1 <sect1 id=
"appendix.porting.api" xreflabel=
"api">
2 <?dbhtml filename=
"api.html"?>
6 <keyword>ISO C++
</keyword>
8 <keyword>evolution
</keyword>
9 <keyword>deprecation
</keyword>
10 <keyword>history
</keyword>
14 <title>API Evolution and Deprecation History
</title>
17 A list of user-visible changes, in chronological order
20 <sect2 id=
"api.rel_300">
21 <title><constant>3.0</constant></title>
24 Extensions moved to
<filename class=
"directory">include/ext
</filename>.
28 Include files from the SGI/HP sources that pre-date the ISO standard
29 are added. These files are placed into
30 the
<filename class=
"directory">include/backward
</filename> directory and a deprecated warning
31 is added that notifies on inclusion (
<literal>-Wno-deprecated
</literal>
32 deactivates the warning.)
35 <para>Deprecated include
<filename class=
"headerfile">backward/strstream
</filename> added.
</para>
37 <para>Removal of include
<filename class=
"headerfile">builtinbuf.h
</filename>,
<filename class=
"headerfile">indstream.h
</filename>,
<filename class=
"headerfile">parsestream.h
</filename>,
<filename class=
"headerfile">PlotFile.h
</filename>,
<filename class=
"headerfile">SFile.h
</filename>,
<filename class=
"headerfile">stdiostream.h
</filename>, and
<filename class=
"headerfile">stream.h
</filename>.
44 <sect2 id=
"api.rel_310">
45 <title><constant>3.1</constant></title>
50 Extensions from SGI/HP moved from
<code>namespace std
</code>
51 to
<code>namespace __gnu_cxx
</code>. As part of this, the following
53 added:
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/algorithm
</filename>,
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/functional
</filename>,
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/iterator
</filename>,
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/memory
</filename>, and
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/numeric
</filename>.
57 Extensions to
<code>basic_filebuf
</code> introduced:
<code>__gnu_cxx::enc_filebuf
</code>, and
<code>__gnu_cxx::stdio_filebuf
</code>.
61 Extensions to tree data structures added in
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/rb_tree
</filename>.
65 Removal of
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/tree
</filename>, moved to
<filename class=
"headerfile">backward/tree.h
</filename>.
70 <sect2 id=
"api.rel_320">
71 <title><constant>3.2</constant></title>
74 <para>Symbol versioning introduced for shared library.
</para>
76 <para>Removal of include
<filename class=
"headerfile">backward/strstream.h
</filename>.
</para>
78 <para>Allocator changes. Change
<code>__malloc_alloc
</code> to
<code>malloc_allocator
</code> and
<code>__new_alloc
</code> to
<code>new_allocator
</code>.
</para>
80 <para> For GCC releases from
2.95 through the
3.1 series, defining
81 <literal>__USE_MALLOC
</literal> on the gcc command line would change the
82 default allocation strategy to instead use
<code> malloc
</code> and
83 <function>free
</function>. (This same functionality is now spelled
<literal>_GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW
</literal>, see
84 <link linkend=
"manual.intro.using.macros">this page
</link>
89 <para>Error handling in iostreams cleaned up, made consistent.
</para>
94 <sect2 id=
"api.rel_330">
95 <title><constant>3.3</constant></title>
100 <sect2 id=
"api.rel_340">
101 <title><constant>3.4</constant></title>
108 <para> Extensions for generic characters and
<code>char_traits
</code> added in
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/pod_char_traits.h
</filename>.
112 Support for
<code>wchar_t
</code> specializations of
<code>basic_filebuf
</code> enhanced to support
<code>UTF-
8</code> and
<code>Unicode
</code>, depending on host. More hosts support basic
<code>wchar_t
</code> functionality.
116 Support for
<code>char_traits
</code> beyond builtin types.
120 Conformant
<code>allocator
</code> class and usage in containers. As
121 part of this, the following extensions are
122 added:
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/bitmap_allocator.h
</filename>,
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/debug_allocator.h
</filename>,
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/mt_allocator.h
</filename>,
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/malloc_allocator.h
</filename>,
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/new_allocator.h
</filename>,
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/pool_allocator.h
</filename>.
126 This is a change from all previous versions, and may require
127 source-level changes due to allocator-related changes to structures
128 names and template parameters, filenames, and file locations. Some,
129 like
<code>__simple_alloc, __allocator, __alloc,
</code> and
<code>
130 _Alloc_traits
</code> have been removed.
133 <para>Default behavior of
<code>std::allocator
</code> has changed.
</para>
136 Previous versions prior to
3.4 cache allocations in a memory
137 pool, instead of passing through to call the global allocation
138 operators (i.e.,
<classname>__gnu_cxx::pool_allocator
</classname>). More
139 recent versions default to the
140 simpler
<classname>__gnu_cxx::new_allocator
</classname>.
