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Re: [Patch] Performance and memory usage improvements for stl_tree.h


Benjamin Kosnik wrote:

So here is yet another patch using static_cast<> for the new code. The existing code could be cleaned up in several ways, such as using static_cast<> elsewhere rather than C style casts. I have tried to refrain from doing this to keep the purppose of this patch focused. I am also trying to figure out how to contribute improvements to libstdc++ and so want to start with something simple.



Well, this is a good start, thanks.


We need something to add as a performance metric for this kind of
change. What did you do tests with? How are you measuring the
performance improvement?


I'm not trying to be facetious, but you do not even need to measure the performance to see that the patch supplied will improve it. The header node is no longer dynamically allocated and de-allocated, so the performance of construction and destruction can only be improved.

The problem with providing performance measurements is that the time required to dynamically allocate memory depends on:

  1. The underlying operating system.
  2. The amount of memory fragmentation at the time of the test.
  3. The amount of memory requested.

So yes you can measure performance, but your mileage will vary depending on the above.

Here are some numbers for i686-pc-linux-gnu using RedHat Linx 7.3 with kernel 2.4.18-24.7.x using gprof. The test is performed for 10 million iterations using std::map with both the key and value as "int":

   * Without patch (revision 1.19)
         o Constructor: 4.74 seconds
         o Destructor: 1.58 seconds
   * With last supplied patch:
         o Constructor: 2.78 seconds
         o Destructor: 0.53 seconds

Please find attached the test program used, as well as the numbers given by gprof.

These numbers give a performance improvement of 41% for the constructor and 66% for the destructor. The type used for both the key and value was only "int" so this means that the header node will not require much memory to be allocated. As such these numbers can be considered to be lower bound or "worst case" performance improvements.

The performance improvement may not be important in a lot of cases, but it may well be in some cases. All programs will benefit by the reduced memory requirements though. The amount of memory saved will depend on the number of std::map, std::set, std::multimap and std::multiset objects as well as the size of the template parameters.


Gawain


// 2003-03-01 gp dot bolton at computer dot org

// Copyright (C) 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
// any later version.

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
// with this library; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
// Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
// USA.

#include <map>
#include <testsuite_hooks.h>

static bool test = true;


static void create_and_fill(const unsigned int n)
{
    typedef std::map<int, int>  Map;
    Map                         m;

    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    {
	m[i] = i;
    }
    VERIFY ( m.size() == n );
}


void test01()
{
    const unsigned n = 10000000;

    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    {
	create_and_fill( 0 );
    }
}


int main()
{
  test01();

  return !test;
}
Flat profile:

Each sample counts as 0.00195312 seconds.
  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  ms/call  ms/call  name    
 54.07     16.54    16.54                             __mcount_internal
 16.17     21.48     4.95                             mcount
  3.37     22.51     1.03 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_empty_initialize()
  2.85     23.39     0.87 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree[in-charge](std::less<int> const&, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&)
  2.05     24.01     0.63 10000000     0.00     0.00  create_and_fill(unsigned)
  1.83     24.57     0.56 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::map[in-charge]()
  1.83     25.13     0.56                             std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0>::allocate(unsigned)
  1.52     25.60     0.46 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&)
  1.35     26.01     0.41                             std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0>::deallocate(void*, unsigned)
  1.21     26.38     0.37 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::__simple_alloc<std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0> >::allocate(unsigned)
  1.02     26.69     0.31 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~_Rb_tree [in-charge]()
  1.02     27.00     0.31 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~_Rb_tree_base [not-in-charge]()
  0.99     27.31     0.30 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::__simple_alloc<std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0> >::deallocate(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*, unsigned)
  0.92     27.59     0.28 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const
  0.89     27.86     0.27        1   273.44  7615.23  test01()
  0.85     28.12     0.26 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_M_put_node(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*)
  0.82     28.37     0.25 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_root() const
  0.75     28.60     0.23 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::clear()
  0.59     28.78     0.18 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_M_get_node()
  0.57     28.96     0.18 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_Rb_tree_alloc_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&)
  0.57     29.13     0.17 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >::allocator[in-charge]()
  0.52     29.29     0.16 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >::~allocator [in-charge]()
  0.51     29.45     0.16 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~map [in-charge]()
  0.50     29.60     0.15 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::less<int>::less[in-charge](std::less<int> const&)
  0.45     29.74     0.14                             std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0>::_Lock::~_Lock [in-charge]()
  0.42     29.87     0.13 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_rightmost() const
  0.40     29.99     0.12 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_leftmost() const
  0.40     30.11     0.12                             std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0>::_Lock::_Lock[in-charge]()
  0.38     30.23     0.12 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const
  0.34     30.33     0.10 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_S_color(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*)
  0.17     30.38     0.05                             std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::operator[](int const&)
  0.13     30.42     0.04                             std::_Rb_tree_rotate_left(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*, std::_Rb_tree_node_base*&)
  0.12     30.46     0.04                             std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_S_left(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*)
  0.11     30.50     0.03                             std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::lower_bound(int const&)
  0.10     30.53     0.03                             std::_Rb_tree_rotate_right(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*, std::_Rb_tree_node_base*&)
  0.10     30.55     0.03                             std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::insert_unique(std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<int const, int>, std::pair<int const, int>&, std::pair<int const, int>*>, std::pair<int const, int> const&)
  0.09     30.58     0.03                             std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::insert(std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<int const, int>, std::pair<int const, int>&, std::pair<int const, int>*>, std::pair<int const, int> const&)
  0.02     30.59     0.00                             std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_S_right(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*)
  0.00     30.59     0.00        1     0.00  7615.23  main

