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Re: [patch] implement std::experimental::any


On 10/06/14 14:44 +0100, Jonathan Wakely wrote:
This patch implements std::experimental::any from the Fundamentals TS,
including small-object optimisation, uses-allocator construction and
partial support for -fno-rtti (I should probably disable the
allocator-extended constructors when RTTI is disabled, or any_cast
doesn't work).

The allocator-extended copy constructor is not implemented, I don't
think it's possible!

It could probably do with some more tests before I commit it, but
posting for comments as I've had it sitting in my tree for some time
and I might as well share it.

Here's what I'm committing, with more tests, improved -fno-rtti
handling and complete Doxygen comments (which are currently useless
because doc/doxygen/user.cfg.in defines __cplusplus to 2001103L so we
don't generate docs for any C++14 or TS components).

Tested x86_64-linux, committed to trunk.

commit db17f8703215b90918a663257792b3b66381bb5c
Author: Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
Date:   Thu Feb 20 20:22:42 2014 +0000

    	* doc/xml/manual/status_cxx2014.xml: Update Fundamentals TS status.
    	* include/Makefile.am: Add new header.
    	* include/Makefile.in: Regenerate.
    	* include/experimental/any: New.
    	* include/ext/aligned_buffer.h (__aligned_buffer(nullptr_t)): New
    	constructor.
    	* testsuite/experimental/any/assign/1.cc: New.
    	* testsuite/experimental/any/assign/2.cc: New.
    	* testsuite/experimental/any/cons/1.cc: New.
    	* testsuite/experimental/any/cons/2.cc: New.
    	* testsuite/experimental/any/cons/3.cc: New.
    	* testsuite/experimental/any/misc/any_cast.cc: New.
    	* testsuite/experimental/any/misc/any_cast_neg.cc: New.
    	* testsuite/experimental/any/misc/any_cast_no_rtti.cc: New.
    	* testsuite/experimental/any/misc/swap.cc: New.
    	* testsuite/experimental/any/modifiers/1.cc: New.
    	* testsuite/experimental/any/observers/type.cc: New.

diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/doc/xml/manual/status_cxx2014.xml b/libstdc++-v3/doc/xml/manual/status_cxx2014.xml
index c6f89c9..82abd88 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/doc/xml/manual/status_cxx2014.xml
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/doc/xml/manual/status_cxx2014.xml
@@ -306,14 +306,13 @@ not in any particular release.
     </row>
 
     <row>
-      <?dbhtml bgcolor="#C8B0B0" ?>
       <entry>
 	<link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"; xlink:href="http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/docs/papers/2013/n3804.html";>
 	  N3804
 	</link>
       </entry>
       <entry>Any library proposal</entry>
-      <entry>N</entry>
+      <entry>Y</entry>
       <entry>Library Fundamentals TS</entry>
     </row>
 
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/Makefile.am b/libstdc++-v3/include/Makefile.am
index a079ff6..8fe82da 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/Makefile.am
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/Makefile.am
@@ -638,6 +638,7 @@ decimal_headers = \
 experimental_srcdir = ${glibcxx_srcdir}/include/experimental
 experimental_builddir = ./experimental
 experimental_headers = \
+	${experimental_srcdir}/any \
 	${experimental_srcdir}/optional \
 	${experimental_srcdir}/string_view \
 	${experimental_srcdir}/string_view.tcc
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/experimental/any b/libstdc++-v3/include/experimental/any
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2839af1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/experimental/any
@@ -0,0 +1,626 @@
+// <experimental/any> -*- C++ -*-
+
+// Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
+// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
+// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
+// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
+// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/** @file experimental/any
+ *  This is a TS C++ Library header.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _GLIBCXX_EXPERIMENTAL_ANY
+#define _GLIBCXX_EXPERIMENTAL_ANY 1
+
+#pragma GCC system_header
+
+#if __cplusplus <= 201103L
+# include <bits/c++14_warning.h>
+#else
+
+#include <typeinfo>
+#include <memory>
+#include <utility>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <bits/alloc_traits.h>
+#include <bits/uses_allocator.h>
+#include <bits/functexcept.h>
+
+namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
+{
+namespace experimental
+{
+inline namespace any_v1
+{
+_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
+
+  /**
+   * @defgroup any Type-safe container of any type
+   * @ingroup experimental
+   *
+   * A type-safe container for single values of value types, as
+   * described in n3804 "Any Library Proposal (Revision 3)".
