Improve code generation for x86_64 [PR 92180]

Improve code generation for x86_64 [PR 92180]

This patch catches a missed optimization opportunity where GCC currently
generates worse code than LLVM.  The issue, as nicely analyzed in bugzilla,
boils down to the following three insns in combine:

(insn 6 5 7 2 (parallel [
            (set (reg:DI 85)
                (ashift:DI (reg:DI 85)
                    (const_int 32 [0x20])))
            (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags))
        ]) "pr92180.c":4:10 564 {*ashldi3_1}
     (expr_list:REG_UNUSED (reg:CC 17 flags)
        (nil)))
(insn 7 6 14 2 (parallel [
            (set (reg:DI 84)
                (ior:DI (reg:DI 84)
                    (reg:DI 85)))
            (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags))
        ]) "pr92180.c":4:10 454 {*iordi_1}
     (expr_list:REG_DEAD (reg:DI 85)
        (expr_list:REG_UNUSED (reg:CC 17 flags)
            (nil))))
(insn 14 7 15 2 (set (reg/i:SI 0 ax)
        (subreg:SI (reg:DI 84) 0)) "pr92180.c":5:1 67 {*movsi_internal}
     (expr_list:REG_DEAD (reg:DI 84)
        (nil)))

Normally, combine/simplify-rtx would notice that insns 6 and 7
(which update highpart bits) are unnecessary as the final insn 14
only requires to lowpart bits.  The complication is that insn 14
sets a hard register in targetm.class_likely_spilled_p which
prevents combine from performing its simplifications, and removing
the redundant instructions.

At first glance a fix would appear to require changes to combine,
potentially affecting code generation on all small register class
targets...  An alternate (and I think clever) solution is to spot
that this problematic situation can be avoided by the backend.

At RTL expansion time, the middle-end has a clear separation between
pseudos and hard registers, so the RTL initially contains:

(insn 9 8 10 2 (set (reg:SI 86)
        (subreg:SI (reg:DI 82 [ _1 ]) 0)) "pr92180.c":6:10 -1
     (nil))
(insn 10 9 14 2 (set (reg:SI 83 [ <retval> ])
        (reg:SI 86)) "pr92180.c":6:10 -1
     (nil))
(insn 14 10 15 2 (set (reg/i:SI 0 ax)
        (reg:SI 83 [ <retval> ])) "pr92180.c":7:1 -1
     (nil))

which can be optimized without problems by combine; it is only the
intervening passes (initially fwprop1) that propagate computations
into sets of hard registers, and disable those opportunities.

The solution proposed here is to have the x86 backend/recog prevent
early RTL passes composing instructions (that set likely_spilled hard
registers) that they (combine) can't simplify, until after reload.
We allow sets from pseudo registers, immediate constants and memory
accesses, but anything more complicated is performed via a temporary
pseudo.  Not only does this simplify things for the register allocator,
but any remaining register-to-register moves are easily cleaned up
by the late optimization passes after reload, such as peephole2 and
cprop_hardreg.

This patch has been tested on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu with a
"make bootstrap" and a "make -k check" with no new failures.
Ok for mainline?

gcc
	PR rtl-optimization/92180
	* config/i386/i386.c (ix86_hardreg_mov_ok): New function to
	determine whether (set DST SRC) should be allowed at this point.
	* config/i386/i386-protos.h (ix86_hardreg_mov_ok): Prototype here.
	* config/i386/i386-expand.c (ix86_expand_move): Check whether
	this is a complex set of a likely spilled hard register, and if
	so place the value in a pseudo, and load the hard reg from it.
	* config/i386/i386.md (*movdi_internal, *movsi_internal)
	(*movhi_internal, *movqi_internal): Make these instructions
	conditional on ix86_hardreg_mov_ok.
	(*lea<mode>): Make this define_insn_and_split conditional on
	ix86_hardreg_mov_ok.

gcc/testsuite
	PR rtl-optimization/92180
	* gcc.target/i386/pr92180.c: New test.