 %         the percentage of the total running time of the
time       program used by this function.

cumulative a running sum of the number of seconds accounted
 seconds   for by this function and those listed above it.

 self      the number of seconds accounted for by this
seconds    function alone.  This is the major sort for this
           listing.

calls      the number of times this function was invoked, if
           this function is profiled, else blank.
 
 self      the average number of milliseconds spent in this
ms/call    function per call, if this function is profiled,
	   else blank.

 total     the average number of milliseconds spent in this
ms/call    function and its descendents per call, if this 
	   function is profiled, else blank.

name       the name of the function.  This is the minor sort
           for this listing. The index shows the location of
	   the function in the gprof listing. If the index is
	   in parenthesis it shows where it would appear in
	   the gprof listing if it were to be printed.

		     Call graph (explanation follows)


granularity: each sample hit covers 4 byte(s) for 0.02% of 9.10 seconds

index % time    self  children    called     name
                0.00    7.62       1/1           __libc_start_main [3]
[1]     83.7    0.00    7.62       1         main [1]
                0.27    7.34       1/1           test01() [2]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.27    7.34       1/1           main [1]
[2]     83.7    0.27    7.34       1         test01() [2]
                0.63    6.71 10000000/10000000     create_and_fill(unsigned) [4]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[3]     83.7    0.00    7.62                 __libc_start_main [3]
                0.00    7.62       1/1           main [1]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.63    6.71 10000000/10000000     test01() [2]
[4]     80.6    0.63    6.71 10000000         create_and_fill(unsigned) [4]
                0.56    4.18 10000000/10000000     std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::map[in-charge]() [5]
                0.16    1.42 10000000/10000000     std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~map [in-charge]() [8]
                0.28    0.12 10000000/10000000     std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const [16]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.56    4.18 10000000/10000000     create_and_fill(unsigned) [4]
[5]     52.1    0.56    4.18 10000000         std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::map[in-charge]() [5]
                0.87    2.98 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree[in-charge](std::less<int> const&, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [6]
                0.17    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >::allocator[in-charge]() [22]
                0.16    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >::~allocator [in-charge]() [23]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.87    2.98 10000000/10000000     std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::map[in-charge]() [5]
[6]     42.3    0.87    2.98 10000000         std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree[in-charge](std::less<int> const&, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [6]
                1.03    0.60 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_empty_initialize() [7]
                0.46    0.72 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [10]
                0.15    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::less<int>::less[in-charge](std::less<int> const&) [24]
-----------------------------------------------
                1.03    0.60 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree[in-charge](std::less<int> const&, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [6]
[7]     17.9    1.03    0.60 10000000         std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_empty_initialize() [7]
                0.25    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_root() const [19]
                0.13    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_rightmost() const [26]
                0.12    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_leftmost() const [27]
                0.10    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_S_color(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*) [30]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.16    1.42 10000000/10000000     create_and_fill(unsigned) [4]
[8]     17.3    0.16    1.42 10000000         std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~map [in-charge]() [8]
                0.31    1.11 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~_Rb_tree [in-charge]() [9]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.31    1.11 10000000/10000000     std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~map [in-charge]() [8]
[9]     15.6    0.31    1.11 10000000         std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~_Rb_tree [in-charge]() [9]
                0.31    0.56 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~_Rb_tree_base [not-in-charge]() [11]
                0.23    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::clear() [20]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.46    0.72 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree[in-charge](std::less<int> const&, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [6]
[10]    13.1    0.46    0.72 10000000         std::_Rb_tree_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [10]
                0.18    0.37 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_M_get_node() [14]
                0.18    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_Rb_tree_alloc_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [21]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.31    0.56 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~_Rb_tree [in-charge]() [9]
[11]     9.6    0.31    0.56 10000000         std::_Rb_tree_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~_Rb_tree_base [not-in-charge]() [11]
                0.26    0.30 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_M_put_node(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*) [12]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.26    0.30 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~_Rb_tree_base [not-in-charge]() [11]
[12]     6.2    0.26    0.30 10000000         std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_M_put_node(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*) [12]