+   *
+   * @{
+   */
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief Exception class thrown by a failed @c any_cast
+   *  @ingroup exceptions
+   */
+  class bad_any_cast : public bad_cast
+  {
+  public:
+    virtual const char* what() const noexcept { return "bad_any_cast"; }
+  };
+
+  [[gnu::noreturn]] inline void __throw_bad_any_cast()
+  {
+#ifdef __EXCEPTIONS
+    throw bad_any_cast{};
+#else
+    __builtin_abort();
+#endif
+  }
+
+  /**
+    * @brief A type-safe container of any type.
+    *
+    * An @c any object's state is either empty or it stores a contained object
+    * of CopyConstructible type.
+    */
+  class any
+  {
+    // Holds either pointer to a heap object or the contained object itself.
+    union _Storage
+    {
+      void* _M_ptr;
+      std::aligned_storage<sizeof(_M_ptr), sizeof(_M_ptr)>::type _M_buffer;
+    };
+
+    template<typename _Tp, typename _Safe = is_nothrow_copy_constructible<_Tp>,
+	     bool _Fits = (sizeof(_Tp) <= sizeof(_Storage))>
+      using _Internal = std::integral_constant<bool, _Safe::value && _Fits>;
+
+    template<typename _Tp>
+      struct _Manager_internal; // uses small-object optimization
+
+    template<typename _Tp>
+      struct _Manager_external; // creates contained object on the heap
+
+    template<typename _Tp>
+      using _Manager = conditional_t<_Internal<_Tp>::value,
+				     _Manager_internal<_Tp>,
+				     _Manager_external<_Tp>>;
+
+#ifdef __GXX_RTTI
+    // When RTTI is disabled __any_caster assumes the manager is either
+    // _Manager_internal or _Manager_external, so this type must not be used.
+    template<typename _Tp, typename _Alloc>
+      struct _Manager_alloc; // creates contained object using an allocator
+
+    template<typename _Tp, typename _Alloc, typename _TpAlloc
+	     = typename allocator_traits<_Alloc>::template rebind_alloc<_Tp>>
+      using _ManagerAlloc = conditional_t<_Internal<_Tp>::value,
+					  _Manager_internal<_Tp>,
+					  _Manager_alloc<_Tp, _TpAlloc>>;
+#endif
+
+    template<typename _Tp, typename _Decayed = decay_t<_Tp>>
+      using _Decay = enable_if_t<!is_same<_Decayed, any>::value, _Decayed>;
+
+  public:
+    // construct/destruct
+
+    /// Default constructor, creates an empty object.
+    any() noexcept : _M_manager(nullptr) { }
+
+    /// Copy constructor, copies the state of @p __other
+    any(const any& __other) : _M_manager(__other._M_manager)
+    {
+      if (!__other.empty())
+	{
+	  _Arg __arg;
+	  __arg._M_any = this;
+	  _M_manager(_Op_clone, &__other, &__arg);
+	}
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Move constructor, transfer the state from @p __other
+     *
+     * @post @c __other.empty() (not guaranteed for other implementations)
+     */
+    any(any&& __other) noexcept
+    : _M_manager(__other._M_manager),
+      _M_storage(__other._M_storage)
+    { __other._M_manager = nullptr; }
+
+    /// Construct with a copy of @p __value as the contained object.
+    template <typename _ValueType, typename _Tp = _Decay<_ValueType>,
+	      typename _Mgr = _Manager<_Tp>>
+      any(_ValueType&& __value)
+      : _M_manager(&_Mgr::_S_manage),
+        _M_storage(_Mgr::_S_create(std::forward<_ValueType>(__value)))
+      {
+	static_assert(is_copy_constructible<_Tp>::value,
+		      "The contained object must be CopyConstructible");
+      }
+
+    /// Allocator-extended default constructor (the allocator is ignored).
+    template <typename _Allocator>
+      any(allocator_arg_t, const _Allocator&) noexcept : any() { }
+
+#ifdef __GXX_RTTI
+    /// Construct with a copy of @p __value as the contained object.
