[PATCH] PR libstdc++/87749 fix (and optimize) string move construction

[Jonathan Wakely <jwakely at redhat dot com>]

The move constructor for the SSO string uses assign(const basic_string&)
when either:

(1) the source string is "local" and so the contents of the small string
buffer need to be copied, or

(2) the allocator does not propagate and is_always_equal is false.

Case (1) is suboptimal, because the assign member is not noexcept and
the compiler isn't smart enough to see it won't actually throw in this
case. This causes extra code in the move assignment operator so that any
exception will be turned into a call to std::terminate. This can be
fixed by copying small strings inline instead of calling assign.

Case (2) is a bug, because the specific instances of the allocators
could be equal even if is_always_equal is false. This can result in an
unnecessary deep copy (and potentially-throwing allocation) when the
storage should be moved. This can be fixed by simply checking if the
allocators are equal.

	PR libstdc++/87749
	* include/bits/basic_string.h [_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI]
	(basic_string::operator=(basic_string&&)): For short strings copy the
	buffer inline. Only fall back to using assign(const basic_string&) to
	do a deep copy when reallocation is needed.
	* testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/modifiers/assign/char/87749.cc:
	New test.
	* testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/modifiers/assign/char/
	move_assign_optim.cc: New test.
	* testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/modifiers/assign/wchar_t/87749.cc:
	New test.
	* testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/modifiers/assign/wchar_t/
	move_assign_optim.cc: New test.

Tested powerpc64le-linux, committed to trunk.

I've also attached before.s and after.s showing the generated code for this
function on x86_64 with -std=gnu++17 -O3:

void test(std::string& target, std::string&& source) {
   target = std::move(source);
}

That improvement comes from avoiding using assign(const basic_string&)
for copying small strings.

I plan to backport this to all branches (including gcc-6 if the RMs
approve it).

Attachment: patch.txt
Description: Text document

Attachment: before.s
Description: Text document

Attachment: after.s
Description: Text document