                0.30    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::__simple_alloc<std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0> >::deallocate(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*, unsigned) [18]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[13]     6.1    0.56    0.00                 std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0>::allocate(unsigned) [13]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.18    0.37 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [10]
[14]     6.0    0.18    0.37 10000000         std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_M_get_node() [14]
                0.37    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::__simple_alloc<std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0> >::allocate(unsigned) [17]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[15]     4.5    0.41    0.00                 std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0>::deallocate(void*, unsigned) [15]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.28    0.12 10000000/10000000     create_and_fill(unsigned) [4]
[16]     4.4    0.28    0.12 10000000         std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const [16]
                0.12    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const [29]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.37    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_M_get_node() [14]
[17]     4.1    0.37    0.00 10000000         std::__simple_alloc<std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0> >::allocate(unsigned) [17]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.30    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_M_put_node(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*) [12]
[18]     3.3    0.30    0.00 10000000         std::__simple_alloc<std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0> >::deallocate(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*, unsigned) [18]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.25    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_empty_initialize() [7]
[19]     2.7    0.25    0.00 10000000         std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_root() const [19]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.23    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~_Rb_tree [in-charge]() [9]
[20]     2.5    0.23    0.00 10000000         std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::clear() [20]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.18    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [10]
[21]     1.9    0.18    0.00 10000000         std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_Rb_tree_alloc_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [21]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.17    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::map[in-charge]() [5]
[22]     1.9    0.17    0.00 10000000         std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >::allocator[in-charge]() [22]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.16    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::map[in-charge]() [5]
[23]     1.8    0.16    0.00 10000000         std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >::~allocator [in-charge]() [23]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.15    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree[in-charge](std::less<int> const&, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [6]
[24]     1.7    0.15    0.00 10000000         std::less<int>::less[in-charge](std::less<int> const&) [24]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[25]     1.5    0.14    0.00                 std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0>::_Lock::~_Lock [in-charge]() [25]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.13    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_empty_initialize() [7]
[26]     1.4    0.13    0.00 10000000         std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_rightmost() const [26]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.12    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_empty_initialize() [7]
[27]     1.4    0.12    0.00 10000000         std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_leftmost() const [27]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[28]     1.4    0.12    0.00                 std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0>::_Lock::_Lock[in-charge]() [28]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.12    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const [16]
[29]     1.3    0.12    0.00 10000000         std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const [29]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.10    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_empty_initialize() [7]
[30]     1.1    0.10    0.00 10000000         std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_S_color(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*) [30]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[31]     0.6    0.05    0.00                 std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::operator[](int const&) [31]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[32]     0.5    0.04    0.00                 std::_Rb_tree_rotate_left(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*, std::_Rb_tree_node_base*&) [32]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[33]     0.4    0.04    0.00                 std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_S_left(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*) [33]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[34]     0.4    0.03    0.00                 std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::lower_bound(int const&) [34]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[35]     0.3    0.03    0.00                 std::_Rb_tree_rotate_right(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*, std::_Rb_tree_node_base*&) [35]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[36]     0.3    0.03    0.00                 std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::insert_unique(std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<int const, int>, std::pair<int const, int>&, std::pair<int const, int>*>, std::pair<int const, int> const&) [36]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[37]     0.3    0.03    0.00                 std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::insert(std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<int const, int>, std::pair<int const, int>&, std::pair<int const, int>*>, std::pair<int const, int> const&) [37]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[38]     0.1    0.00    0.00                 std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_S_right(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*) [38]
-----------------------------------------------