+    template <typename _Allocator, typename _ValueType,
+	      typename _Tp = _Decay<_ValueType>,
+	      typename _Mgr = _ManagerAlloc<_Tp, _Allocator>>
+      any(allocator_arg_t, const _Allocator& __a, _ValueType&& __value)
+      : _M_manager(&_Mgr::_S_manage),
+        _M_storage(_Mgr::_S_alloc(__a, std::forward<_ValueType>(__value)))
+      {
+	static_assert(is_copy_constructible<_Tp>::value,
+		      "The contained object must be CopyConstructible");
+      }
+#endif
+
+    /* TODO: implement this somehow
+    /// Allocator-extended copy constructor.
+    template <class _Allocator>
+      any(allocator_arg_t, const _Allocator& __a, const any& __other);
+    */
+
+    /// Allocator-extended move constructor (the allocator is ignored).
+    template <typename _Allocator>
+      any(allocator_arg_t, const _Allocator&, any&& __other) noexcept
+      : any(std::move(__other)) { }
+
+    /// Destructor, calls @c clear()
+    ~any() { clear(); }
+
+    // assignments
+
+    /// Copy the state of 
+    any& operator=(const any& __rhs)
+    {
+      any(__rhs).swap(*this);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Move assignment operator
+     *
+     * @post @c __rhs.empty() (not guaranteed for other implementations)
+     */
+    any& operator=(any&& __rhs) noexcept
+    {
+      any(std::move(__rhs)).swap(*this);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    /// Store a copy of @p __rhs as the contained object.
+    template<typename _ValueType>
+      any& operator=(_ValueType&& __rhs)
+      {
+	any(std::forward<_ValueType>(__rhs)).swap(*this);
+	return *this;
+      }
+
+    // modifiers
+
+    /// If not empty, destroy the contained object.
+    void clear() noexcept
+    {
+      if (!empty())
+      {
+	_M_manager(_Op_destroy, this, nullptr);
+	_M_manager = nullptr;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// Exchange state with another object.
+    void swap(any& __rhs) noexcept
+    {
+      std::swap(_M_manager, __rhs._M_manager);
+      std::swap(_M_storage, __rhs._M_storage);
+    }
+
+    // observers
+
+    /// Reports whether there is a contained object or not.
+    bool empty() const noexcept { return _M_manager == nullptr; }
+
+#ifdef __GXX_RTTI
+    /// The @c typeid of the contained object, or @c typeid(void) if empty.
+    const type_info& type() const noexcept
+    {
+      if (empty())
+	return typeid(void);
+      _Arg __arg;
+      _M_manager(_Op_get_type_info, this, &__arg);
+      return *__arg._M_typeinfo;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    template<typename _Tp>
+      static constexpr bool __is_valid_cast()
+      { return __or_<is_reference<_Tp>, is_copy_constructible<_Tp>>::value; }
+
+  private:
+    enum _Op { _Op_access, _Op_get_type_info, _Op_clone, _Op_destroy };
+
+    union _Arg
+    {
+	void* _M_obj;
+	const std::type_info* _M_typeinfo;
+	any* _M_any;
+    };
+
+    void (*_M_manager)(_Op, const any*, _Arg*);
+    _Storage _M_storage;
+
+    template<typename _Tp>
+      friend void* __any_caster(const any* __any)
+      {
+#ifdef __GXX_RTTI
+	if (__any->type() != typeid(_Tp))
+	  return nullptr;
+#else
+	if (__any->_M_manager != &_Manager<decay_t<_Tp>>::_S_manage)
+	  return nullptr;
+#endif
+	_Arg __arg;
+	__any->_M_manager(_Op_access, __any, &__arg);
+	return __arg._M_obj;
+      }
+
+    // Manage in-place contained object.
+    template<typename _Tp>
+      struct _Manager_internal
+      {
+	static void
+	_S_manage(_Op __which, const any* __anyp, _Arg* __arg);
+
+	template<typename _Up>
+	  static _Storage
+	  _S_create(_Up&& __value)
+	  {
+	    _Storage __storage;
+	    void* __addr = &__storage._M_buffer;
+	    ::new (__addr) _Tp(std::forward<_Up>(__value));
+	    return __storage;
+	  }
+
+	template<typename _Alloc, typename _Up>
+	  static _Storage
+	  _S_alloc(const _Alloc&, _Up&& __value)
+	  {
+	    return _S_create(std::forward<_Up>(__value));
+	  }
+      };
+
+    // Manage external contained object.
