a global symbol.
Note that some linkers can create multiple GOTs. If you have such a linker, you should only need to use -mxgot when a single object file accesses more than 64k's worth of GOT entries. Very few do.
These options have no effect unless GCC is generating position
independent code.
-mgp32
-mgp64
-mfp32
-mfp64
-mhard-float
-msoft-float
-mno-float
printf
formats).
If code compiled with -mno-float
accidentally contains
floating-point operations, it is likely to suffer a link-time
or run-time failure.
-msingle-float
-mdouble-float
-mabs=2008
-mabs=legacy
abs.
fmt and
neg.
fmt machine instructions.
By default or when the -mabs=legacy is used the legacy treatment is selected. In this case these instructions are considered arithmetic and avoided where correct operation is required and the input operand might be a NaN. A longer sequence of instructions that manipulate the sign bit of floating-point datum manually is used instead unless the -ffinite-math-only option has also been specified.
The -mabs=2008 option selects the IEEE 754-2008 treatment. In
this case these instructions are considered non-arithmetic and therefore
operating correctly in all cases, including in particular where the
input operand is a NaN. These instructions are therefore always used
for the respective operations.
-mnan=2008
-mnan=legacy
The -mnan=legacy option selects the legacy encoding. In this case quiet NaNs (qNaNs) are denoted by the first bit of their trailing significand field being 0, whereas signalling NaNs (sNaNs) are denoted by the first bit of their trailing significand field being 1.
The -mnan=2008 option selects the IEEE 754-2008 encoding. In this case qNaNs are denoted by the first bit of their trailing significand field being 1, whereas sNaNs are denoted by the first bit of their trailing significand field being 0.
The default is -mnan=legacy unless GCC has been configured with
--with-nan=2008.
-mllsc
-mno-llsc
-mllsc is useful if the runtime environment can emulate the
instructions and -mno-llsc can be useful when compiling for
nonstandard ISAs. You can make either option the default by
configuring GCC with --with-llsc and --without-llsc
respectively. --with-llsc is the default for some
configurations; see the installation documentation for details.
-mdsp
-mno-dsp
-mdspr2
-mno-dspr2
-msmartmips
-mno-smartmips
-mpaired-single
-mno-paired-single
-mdmx
-mno-mdmx
-mips3d
-mno-mips3d
-mmicromips
-mno-micromips
MicroMIPS code generation can also be controlled on a per-function basis
by means of micromips
and nomicromips
attributes.
See Function Attributes, for more information.
-mmt
-mno-mt
-mmcu
-mno-mcu
-meva
-mno-eva
-mvirt
-mno-virt
-mlong64
long
types to be 64 bits wide. See -mlong32 for
an explanation of the default and the way that the pointer size is
determined.
-mlong32
long
, int
, and pointer types to be 32 bits wide.
The default size of int
s, long
s and pointers depends on
the ABI. All the supported ABIs use 32-bit int
s. The n64 ABI
uses 64-bit long
s, as does the 64-bit EABI; the others use
32-bit long
s. Pointers are the same size as long
s,
or the same size as integer registers, whichever is smaller.
-msym32
-mno-sym32
-G
numThe default -G option depends on the configuration.
-mlocal-sdata
-mno-local-sdata
If the linker complains that an application is using too much small data,
you might want to try rebuilding the less performance-critical parts with
-mno-local-sdata. You might also want to build large
libraries with -mno-local-sdata, so that the libraries leave
more room for the main program.
-mextern-sdata
-mno-extern-sdata
If you compile a module Mod with -mextern-sdata -G
num -mgpopt, and Mod references a variable Var
that is no bigger than num bytes, you must make sure that Var
is placed in a small data section. If Var is defined by another
module, you must either compile that module with a high-enough
-G setting or attach a section
attribute to Var's
definition. If Var is common, you must link the application
with a high-enough -G setting.
The easiest way of satisfying these restrictions is to compile
and link every module with the same -G option. However,
you may wish to build a library that supports several different
small data limits. You can do this by compiling the library with
the highest supported -G setting and additionally using
-mno-extern-sdata to stop the library from making assumptions
about externally-defined data.
-mgpopt
-mno-gpopt
-mno-gpopt is useful for cases where the $gp
register
might not hold the value of _gp
. For example, if the code is
part of a library that might be used in a boot monitor, programs that
call boot monitor routines pass an unknown value in $gp
.
(In such situations, the boot monitor itself is usually compiled
with -G0.)
-mno-gpopt implies -mno-local-sdata and
-mno-extern-sdata.
-membedded-data
-mno-embedded-data
-muninit-const-in-rodata
-mno-uninit-const-in-rodata
const
variables in the read-only data section.
This option is only meaningful in conjunction with -membedded-data.
-mcode-readable=
setting-mcode-readable=yes
-mcode-readable=pcrel
-mcode-readable=no
-msplit-addresses
-mno-split-addresses
%hi()
and %lo()
assembler
relocation operators. This option has been superseded by
-mexplicit-relocs but is retained for backwards compatibility.
-mexplicit-relocs
-mno-explicit-relocs
-mexplicit-relocs is the default if GCC was configured
to use an assembler that supports relocation operators.
-mcheck-zero-division
-mno-check-zero-division
The default is -mcheck-zero-division.
-mdivide-traps
-mdivide-breaks
SIGFPE
). Use -mdivide-traps to
allow conditional traps on architectures that support them and
-mdivide-breaks to force the use of breaks.
The default is usually -mdivide-traps, but this can be
overridden at configure time using --with-divide=breaks.
Divide-by-zero checks can be completely disabled using
-mno-check-zero-division.