 This table describes the call tree of the program, and was sorted by
 the total amount of time spent in each function and its children.

 Each entry in this table consists of several lines.  The line with the
 index number at the left hand margin lists the current function.
 The lines above it list the functions that called this function,
 and the lines below it list the functions this one called.
 This line lists:
     index	A unique number given to each element of the table.
		Index numbers are sorted numerically.
		The index number is printed next to every function name so
		it is easier to look up where the function in the table.

     % time	This is the percentage of the `total' time that was spent
		in this function and its children.  Note that due to
		different viewpoints, functions excluded by options, etc,
		these numbers will NOT add up to 100%.

     self	This is the total amount of time spent in this function.

     children	This is the total amount of time propagated into this
		function by its children.

     called	This is the number of times the function was called.
		If the function called itself recursively, the number
		only includes non-recursive calls, and is followed by
		a `+' and the number of recursive calls.

     name	The name of the current function.  The index number is
		printed after it.  If the function is a member of a
		cycle, the cycle number is printed between the
		function's name and the index number.


 For the function's parents, the fields have the following meanings:

     self	This is the amount of time that was propagated directly
		from the function into this parent.

     children	This is the amount of time that was propagated from
		the function's children into this parent.

     called	This is the number of times this parent called the
		function `/' the total number of times the function
		was called.  Recursive calls to the function are not
		included in the number after the `/'.

     name	This is the name of the parent.  The parent's index
		number is printed after it.  If the parent is a
		member of a cycle, the cycle number is printed between
		the name and the index number.

 If the parents of the function cannot be determined, the word
 `<spontaneous>' is printed in the `name' field, and all the other
 fields are blank.

 For the function's children, the fields have the following meanings:

     self	This is the amount of time that was propagated directly
		from the child into the function.

     children	This is the amount of time that was propagated from the
		child's children to the function.

     called	This is the number of times the function called
		this child `/' the total number of times the child
		was called.  Recursive calls by the child are not
		listed in the number after the `/'.

     name	This is the name of the child.  The child's index
		number is printed after it.  If the child is a
		member of a cycle, the cycle number is printed
		between the name and the index number.

 If there are any cycles (circles) in the call graph, there is an
 entry for the cycle-as-a-whole.  This entry shows who called the
 cycle (as parents) and the members of the cycle (as children.)
 The `+' recursive calls entry shows the number of function calls that
 were internal to the cycle, and the calls entry for each member shows,
 for that member, how many times it was called from other members of
 the cycle.