+    template<typename _Tp>
+      struct _Manager_external
+      {
+	static void
+	_S_manage(_Op __which, const any* __anyp, _Arg* __arg);
+
+	template<typename _Up>
+	  static _Storage
+	  _S_create(_Up&& __value)
+	  {
+	    _Storage __storage;
+	    __storage._M_ptr = new _Tp(std::forward<_Up>(__value));
+	    return __storage;
+	  }
+      };
+
+#ifdef __GXX_RTTI
+    // Manage external contained object using an allocator
+    template<typename _Tp, typename _Alloc>
+      struct _Manager_alloc
+      {
+	static_assert(std::is_same<_Tp, typename _Alloc::value_type>::value,
+		      "Allocator's value_type is correct");
+
+	// Type that holds contained object and allocator
+	struct _Data;
+
+	using _Traits = typename std::allocator_traits<_Alloc>::template
+	  rebind_traits<_Data>;
+
+	static void
+	_S_manage(_Op __which, const any* __anyp, _Arg* __arg);
+
+	template<typename _Up>
+	  static _Storage
+	  _S_alloc(const _Alloc& __a, _Up&& __value);
+      };
+#endif
+  };
+
+  /// Exchange the states of two @c any objects.
+  inline void swap(any& __x, any& __y) noexcept { __x.swap(__y); }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Access the contained object.
+   *
+   * @tparam  _ValueType  A const-reference or CopyConstructible type.
+   * @param   __any       The object to access.
+   * @return  The contained object.
+   * @throw   bad_any_cast If <code>
+   *          __any.type() != typeid(remove_reference_t<_ValueType>)
+   *          </code>
+   */
+  template<typename _ValueType>
+    inline _ValueType any_cast(const any& __any)
+    {
+      static_assert(any::__is_valid_cast<_ValueType>(),
+	  "Template argument must be a reference or CopyConstructible type");
+      auto __p = any_cast<add_const_t<remove_reference_t<_ValueType>>>(&__any);
+      if (__p)
+	return *__p;
+      __throw_bad_any_cast();
+    }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Access the contained object.
+   *
+   * @tparam  _ValueType  A reference or CopyConstructible type.
+   * @param   __any       The object to access.
+   * @return  The contained object.
+   * @throw   bad_any_cast If <code>
+   *          __any.type() != typeid(remove_reference_t<_ValueType>)
+   *          </code>
+   */
+  template<typename _ValueType>
+    inline _ValueType any_cast(any& __any)
+    {
+      static_assert(any::__is_valid_cast<_ValueType>(),
+	  "Template argument must be a reference or CopyConstructible type");
+      auto __p = any_cast<remove_reference_t<_ValueType>>(&__any);
+      if (__p)
+	return *__p;
+      __throw_bad_any_cast();
+    }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Access the contained object.
+   *
+   * @tparam  _ValueType  A reference or CopyConstructible type.
+   * @param   __any       The object to access.
+   * @return  The contained object.
+   * @throw   bad_any_cast If <code>
+   *          __any.type() != typeid(remove_reference_t<_ValueType>)
+   *          </code>
+   */
+  template<typename _ValueType>
+    inline _ValueType any_cast(any&& __any)
+    {
+      static_assert(any::__is_valid_cast<_ValueType>(),
+	  "Template argument must be a reference or CopyConstructible type");
+      auto __p = any_cast<remove_reference_t<_ValueType>>(&__any);
+      if (__p)
+	return *__p;
+      __throw_bad_any_cast();
+    }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Access the contained object.
+   *
+   * @tparam  _ValueType  The type of the contained object.
+   * @param   __any       A pointer to the object to access.
+   * @return  The address of the contained object if <code>
+   *          __any != nullptr && __any.type() == typeid(_ValueType)
+   *          </code>, otherwise a null pointer.
+   */
+  template<typename _ValueType>
+    inline const _ValueType* any_cast(const any* __any) noexcept
+    {
+      if (__any)
+	return static_cast<_ValueType*>(__any_caster<_ValueType>(__any));
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Access the contained object.
+   *
+   * @tparam  _ValueType  The type of the contained object.
+   * @param   __any       A pointer to the object to access.