143 <para> Previously, all allocators were written to the SGI
144 style, and all STL containers expected this interface. This
145 interface had a traits class called
<code>_Alloc_traits
</code> that
146 attempted to provide more information for compile-time allocation
147 selection and optimization. This traits class had another allocator
148 wrapper,
<code>__simple_alloc
<T,A
></code>, which was a
149 wrapper around another allocator, A, which itself is an allocator
150 for instances of T. But wait, there's more:
151 <code>__allocator
<T,A
></code> is another adapter. Many of
152 the provided allocator classes were SGI style: such classes can be
153 changed to a conforming interface with this wrapper:
154 <code>__allocator
<T, __alloc
></code> is thus the same as
155 <code>allocator
<T
></code>.
158 <para> The class
<classname>allocator
</classname> used the typedef
159 <type>__alloc
</type> to select an underlying allocator that
160 satisfied memory allocation requests. The selection of this
161 underlying allocator was not user-configurable.
165 <title>Extension Allocators
</title>
166 <tgroup cols='
4' align='left' colsep='
1' rowsep='
1'
>
167 <colspec colname='c1'
></colspec>
168 <colspec colname='c2'
></colspec>
169 <colspec colname='c3'
></colspec>
170 <colspec colname='c4'
></colspec>
174 <entry>Allocator (
3.4)
</entry>
175 <entry>Header (
3.4)
</entry>
176 <entry>Allocator (
3.[
0-
3])
</entry>
177 <entry>Header (
3.[
0-
3])
</entry>
183 <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::new_allocator
<T
></classname></entry>
184 <entry><filename class=
"headerfile">ext/new_allocator.h
</filename></entry>
185 <entry><classname>std::__new_alloc
</classname></entry>
186 <entry><filename class=
"headerfile">memory
</filename></entry>
189 <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::malloc_allocator
<T
></classname></entry>
190 <entry><filename class=
"headerfile">ext/malloc_allocator.h
</filename></entry>
191 <entry><classname>std::__malloc_alloc_template
<int
></classname></entry>
192 <entry><filename class=
"headerfile">memory
</filename></entry>
195 <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::debug_allocator
<T
></classname></entry>
196 <entry><filename class=
"headerfile">ext/debug_allocator.h
</filename></entry>
197 <entry><classname>std::debug_alloc
<T
></classname></entry>
198 <entry><filename class=
"headerfile">memory
</filename></entry>
201 <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::__pool_alloc
<T
></classname></entry>
202 <entry><filename class=
"headerfile">ext/pool_allocator.h
</filename></entry>
203 <entry><classname>std::__default_alloc_template
<bool,int
></classname></entry>
204 <entry><filename class=
"headerfile">memory
</filename></entry>
207 <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::__mt_alloc
<T
></classname></entry>
208 <entry><filename class=
"headerfile">ext/mt_allocator.h
</filename></entry>
213 <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::bitmap_allocator
<T
></classname></entry>
214 <entry><filename class=
"headerfile">ext/bitmap_allocator.h
</filename></entry>
222 <para> Releases after gcc-
3.4 have continued to add to the collection
223 of available allocators. All of these new allocators are
224 standard-style. The following table includes details, along with
225 the first released version of GCC that included the extension allocator.
229 <title>Extension Allocators Continued
</title>
230 <tgroup cols='
3' align='left' colsep='
1' rowsep='
1'
>
231 <colspec colname='c1'
></colspec>
232 <colspec colname='c2'
></colspec>
233 <colspec colname='c3'
></colspec>
237 <entry>Allocator
</entry>
238 <entry>Include
</entry>
239 <entry>Version
</entry>
245 <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::array_allocator
<T
></classname></entry>
246 <entry><filename class=
"headerfile">ext/array_allocator.h
</filename></entry>
250 <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::throw_allocator
<T
></classname></entry>
251 <entry><filename class=
"headerfile">ext/throw_allocator.h
</filename></entry>
260 Debug mode first appears.
264 Precompiled header support
<acronym>PCH
</acronym> support.
268 Macro guard for changed, from
<literal>_GLIBCPP_
</literal> to
<literal>_GLIBCXX_
</literal>.
272 Extension
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/stdio_sync_filebuf.h
</filename> added.
276 Extension
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/demangle.h
</filename> added.
282 <sect2 id=
"api.rel_400">
283 <title><constant>4.0</constant></title>
287 TR1 features first appear.
291 Extension allocator
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/array_allocator.h
</filename> added.
295 Extension
<code>codecvt
</code> specializations moved to
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/codecvt_specializations.h
</filename>.
299 Removal of
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/demangle.h
</filename>.