Index by function name

   [4] create_and_fill(unsigned) (gmon-start.c) [14] std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_M_get_node() [36] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::insert_unique(std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<int const, int>, std::pair<int const, int>&, std::pair<int const, int>*>, std::pair<int const, int> const&)
   [2] test01()               [12] std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_M_put_node(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*) [7] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_empty_initialize()
  [16] std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const [21] std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_Rb_tree_alloc_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [20] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::clear()
  [27] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_leftmost() const [15] std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0>::deallocate(void*, unsigned) [33] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_S_left(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*)
  [26] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_rightmost() const [28] std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0>::_Lock::_Lock[in-charge]() [30] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_S_color(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*)
  [29] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const [25] std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0>::_Lock::~_Lock [in-charge]() [38] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_S_right(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*)
  [19] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_root() const [13] std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0>::allocate(unsigned) [6] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree[in-charge](std::less<int> const&, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&)
  [22] std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >::allocator[in-charge]() [37] std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::insert(std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<int const, int>, std::pair<int const, int>&, std::pair<int const, int>*>, std::pair<int const, int> const&) [9] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~_Rb_tree [in-charge]()
  [23] std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >::~allocator [in-charge]() [5] std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::map[in-charge]() [32] std::_Rb_tree_rotate_left(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*, std::_Rb_tree_node_base*&)
  [10] std::_Rb_tree_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [8] std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~map [in-charge]() [35] std::_Rb_tree_rotate_right(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*, std::_Rb_tree_node_base*&)
  [11] std::_Rb_tree_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~_Rb_tree_base [not-in-charge]() [31] std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::operator[](int const&) (2486) __mcount_internal
  [18] std::__simple_alloc<std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0> >::deallocate(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*, unsigned) [24] std::less<int>::less[in-charge](std::less<int> const&) [1] main
  [17] std::__simple_alloc<std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0> >::allocate(unsigned) [34] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::lower_bound(int const&) (234) mcount
Flat profile:

Each sample counts as 0.00195312 seconds.
  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  ms/call  ms/call  name    
 57.90     11.44    11.44                             __mcount_internal
 18.78     15.15     3.71                             mcount
  3.53     15.84     0.70 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree[in-charge](std::less<int> const&, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&)
  2.73     16.38     0.54 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::map[in-charge]()
  2.58     16.89     0.51 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_empty_initialize()
  2.27     17.34     0.45 10000000     0.00     0.00  create_and_fill(unsigned)
  1.41     17.62     0.28        1   278.32  4412.11  test01()
  1.20     17.86     0.24 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const
  1.15     18.08     0.23 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::clear()
  1.12     18.30     0.22 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&)
  0.92     18.48     0.18 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >::~allocator [in-charge]()
  0.87     18.66     0.17 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~map [in-charge]()
  0.77     18.81     0.15 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::less<int>::less[in-charge](std::less<int> const&)
  0.70     18.95     0.14 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >::allocator[in-charge]()
  0.70     19.08     0.14 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const
  0.66     19.21     0.13 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~_Rb_tree [in-charge]()
  0.63     19.34     0.12 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_Rb_tree_alloc_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&)
  0.58     19.46     0.12 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_S_color(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*)
  0.52     19.56     0.10 10000000     0.00     0.00  std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_root() const
  0.29     19.62     0.06                             std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::operator[](int const&)
  0.25     19.67     0.05                             std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::insert(std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<int const, int>, std::pair<int const, int>&, std::pair<int const, int>*>, std::pair<int const, int> const&)
  0.16     19.70     0.03                             std::__simple_alloc<std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0> >::deallocate(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*, unsigned)
  0.16     19.73     0.03                             std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_M_put_node(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*)
  0.13     19.75     0.03                             std::_Rb_tree_rotate_right(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*, std::_Rb_tree_node_base*&)
  0.00     19.75     0.00        1     0.00  4412.11  main

 %         the percentage of the total running time of the
time       program used by this function.

cumulative a running sum of the number of seconds accounted
 seconds   for by this function and those listed above it.

 self      the number of seconds accounted for by this
seconds    function alone.  This is the major sort for this
           listing.

calls      the number of times this function was invoked, if
           this function is profiled, else blank.
 
 self      the average number of milliseconds spent in this
ms/call    function per call, if this function is profiled,
	   else blank.

 total     the average number of milliseconds spent in this
ms/call    function and its descendents per call, if this 
	   function is profiled, else blank.

name       the name of the function.  This is the minor sort
           for this listing. The index shows the location of
	   the function in the gprof listing. If the index is
	   in parenthesis it shows where it would appear in
	   the gprof listing if it were to be printed.