+   * @return  The address of the contained object if <code>
+   *          __any != nullptr && __any.type() == typeid(_ValueType)
+   *          </code>, otherwise a null pointer.
+   */
+  template<typename _ValueType>
+    inline _ValueType* any_cast(any* __any) noexcept
+    {
+      if (__any)
+	return static_cast<_ValueType*>(__any_caster<_ValueType>(__any));
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+
+#ifdef __GXX_RTTI
+  template<typename _Tp, typename _Alloc>
+    struct any::_Manager_alloc<_Tp, _Alloc>::_Data
+    {
+      using _Traits = std::allocator_traits<_Alloc>;
+
+      std::tuple<_Alloc, __gnu_cxx::__aligned_buffer<_Tp>> _M_data;
+
+      _Alloc&       _M_alloc()       { return std::get<0>(_M_data); }
+      const _Alloc& _M_alloc() const { return std::get<0>(_M_data); }
+
+      _Tp*       _M_obj()       { return std::get<1>(_M_data)._M_ptr(); }
+      const _Tp* _M_obj() const { return std::get<1>(_M_data)._M_ptr(); }
+
+      template<typename _Up>
+	_Data(const _Alloc& __a, _Up&& __val) : _M_data(__a, nullptr)
+	{
+	  this->_M_construct(std::__use_alloc<_Tp>(_M_alloc()),
+			     std::forward<_Up>(__val));
+	}
+
+      ~_Data() { _Traits::destroy(_M_alloc(), _M_obj()); }
+
+      template<typename _Up>
+	void
+	_M_construct(__uses_alloc0, _Up&& __val)
+	{
+	  _Traits::construct(_M_alloc(), _M_obj(),
+			     std::forward<_Up>(__val));
+	}
+
+      template<typename _Up>
+	void
+	_M_construct(__uses_alloc1<_Alloc> __a, _Up&& __val)
+	{
+	  _Traits::construct(__a._M_a, _M_obj(),
+			     std::allocator_arg, __a._M_a,
+			     std::forward<_Up>(__val));
+	}
+
+      template<typename _Up>
+	void
+	_M_construct(__uses_alloc2<_Alloc> __a, _Up&& __val)
+	{
+	  _Traits::construct(__a._M_a, _M_obj(),
+			     std::forward<_Up>(__val), __a._M_a);
+	}
+    };
+
+  template<typename _Tp, typename _Alloc>
+  template<typename _Up>
+    any::_Storage
+    any::_Manager_alloc<_Tp, _Alloc>::
+    _S_alloc(const _Alloc& __a, _Up&& __value)
+    {
+      typename _Traits::allocator_type __a2(__a);
+      auto __ptr = _Traits::allocate(__a2, 1);
+      __try
+	{
+	  any::_Storage __storage;
+	  __storage._M_ptr = std::__addressof(*__ptr);
+	  ::new(__storage._M_ptr) _Data{__a, std::forward<_Up>(__value)};
+	  return __storage;
+	}
+      __catch(...)
+	{
+	  _Traits::deallocate(__a2, __ptr, 1);
+	  __throw_exception_again;
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+
+  template<typename _Tp>
+    void
+    any::_Manager_internal<_Tp>::
+    _S_manage(_Op __which, const any* __any, _Arg* __arg)
+    {
+      // The contained object is in _M_storage._M_buffer
+      auto __ptr = reinterpret_cast<const _Tp*>(&__any->_M_storage._M_buffer);
+      switch (__which)
+      {
+      case _Op_access:
+	__arg->_M_obj = const_cast<_Tp*>(__ptr);
+	break;
+      case _Op_get_type_info:
+#ifdef __GXX_RTTI
+	__arg->_M_typeinfo = &typeid(_Tp);
+#endif
+	break;
+      case _Op_clone:
+	::new(&__arg->_M_any->_M_storage._M_buffer) _Tp(*__ptr);
+	break;
+      case _Op_destroy:
+	__ptr->~_Tp();
+	break;
+      }
+    }
+
+  template<typename _Tp>
+    void
+    any::_Manager_external<_Tp>::
+    _S_manage(_Op __which, const any* __any, _Arg* __arg)
+    {
+      // The contained object is *_M_storage._M_ptr
+      auto __ptr = static_cast<const _Tp*>(__any->_M_storage._M_ptr);
+      switch (__which)
+      {
+      case _Op_access:
+	__arg->_M_obj = const_cast<_Tp*>(__ptr);
+	break;
+      case _Op_get_type_info:
+#ifdef __GXX_RTTI
+	__arg->_M_typeinfo = &typeid(_Tp);
+#endif
+	break;
+      case _Op_clone:
+	__arg->_M_any->_M_storage._M_ptr = new _Tp(*__ptr);
+	break;
+      case _Op_destroy:
+	delete __ptr;
+	break;
+      }
+    }
+
+#ifdef __GXX_RTTI
+  template<typename _Tp, typename _Alloc>
+    void
+    any::_Manager_alloc<_Tp, _Alloc>::
+    _S_manage(_Op __which, const any* __any, _Arg* __arg)
+    {
+      // The contained object is at _M_storage._M_ptr->_M_obj()
+      auto __ptr = static_cast<const _Data*>(__any->_M_storage._M_ptr);
+      switch (__which)
+      {
+      case _Op_access:
+	__arg->_M_obj = const_cast<_Tp*>(__ptr->_M_obj());
+	break;
+      case _Op_get_type_info:
+	__arg->_M_typeinfo = &typeid(_Tp);
+	break;
+      case _Op_clone:
+	__arg->_M_any->_M_storage
+	  = _S_alloc(__ptr->_M_alloc(), *__ptr->_M_obj());
+	break;