-mmemcpy
-mno-memcpy
memcpy()
for non-trivial block
moves. The default is -mno-memcpy, which allows GCC to inline
most constant-sized copies.
-mlong-calls
-mno-long-calls
jal
instruction. Calling
functions using jal
is more efficient but requires the caller
and callee to be in the same 256 megabyte segment.
This option has no effect on abicalls code. The default is
-mno-long-calls.
-mmad
-mno-mad
mad
, madu
and mul
instructions, as provided by the R4650 ISA.
-mimadd
-mno-imadd
madd
and msub
integer
instructions. The default is -mimadd on architectures
that support madd
and msub
except for the 74k
architecture where it was found to generate slower code.
-mfused-madd
-mno-fused-madd
On the R8000 CPU when multiply-accumulate instructions are used,
the intermediate product is calculated to infinite precision
and is not subject to the FCSR Flush to Zero bit. This may be
undesirable in some circumstances. On other processors the result
is numerically identical to the equivalent computation using
separate multiply, add, subtract and negate instructions.
-nocpp
-mfix-24k
-mno-fix-24k
-mfix-r4000
-mno-fix-r4000
-mfix-r4400
-mno-fix-r4400
-mfix-r10000
-mno-fix-r10000
ll
/sc
sequences may not behave atomically on revisions
prior to 3.0. They may deadlock on revisions 2.6 and earlier.
This option can only be used if the target architecture supports
branch-likely instructions. -mfix-r10000 is the default when
-march=r10000 is used; -mno-fix-r10000 is the default
otherwise.
-mfix-rm7000
-mno-fix-rm7000
dmult
/dmultu
errata. The
workarounds are implemented by the assembler rather than by GCC.
-mfix-vr4120
-mno-fix-vr4120
dmultu
does not always produce the correct result.
div
and ddiv
do not always produce the correct result if one
of the operands is negative.
mips64vr*-elf
configurations.
Other VR4120 errata require a NOP to be inserted between certain pairs of
instructions. These errata are handled by the assembler, not by GCC itself.
-mfix-vr4130
mflo
/mfhi
errata. The
workarounds are implemented by the assembler rather than by GCC,
although GCC avoids using mflo
and mfhi
if the
VR4130 macc
, macchi
, dmacc
and dmacchi
instructions are available instead.
-mfix-sb1
-mno-fix-sb1
-mr10k-cache-barrier=
settingIn common with many processors, the R10K tries to predict the outcome of a conditional branch and speculatively executes instructions from the “taken” branch. It later aborts these instructions if the predicted outcome is wrong. However, on the R10K, even aborted instructions can have side effects.
This problem only affects kernel stores and, depending on the system, kernel loads. As an example, a speculatively-executed store may load the target memory into cache and mark the cache line as dirty, even if the store itself is later aborted. If a DMA operation writes to the same area of memory before the “dirty” line is flushed, the cached data overwrites the DMA-ed data. See the R10K processor manual for a full description, including other potential problems.
One workaround is to insert cache barrier instructions before every memory access that might be speculatively executed and that might have side effects even if aborted. -mr10k-cache-barrier=setting controls GCC's implementation of this workaround. It assumes that aborted accesses to any byte in the following regions does not have side effects:
It is the kernel's responsibility to ensure that speculative accesses to these regions are indeed safe.
If the input program contains a function declaration such as:
void foo (void);
then the implementation of foo
must allow j foo
and
jal foo
to be executed speculatively. GCC honors this
restriction for functions it compiles itself. It expects non-GCC
functions (such as hand-written assembly code) to do the same.
The option has three forms:
-mr10k-cache-barrier=load-store
-mr10k-cache-barrier=store
-mr10k-cache-barrier=none
-mflush-func=
func-mno-flush-func
_flush_func()
, that is, the address of the
memory range for which the cache is being flushed, the size of the
memory range, and the number 3 (to flush both caches). The default
depends on the target GCC was configured for, but commonly is either
‘_flush_func’ or ‘__cpu_flush’.
mbranch-cost=
num-mbranch-likely
-mno-branch-likely
-mfp-exceptions
-mno-fp-exceptions
For instance, on the SB-1, if FP exceptions are disabled, and we are emitting
64-bit code, then we can use both FP pipes. Otherwise, we can only use one
FP pipe.
-mvr4130-align
-mno-vr4130-align
This option only has an effect when optimizing for the VR4130.
It normally makes code faster, but at the expense of making it bigger.
It is enabled by default at optimization level -O3.
-msynci
-mno-synci
synci
instructions on
architectures that support it. The synci
instructions (if
enabled) are generated when __builtin___clear_cache()
is
compiled.
This option defaults to -mno-synci
, but the default can be
overridden by configuring with --with-synci
.
When compiling code for single processor systems, it is generally safe
to use synci
. However, on many multi-core (SMP) systems, it
does not invalidate the instruction caches on all cores and may lead
to undefined behavior.
-mrelax-pic-calls
-mno-relax-pic-calls
$25
into direct calls. This is only possible if the linker can
resolve the destination at link-time and if the destination is within
range for a direct call.
-mrelax-pic-calls is the default if GCC was configured to use
an assembler and a linker that support the .reloc
assembly
directive and -mexplicit-relocs
is in effect. With
-mno-explicit-relocs
, this optimization can be performed by the
assembler and the linker alone without help from the compiler.
-mmcount-ra-address
-mno-mcount-ra-address
_mcount
to modify the
calling function's return address. When enabled, this option extends
the usual _mcount
interface with a new ra-address
parameter, which has type intptr_t *
and is passed in register
$12
. _mcount
can then modify the return address by
doing both of the following:
$31
.
*
ra-address,
if ra-address is nonnull.
The default is -mno-mcount-ra-address.