		     Call graph (explanation follows)


granularity: each sample hit covers 4 byte(s) for 0.04% of 4.61 seconds

index % time    self  children    called     name
                0.00    4.41       1/1           __libc_start_main [3]
[1]     95.8    0.00    4.41       1         main [1]
                0.28    4.13       1/1           test01() [2]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.28    4.13       1/1           main [1]
[2]     95.8    0.28    4.13       1         test01() [2]
                0.45    3.69 10000000/10000000     create_and_fill(unsigned) [4]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[3]     95.8    0.00    4.41                 __libc_start_main [3]
                0.00    4.41       1/1           main [1]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.45    3.69 10000000/10000000     test01() [2]
[4]     89.7    0.45    3.69 10000000         create_and_fill(unsigned) [4]
                0.54    2.24 10000000/10000000     std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::map[in-charge]() [5]
                0.17    0.36 10000000/10000000     std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~map [in-charge]() [8]
                0.24    0.14 10000000/10000000     std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const [9]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.54    2.24 10000000/10000000     create_and_fill(unsigned) [4]
[5]     60.4    0.54    2.24 10000000         std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::map[in-charge]() [5]
                0.70    1.23 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree[in-charge](std::less<int> const&, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [6]
                0.18    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >::~allocator [in-charge]() [13]
                0.14    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >::allocator[in-charge]() [15]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.70    1.23 10000000/10000000     std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::map[in-charge]() [5]
[6]     41.7    0.70    1.23 10000000         std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree[in-charge](std::less<int> const&, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [6]
                0.51    0.22 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_empty_initialize() [7]
                0.22    0.12 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [11]
                0.15    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::less<int>::less[in-charge](std::less<int> const&) [14]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.51    0.22 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree[in-charge](std::less<int> const&, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [6]
[7]     15.8    0.51    0.22 10000000         std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_empty_initialize() [7]
                0.12    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_S_color(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*) [18]
                0.10    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_root() const [19]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.17    0.36 10000000/10000000     create_and_fill(unsigned) [4]
[8]     11.5    0.17    0.36 10000000         std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~map [in-charge]() [8]
                0.13    0.23 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~_Rb_tree [in-charge]() [10]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.24    0.14 10000000/10000000     create_and_fill(unsigned) [4]
[9]      8.1    0.24    0.14 10000000         std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const [9]
                0.14    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const [16]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.13    0.23 10000000/10000000     std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~map [in-charge]() [8]
[10]     7.7    0.13    0.23 10000000         std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~_Rb_tree [in-charge]() [10]
                0.23    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::clear() [12]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.22    0.12 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree[in-charge](std::less<int> const&, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [6]
[11]     7.5    0.22    0.12 10000000         std::_Rb_tree_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [11]
                0.12    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_Rb_tree_alloc_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [17]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.23    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~_Rb_tree [in-charge]() [10]
[12]     4.9    0.23    0.00 10000000         std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::clear() [12]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.18    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::map[in-charge]() [5]
[13]     3.9    0.18    0.00 10000000         std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >::~allocator [in-charge]() [13]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.15    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree[in-charge](std::less<int> const&, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [6]
[14]     3.3    0.15    0.00 10000000         std::less<int>::less[in-charge](std::less<int> const&) [14]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.14    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::map[in-charge]() [5]
[15]     3.0    0.14    0.00 10000000         std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >::allocator[in-charge]() [15]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.14    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const [9]
[16]     3.0    0.14    0.00 10000000         std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const [16]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.12    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [11]
[17]     2.7    0.12    0.00 10000000         std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_Rb_tree_alloc_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [17]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.12    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_empty_initialize() [7]
[18]     2.5    0.12    0.00 10000000         std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_S_color(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*) [18]
-----------------------------------------------
                0.10    0.00 10000000/10000000     std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_empty_initialize() [7]
[19]     2.2    0.10    0.00 10000000         std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_root() const [19]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[20]     1.3    0.06    0.00                 std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::operator[](int const&) [20]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[21]     1.1    0.05    0.00                 std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::insert(std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<int const, int>, std::pair<int const, int>&, std::pair<int const, int>*>, std::pair<int const, int> const&) [21]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[22]     0.7    0.03    0.00                 std::__simple_alloc<std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0> >::deallocate(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*, unsigned) [22]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[23]     0.7    0.03    0.00                 std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_M_put_node(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*) [23]
-----------------------------------------------
                                                 <spontaneous>
[24]     0.6    0.03    0.00                 std::_Rb_tree_rotate_right(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*, std::_Rb_tree_node_base*&) [24]
-----------------------------------------------

 This table describes the call tree of the program, and was sorted by
 the total amount of time spent in each function and its children.