+      case _Op_destroy:
+	{
+	  using _PtrTr = pointer_traits<typename _Traits::pointer>;
+	  typename _Traits::allocator_type __a(__ptr->_M_alloc());
+	  auto __alloc_ptr = _PtrTr::pointer_to(*const_cast<_Data*>(__ptr));
+	  __ptr->~_Data();
+	  _Traits::deallocate(__a, __alloc_ptr, 1);
+	}
+	break;
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+
+  // @} group any
+_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
+} // namespace any_v1
+} // namespace experimental
+} // namespace std
+
+#endif // C++14
+
+#endif // _GLIBCXX_EXPERIMENTAL_ANY
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/ext/aligned_buffer.h b/libstdc++-v3/include/ext/aligned_buffer.h
index 861de5b..783a874 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/ext/aligned_buffer.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/ext/aligned_buffer.h
@@ -47,6 +47,11 @@ namespace __gnu_cxx
 	std::aligned_storage<sizeof(_Tp), std::alignment_of<_Tp>::value>::type
 	_M_storage;
 
+      __aligned_buffer() = default;
+
+      // Can be used to avoid value-initialization
+      __aligned_buffer(std::nullptr_t) { }
+
       void*
       _M_addr() noexcept
       {
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/assign/1.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/assign/1.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9845d5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/assign/1.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++14" }
+// { dg-do run }
+
+// Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include <experimental/any>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+
+using std::experimental::any;
+
+void test01()
+{
+  any x;
+  any y;
+  y = x;
+  VERIFY( x.empty() );
+  VERIFY( y.empty() );
+
+  y = std::move(x);
+  VERIFY( x.empty() );
+  VERIFY( y.empty() );
+}
+
+void test02()
+{
+  any x(1);
+  any y;
+  y = x;
+  VERIFY( !x.empty() );
+  VERIFY( !y.empty() );
+
+  x = std::move(y);
+  VERIFY( !x.empty() );
+  VERIFY( y.empty() );
+
+  x = y;
+  VERIFY( x.empty() );
+  VERIFY( y.empty() );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+  test02();
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/assign/2.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/assign/2.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1aa6f39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/assign/2.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++14" }
+// { dg-do run }
+
+// Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include <experimental/any>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+
+using std::experimental::any;
+using std::experimental::any_cast;
+
+struct X
+{
+  bool moved = false;
+  bool moved_from = false;
+  X() = default;
+  X(const X&) = default;
+  X(X&& x) : moved(true) { x.moved_from = true; }
+};
+
+void test01()
+{
+  X x;
+  any a1;
+  a1 = x;
+  VERIFY(x.moved_from == false);
+  any a2;
+  a2 = std::move(x);
+  VERIFY(x.moved_from == true);
+  VERIFY(any_cast<X&>(a2).moved == true );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/cons/1.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/cons/1.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc36980
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/cons/1.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++14" }
+// { dg-do run }
+
+// Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include <experimental/any>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+
+using std::experimental::any;
+
+void test01()
+{
+  any x;
+  VERIFY( x.empty() );
+
+  any y(x);
+  VERIFY( x.empty() );
+  VERIFY( y.empty() );
+
+  any z(std::move(y));
+  VERIFY( y.empty() );
+  VERIFY( z.empty() );
+}
+
+void test02()
+{
+  any x(1);
+  VERIFY( !x.empty() );
+
+  any y(x);
+  VERIFY( !x.empty() );
+  VERIFY( !y.empty() );
+
+  any z(std::move(y));
+  VERIFY( y.empty() );
+  VERIFY( !z.empty() );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+  test02();
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/cons/2.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/cons/2.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c766edf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/cons/2.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++14" }
+// { dg-do run }
+
+// Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include <experimental/any>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+
+using std::experimental::any;
+using std::experimental::any_cast;
+
+struct X
+{
+  bool moved = false;
+  bool moved_from = false;
+  X() = default;
+  X(const X&) = default;
+  X(X&& x) : moved(true) { x.moved_from = true; }
+};
+
+void test01()
+{
+  X x;
+  any a1(x);
+  VERIFY(x.moved_from == false);
+  any a2(std::move(x));
+  VERIFY(x.moved_from == true);
+  VERIFY(any_cast<X&>(a2).moved == true );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/cons/3.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/cons/3.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..671a178
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/cons/3.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++14" }
+// { dg-do run }
+
+// Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include <experimental/any>
+#include <testsuite_allocator.h>
+
+using std::experimental::any;
+using __gnu_test::CustomPointerAlloc;
+using __gnu_test::tracker_allocator;
+using __gnu_test::tracker_allocator_counter;
+
+struct NotSmall { char c[64]; };
+
+bool test [[gnu::unused]] = true;
+
+void test01()
+{
+  CustomPointerAlloc<int> alloc;
+
+  any x(std::allocator_arg, alloc, 1);
+  VERIFY( !x.empty() );
+
+  any y(std::allocator_arg, alloc, std::move(x));
+  VERIFY( x.empty() );
+  VERIFY( !y.empty() );
+}
+
+void test02()
+{
+  tracker_allocator<int> alloc;
+
+  any x(std::allocator_arg, alloc, 1);
+  auto allocated = tracker_allocator_counter::get_allocation_count();
+  VERIFY( allocated == 0 );  // no allocation for small object
+
+  any y(std::allocator_arg, alloc, std::move(x));
+  VERIFY( tracker_allocator_counter::get_allocation_count() == 0 );
+
+  y = {};
+  VERIFY( tracker_allocator_counter::get_deallocation_count() == 0 );
+}
+
+void test03()
+{
+  tracker_allocator<int> alloc;
+
+
+  any x(std::allocator_arg, alloc, NotSmall{});
+  auto allocated = tracker_allocator_counter::get_allocation_count();
+  __builtin_printf("ALLOCATED %lu\n", (unsigned long)allocated);
+  VERIFY( allocated >= sizeof(NotSmall) );
+
+  any y(std::allocator_arg, alloc, std::move(x));
+  VERIFY( tracker_allocator_counter::get_allocation_count() == allocated );
+
+  y = {};
+  VERIFY( tracker_allocator_counter::get_deallocation_count() == allocated );
+}
+
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+  test02();
+  test03();
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/misc/any_cast.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/misc/any_cast.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98de1bc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/misc/any_cast.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++14" }
+// { dg-do run }
+
+// Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include <experimental/any>
+#include <string>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+
+using std::experimental::any;
+using std::experimental::any_cast;
+
+void test01()
+{
+  using std::string;
+  using std::strcmp;
+
+  // taken from example in N3804 proposal
+
+  any x(5);                                   // x holds int
+  VERIFY(any_cast<int>(x) == 5);              // cast to value
+  any_cast<int&>(x) = 10;                     // cast to reference
+  VERIFY(any_cast<int>(x) == 10); 
+
+  x = "Meow";                                 // x holds const char*
+  VERIFY(strcmp(any_cast<const char*>(x), "Meow") == 0);
+  any_cast<const char*&>(x) = "Harry";
+  VERIFY(strcmp(any_cast<const char*>(x), "Harry") == 0);
+
+  x = string("Meow");                         // x holds string
+  string s, s2("Jane");
+  s = move(any_cast<string&>(x));             // move from any 
+  VERIFY(s == "Meow");
+  any_cast<string&>(x) = move(s2);            // move to any
+  VERIFY(any_cast<const string&>(x) == "Jane");
+
+  string cat("Meow");
+  const any y(cat);                           // const y holds string
+  VERIFY(any_cast<const string&>(y) == cat);
+}
+
+void test02()
+{
+  using std::experimental::bad_any_cast;
+  any x(1);
+  auto p = any_cast<double>(&x);
+  VERIFY(p == nullptr);
+
+  x = 1.0;
+  p = any_cast<double>(&x);
+  VERIFY(p != nullptr);
+
+  x = any();
+  p = any_cast<double>(&x);
+  VERIFY(p == nullptr);
+
+  try {
+    any_cast<double>(x);
+    VERIFY(false);
+  } catch (const bad_any_cast&) {
