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Compilers and RCU readers: Once more unto the breach!
- From: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck at linux dot vnet dot ibm dot com>
- To: linux-kernel at vger dot kernel dot org, c++std-parallel at accu dot org, linux-arch at vger dot kernel dot org, gcc at gcc dot gnu dot org
- Cc: Peter dot Sewell at cl dot cam dot ac dot uk, torvalds at linux-foundation dot org, Mark dot Batty at cl dot cam dot ac dot uk, peterz at infradead dot org, will dot deacon at arm dot com, Ramana dot Radhakrishnan at arm dot com, dhowells at redhat dot com, akpm at linux-foundation dot org, mingo at kernel dot org, michaelw at ca dot ibm dot com
- Date: Tue, 19 May 2015 17:55:10 -0700
- Subject: Compilers and RCU readers: Once more unto the breach!
- Authentication-results: sourceware.org; auth=none
- Reply-to: paulmck at linux dot vnet dot ibm dot com
Hello!
Following up on last year's discussion (https://lwn.net/Articles/586838/,
https://lwn.net/Articles/588300/), I believe that we have a solution. If
I am wrong, I am sure you all will let me know, and in great detail. ;-)
The key simplification is to "just say no" to RCU-protected array indexes:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/5/12/827, as was suggested by several people.
This simplification means that rcu_dereference (AKA memory_order_consume)
need only return pointers. This in ture avoids things like (x-x),
(x*0), and (x%1) because if "x" is a pointer, these expressions either
return non-pointers are compilation errors. With a very few exceptions,
dependency chains can lead -to- non-pointers, but cannot pass -through-
them.
The result is that dependencies are carried only by operations for
which the compiler cannot easily optimize the away those dependencies,
these operations including simple assignment, integer offset (including
indexing), dereferencing, casts, passing as a function argument, return
values from functions and so on. A complete list with commentary starts
on page 28 of:
http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/consume.2015.05.18a.pdf
Dependency chains are broken if a pointer compares equal to some other
pointer not part of the same dependency chain, if too many bits are ORed
onto or ANDed off of a intptr_t or uintptr_t, or if the dependency is
explicitly killed (which should now strictly speaking never be necessary,
but which might allow better diagnostics). These are set out in more
detail on page 30 of the above PDF.
This covers all the uses in the Linux kernel that I am aware of without
any source-code changes (other than to the rcu_dereference() primitives
themselves) and should also work for compilers and standards.
Thoughts?
Thanx, Paul