 Each entry in this table consists of several lines.  The line with the
 index number at the left hand margin lists the current function.
 The lines above it list the functions that called this function,
 and the lines below it list the functions this one called.
 This line lists:
     index	A unique number given to each element of the table.
		Index numbers are sorted numerically.
		The index number is printed next to every function name so
		it is easier to look up where the function in the table.

     % time	This is the percentage of the `total' time that was spent
		in this function and its children.  Note that due to
		different viewpoints, functions excluded by options, etc,
		these numbers will NOT add up to 100%.

     self	This is the total amount of time spent in this function.

     children	This is the total amount of time propagated into this
		function by its children.

     called	This is the number of times the function was called.
		If the function called itself recursively, the number
		only includes non-recursive calls, and is followed by
		a `+' and the number of recursive calls.

     name	The name of the current function.  The index number is
		printed after it.  If the function is a member of a
		cycle, the cycle number is printed between the
		function's name and the index number.


 For the function's parents, the fields have the following meanings:

     self	This is the amount of time that was propagated directly
		from the function into this parent.

     children	This is the amount of time that was propagated from
		the function's children into this parent.

     called	This is the number of times this parent called the
		function `/' the total number of times the function
		was called.  Recursive calls to the function are not
		included in the number after the `/'.

     name	This is the name of the parent.  The parent's index
		number is printed after it.  If the parent is a
		member of a cycle, the cycle number is printed between
		the name and the index number.

 If the parents of the function cannot be determined, the word
 `<spontaneous>' is printed in the `name' field, and all the other
 fields are blank.

 For the function's children, the fields have the following meanings:

     self	This is the amount of time that was propagated directly
		from the child into the function.

     children	This is the amount of time that was propagated from the
		child's children to the function.

     called	This is the number of times the function called
		this child `/' the total number of times the child
		was called.  Recursive calls by the child are not
		listed in the number after the `/'.

     name	This is the name of the child.  The child's index
		number is printed after it.  If the child is a
		member of a cycle, the cycle number is printed
		between the name and the index number.

 If there are any cycles (circles) in the call graph, there is an
 entry for the cycle-as-a-whole.  This entry shows who called the
 cycle (as parents) and the members of the cycle (as children.)
 The `+' recursive calls entry shows the number of function calls that
 were internal to the cycle, and the calls entry for each member shows,
 for that member, how many times it was called from other members of
 the cycle.


Index by function name

   [4] create_and_fill(unsigned) (gmon-start.c) [23] std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_M_put_node(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*) [18] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_S_color(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*)
   [2] test01()               [17] std::_Rb_tree_alloc_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, (bool)1>::_Rb_tree_alloc_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [6] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree[in-charge](std::less<int> const&, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&)
   [9] std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const [21] std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::insert(std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<int const, int>, std::pair<int const, int>&, std::pair<int const, int>*>, std::pair<int const, int> const&) [10] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~_Rb_tree [in-charge]()
  [16] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::size() const [5] std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::map[in-charge]() [24] std::_Rb_tree_rotate_right(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*, std::_Rb_tree_node_base*&)
  [19] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_root() const [8] std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~map [in-charge]() (2486) __mcount_internal
  [15] std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >::allocator[in-charge]() [20] std::map<int, int, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::operator[](int const&) [1] main
  [13] std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >::~allocator [in-charge]() [14] std::less<int>::less[in-charge](std::less<int> const&) (220) mcount
  [11] std::_Rb_tree_base<std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_Rb_tree_base[not-in-charge](std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > const&) [7] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::_M_empty_initialize()
  [22] std::__simple_alloc<std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::__default_alloc_template<(bool)1, (int)0> >::deallocate(std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<int const, int> >*, unsigned) [12] std::_Rb_tree<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::less<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::clear()

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