+  }
+}
+
+void test03()
+{
+  using std::experimental::bad_any_cast;
+  any x(std::allocator_arg, std::allocator<double>{}, 1);
+  auto p = any_cast<double>(&x);
+  VERIFY(p == nullptr);
+
+  x = any(std::allocator_arg, std::allocator<int>{}, 1.0);
+  p = any_cast<double>(&x);
+  VERIFY(p != nullptr);
+
+  x = any(std::allocator_arg, std::allocator<char>{});
+  p = any_cast<double>(&x);
+  VERIFY(p == nullptr);
+
+  try {
+    any_cast<double>(x);
+    VERIFY(false);
+  } catch (const bad_any_cast&) {
+  }
+}
+
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+  test02();
+  test03();
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/misc/any_cast_neg.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/misc/any_cast_neg.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b93b039
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/misc/any_cast_neg.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++14" }
+// { dg-do compile }
+
+// Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include <experimental/any>
+
+void test01()
+{
+  using std::experimental::any;
+  using std::experimental::any_cast;
+
+  const any y(1);
+  any_cast<int&>(y); // { dg-error "qualifiers" "" { target { *-*-* } } 381 }
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/misc/any_cast_no_rtti.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/misc/any_cast_no_rtti.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4879e63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/misc/any_cast_no_rtti.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++14 -fno-rtti" }
+// { dg-do run }
+
+// Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include <experimental/any>
+#include <string>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+
+using std::experimental::any;
+using std::experimental::any_cast;
+
+void test01()
+{
+  using std::experimental::bad_any_cast;
+  any x(1);
+  auto p = any_cast<double>(&x);
+  VERIFY(p == nullptr);
+
+  x = 1.0;
+  p = any_cast<double>(&x);
+  VERIFY(p != nullptr);
+
+  x = any();
+  p = any_cast<double>(&x);
+  VERIFY(p == nullptr);
+
+  try {
+    any_cast<double>(x);
+    VERIFY(false);
+  } catch (const bad_any_cast&) {
+  }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/misc/swap.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/misc/swap.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1faaee8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/misc/swap.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++14" }
+// { dg-do run }
+
+// Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include <experimental/any>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+
+using std::experimental::any;
+
+void test01()
+{
+  any x(1);
+  any y;
+  swap(x, y);
+  VERIFY( x.empty() );
+  VERIFY( !y.empty() );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/modifiers/1.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/modifiers/1.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e6c3ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/modifiers/1.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++14" }
+// { dg-do run }
+
+// Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include <experimental/any>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+
+using std::experimental::any;
+
+void test01()
+{
+  any x(1);
+  any y;
+  x.swap(y);
+  VERIFY( x.empty() );
+  VERIFY( !y.empty() );
+  x.swap(y);
+  VERIFY( !x.empty() );
+  VERIFY( y.empty() );
+
+  x.clear();
+  VERIFY( x.empty() );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/observers/type.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/observers/type.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9784ca0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/experimental/any/observers/type.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++14" }
+// { dg-do run }
+
+// Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include <experimental/any>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+
+using std::experimental::any;
+
+void test01()
+{
+  any x;
+  VERIFY( x.type() == typeid(void) );
+  x = 1;
+  VERIFY( x.type() == typeid(int) );
+  x = any();
+  VERIFY( x.type() == typeid(void) );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+}

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