305 <sect2 id=
"api.rel_410">
306 <title><constant>4.1</constant></title>
312 Removal of
<filename class=
"headerfile">cassert
</filename> from all standard headers: now has to be explicitly included for
<code>std::assert
</code> calls.
315 <para> Extensions for policy-based data structures first added. New includes,
316 types, namespace
<code>pb_assoc
</code>.
321 <para> Extensions for typelists added in
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/typelist.h
</filename>.
324 <para> Extension for policy-based
<code>basic_string
</code> first added:
<code>__gnu_cxx::__versa_string
</code> in
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/vstring.h
</filename>.
329 <sect2 id=
"api.rel_420">
330 <title><constant>4.2</constant></title>
335 <para> Default visibility attributes applied to
<code>namespace std
</code>. Support for
<code>-fvisibility
</code>.
338 <para>TR1
<filename class=
"headerfile">random
</filename>,
<filename class=
"headerfile">complex
</filename>, and C compatibility headers added.
</para>
340 <para> Extensions for concurrent programming consolidated
341 into
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/concurrence.h
</filename> and
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/atomicity.h
</filename>,
342 including change of namespace to
<code>__gnu_cxx
</code> in some
344 include
<code>_Lock_policy
</code>,
<code>__concurrence_lock_error
</code>,
<code>__concurrence_unlock_error
</code>,
<code>__mutex
</code>,
<code>__scoped_lock
</code>.
</para>
346 <para> Extensions for type traits consolidated
347 into
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/type_traits.h
</filename>. Additional traits are added
348 (
<code>__conditional_type
</code>,
<code>__enable_if
</code>, others.)
351 <para> Extensions for policy-based data structures revised. New includes,
352 types, namespace moved to
<code>__pb_ds
</code>.
355 <para> Extensions for debug mode modified: now nested in
<code>namespace
356 std::__debug
</code> and extensions in
<code>namespace
357 __gnu_cxx::__debug
</code>.
</para>
359 <para> Extensions added:
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/typelist.h
</filename>
360 and
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/throw_allocator.h
</filename>.
365 <sect2 id=
"api.rel_430">
366 <title><constant>4.3</constant></title>
372 C++
0X features first appear.
375 <para>TR1
<filename class=
"headerfile">regex
</filename> and
<filename class=
"headerfile">cmath
</filename>'s mathematical special function added.
379 Backward include edit.
385 <filename class=
"headerfile">algobase.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">algo.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">alloc.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">bvector.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">complex.h
</filename>
386 <filename class=
"headerfile">defalloc.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">deque.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">fstream.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">function.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">hash_map.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">hash_set.h
</filename>
387 <filename class=
"headerfile">hashtable.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">heap.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">iomanip.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">iostream.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">istream.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">iterator.h
</filename>
388 <filename class=
"headerfile">list.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">map.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">multimap.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">multiset.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">new.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">ostream.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">pair.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">queue.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">rope.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">set.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">slist.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">stack.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">streambuf.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">stream.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">tempbuf.h
</filename>
389 <filename class=
"headerfile">tree.h
</filename> <filename class=
"headerfile">vector.h
</filename>
395 <filename class=
"headerfile">hash_map
</filename> and
<filename class=
"headerfile">hash_set
</filename>
399 <para>Added in C++
0x
</para>
401 <filename class=
"headerfile">auto_ptr.h
</filename> and
<filename class=
"headerfile">binders.h
</filename>
408 Header dependency streamlining.
412 <listitem><para><filename class=
"headerfile">algorithm
</filename> no longer includes
<filename class=
"headerfile">climits
</filename>,
<filename class=
"headerfile">cstring
</filename>, or
<filename class=
"headerfile">iosfwd
</filename> </para></listitem>
413 <listitem><para><filename class=
"headerfile">bitset
</filename> no longer includes
<filename class=
"headerfile">istream
</filename> or
<filename class=
"headerfile">ostream
</filename>, adds
<filename class=
"headerfile">iosfwd
</filename> </para></listitem>
414 <listitem><para><filename class=
"headerfile">functional
</filename> no longer includes
<filename class=
"headerfile">cstddef
</filename></para></listitem>
415 <listitem><para><filename class=
"headerfile">iomanip
</filename> no longer includes
<filename class=
"headerfile">istream
</filename>,
<filename class=
"headerfile">istream
</filename>, or
<filename class=
"headerfile">functional
</filename>, adds
<filename class=
"headerfile">ioswd
</filename> </para></listitem>
416 <listitem><para><filename class=
"headerfile">numeric
</filename> no longer includes
<filename class=
"headerfile">iterator
</filename></para></listitem>
417 <listitem><para><filename class=
"headerfile">string
</filename> no longer includes
<filename class=
"headerfile">algorithm
</filename> or
<filename class=
"headerfile">memory
</filename></para></listitem>
419 <listitem><para><filename class=
"headerfile">valarray
</filename> no longer includes
<filename class=
"headerfile">numeric
</filename> or
<filename class=
"headerfile">cstdlib
</filename></para></listitem>
420 <listitem><para><filename class=
"headerfile">tr1/hashtable
</filename> no longer includes
<filename class=
"headerfile">memory
</filename> or
<filename class=
"headerfile">functional
</filename></para></listitem>
421 <listitem><para><filename class=
"headerfile">tr1/memory
</filename> no longer includes
<filename class=
"headerfile">algorithm
</filename></para></listitem>
422 <listitem><para><filename class=
"headerfile">tr1/random
</filename> no longer includes
<filename class=
"headerfile">algorithm
</filename> or
<filename class=
"headerfile">fstream
</filename></para></listitem>
426 Debug mode for
<filename class=
"headerfile">unordered_map
</filename> and
<filename class=
"headerfile">unordered_set
</filename>.
