</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="using_headers.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="manual.intro.using"></a>Chapter 3. Using</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.alloc">Memory allocation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory.mtalloc">Non-memory leaks in Pool and MT allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="manual.intro.using.flags"></a>Command Options</h2></div></div></div><p>
The set of features available in the GNU C++ library is shaped by
- several <a class="link" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.3.2/gcc/Invoking-GCC.html" target="_top">GCC
+ several <a class="link" href="https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-14.1.0/gcc/Invoking-GCC.html" target="_top">GCC
Command Options</a>. Options that impact libstdc++ are
enumerated and detailed in the table below.
</p><p>
<span class="command"><strong>g++ -std=gnu++17</strong></span> since GCC 11, and
<span class="command"><strong>g++ -std=gnu++14</strong></span> in GCC 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, and
<span class="command"><strong>g++ -std=gnu++98</strong></span> for older releases.
- </p><div class="table"><a id="table.cmd_options"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 3.1. C++ Command Options</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="C++ Command Options" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Option Flags</th><th align="left">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="literal">-std=c++98</code> or <code class="literal">-std=c++03</code>
- </td><td align="left">Use the 1998 ISO C++ standard plus amendments.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="literal">-std=gnu++98</code> or <code class="literal">-std=gnu++03</code>
- </td><td align="left">As directly above, with GNU extensions.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="literal">-std=c++11</code></td><td align="left">Use the 2011 ISO C++ standard.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="literal">-std=gnu++11</code></td><td align="left">As directly above, with GNU extensions.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="literal">-std=c++14</code></td><td align="left">Use the 2014 ISO C++ standard.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="literal">-std=gnu++14</code></td><td align="left">As directly above, with GNU extensions.</td></tr><tr><td align="left">
+ </p><div class="table"><a id="table.cmd_options"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table 3.1. C++ Command Options</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="C++ Command Options" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Option Flags</th><th align="left">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="literal">-std</code>
+ </td><td align="left">
+ Select the C++ standard, and whether to use the base standard
+ or GNU dialect.
+ </td></tr><tr><td align="left">
<code class="literal">-fno-exceptions</code>
</td><td align="left">See <a class="link" href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no" title="Doing without">exception-free dialect</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left">
<code class="literal">-fno-rtti</code>
<para>
The set of features available in the GNU C++ library is shaped by
- several <link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.3.2/gcc/Invoking-GCC.html">GCC
+ several <link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-14.1.0/gcc/Invoking-GCC.html">GCC
Command Options</link>. Options that impact libstdc++ are
enumerated and detailed in the table below.
</para>
<tbody>
<row>
- <entry><literal>-std=c++98</literal> or <literal>-std=c++03</literal>
+ <entry><literal>-std</literal>
</entry>
- <entry>Use the 1998 ISO C++ standard plus amendments.</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry><literal>-std=gnu++98</literal> or <literal>-std=gnu++03</literal>
+ <entry>
+ Select the C++ standard, and whether to use the base standard
+ or GNU dialect.
</entry>
- <entry>As directly above, with GNU extensions.</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry><literal>-std=c++11</literal></entry>
- <entry>Use the 2011 ISO C++ standard.</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry><literal>-std=gnu++11</literal></entry>
- <entry>As directly above, with GNU extensions.</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry><literal>-std=c++14</literal></entry>
- <entry>Use the 2014 ISO C++ standard.</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry><literal>-std=gnu++14</literal></entry>
- <entry>As directly above, with GNU extensions.</entry>
</row>
<row>