430 Parallel mode first appears.
433 <para>Variadic template implementations of items in
<filename class=
"headerfile">tuple
</filename> and
434 <filename class=
"headerfile">functional
</filename>.
437 <para>Default
<code>what
</code> implementations give more elaborate
438 exception strings for
<code>bad_cast
</code>,
439 <code>bad_typeid
</code>,
<code>bad_exception
</code>, and
440 <code>bad_alloc
</code>.
444 PCH binary files no longer installed. Instead, the source files are installed.
448 Namespace pb_ds moved to __gnu_pb_ds.
454 <sect2 id=
"api.rel_440">
455 <title><constant>4.4</constant></title>
469 <filename class=
"headerfile">atomic
</filename>,
470 <filename class=
"headerfile">chrono
</filename>,
471 <filename class=
"headerfile">condition_variable
</filename>,
472 <filename class=
"headerfile">forward_list
</filename>,
473 <filename class=
"headerfile">initializer_list
</filename>,
474 <filename class=
"headerfile">mutex
</filename>,
475 <filename class=
"headerfile">ratio
</filename>,
476 <filename class=
"headerfile">thread
</filename>
482 Updated and improved.
485 <filename class=
"headerfile">algorithm
</filename>,
486 <filename class=
"headerfile">system_error
</filename>,
487 <filename class=
"headerfile">type_traits
</filename>
493 Use of the GNU extension namespace association converted to inline namespaces.
499 Preliminary support for
<classname>initializer_list
</classname>
500 and defaulted and deleted constructors in container classes.
506 <classname>unique_ptr
</classname>.
512 Support for new character types
<type>char16_t
</type>
513 and
<type>char32_t
</type> added
514 to
<classname>char_traits
</classname>,
<classname>basic_string
</classname>,
<classname>numeric_limits
</classname>,
515 and assorted compile-time type traits.
521 Support for string conversions
<function>to_string
</function>
522 and
<function>to_wstring
</function>.
528 Member functions taking string arguments were added to iostreams
529 including
<classname>basic_filebuf
</classname>,
<classname>basic_ofstream
</classname>,
530 and
<classname>basic_ifstream
</classname>.
536 Exception propagation support,
537 including
<classname>exception_ptr
</classname>,
<function>current_exception
</function>,
<function>copy_exception
</function>,
538 and
<function>rethrow_exception
</function>.
545 Uglification of
<literal>try
</literal> to
<literal>__try
</literal>
546 and
<literal>catch
</literal> to
<literal>__catch
</literal>.
550 Audit of internal mutex usage, conversion to funtions returning static
555 added:
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/pointer.h
</filename>
556 and
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/extptr_allocator.h
</filename>. Support
557 for non-standard pointer types has been added
558 to
<classname>vector
</classname>
559 and
<classname>forward_list
</classname>.
563 <sect2 id=
"api.rel_450">
564 <title><constant>4.5</constant></title>
578 <filename class=
"headerfile">future
</filename>,
579 <filename class=
"headerfile">random
</filename>
585 Updated and improved.
588 <filename class=
"headerfile">atomic
</filename>,
589 <filename class=
"headerfile">system_error
</filename>,
590 <filename class=
"headerfile">type_traits
</filename>
596 Add support for explicit operators and standard layout types.
602 Profile mode first appears.
606 Support for decimal floating-point arithmetic, including
<classname>decimal32
</classname>,
<classname>decimal64
</classname>, and
<classname>decimal128
</classname>.
610 Python pretty-printers are added for use with appropriately-advanced versions of
<command>gdb
</command>.
614 Audit for application of function attributes notrow, const, pure, and noreturn.
617 <para> Extensions modified:
<filename class=
"headerfile">ext/throw_allocator.h
</filename>. In addition, experimental support was added for
<filename class=
"headerfile">random
</filename> serialization operators.