class.c (instantiate_type): Be more helpful.

[gcc.git] / gcc / cp / decl2.c

/* Process declarations and variables for C compiler.
   Copyright (C) 1988, 92, 93, 94, 95, 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Hacked by Michael Tiemann (tiemann@cygnus.com)

This file is part of GNU CC.

GNU CC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.

GNU CC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU CC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */


/* Process declarations and symbol lookup for C front end.
   Also constructs types; the standard scalar types at initialization,
   and structure, union, array and enum types when they are declared.  */

/* ??? not all decl nodes are given the most useful possible
   line numbers.  For example, the CONST_DECLs for enum values.  */

#include "config.h"
#include "system.h"
#include "tree.h"
#include "rtl.h"
#include "flags.h"
#include "cp-tree.h"
#include "decl.h"
#include "lex.h"
#include "output.h"
#include "except.h"
#include "expr.h"
#include "defaults.h"
#include "toplev.h"
#include "dwarf2out.h"
#include "dwarfout.h"

#if USE_CPPLIB
#include "cpplib.h"
extern cpp_reader  parse_in;
extern cpp_options parse_options;
static int cpp_initialized;
#endif

static tree get_sentry PROTO((tree));
static void mark_vtable_entries PROTO((tree));
static void grok_function_init PROTO((tree, tree));
static int finish_vtable_vardecl PROTO((tree, tree));
static int prune_vtable_vardecl PROTO((tree, tree));
static void finish_sigtable_vardecl PROTO((tree, tree));
static int is_namespace_ancestor PROTO((tree, tree));
static void add_using_namespace PROTO((tree, tree, int));
static tree ambiguous_decl PROTO((tree, tree, tree,int));
static tree build_anon_union_vars PROTO((tree, tree*, int, int));
static void check_decl_namespace PROTO((void));

extern int current_class_depth;

/* A list of virtual function tables we must make sure to write out.  */
tree pending_vtables;

/* A list of static class variables.  This is needed, because a
   static class variable can be declared inside the class without
   an initializer, and then initialized, staticly, outside the class.  */
tree pending_statics;

/* A list of functions which were declared inline, but which we
   may need to emit outline anyway.  */
static tree saved_inlines;

/* Used to help generate temporary names which are unique within
   a function.  Reset to 0 by start_function.  */

int temp_name_counter;

/* Same, but not reset.  Local temp variables and global temp variables
   can have the same name.  */
static int global_temp_name_counter;

/* Flag used when debugging spew.c */

extern int spew_debug;

/* Nonzero if we're done parsing and into end-of-file activities.  */

int at_eof;

/* Functions called along with real static constructors and destructors.  */

tree static_ctors, static_dtors;

/* The current open namespace, and ::. */

tree current_namespace;
tree global_namespace;

/* The stack for namespaces of current declarations. */

static tree decl_namespace_list;

\f
/* C (and C++) language-specific option variables.  */

/* Nonzero means allow type mismatches in conditional expressions;
   just make their values `void'.   */

int flag_cond_mismatch;

/* Nonzero means give `double' the same size as `float'.  */

int flag_short_double;

/* Nonzero means don't recognize the keyword `asm'.  */

int flag_no_asm;

/* Nonzero means don't recognize any extension keywords.  */

int flag_no_gnu_keywords;

/* Nonzero means don't recognize the non-ANSI builtin functions.  */

int flag_no_builtin;

/* Nonzero means don't recognize the non-ANSI builtin functions.
   -ansi sets this.  */

int flag_no_nonansi_builtin;

/* Nonzero means do some things the same way PCC does.  Only provided so
   the compiler will link.  */

int flag_traditional;

/* Nonzero means to treat bitfields as unsigned unless they say `signed'.  */

int flag_signed_bitfields = 1;

/* Nonzero means handle `#ident' directives.  0 means ignore them.  */

int flag_no_ident;

/* Nonzero means enable obscure ANSI features and disable GNU extensions
   that might cause ANSI-compliant code to be miscompiled.  */

int flag_ansi;

/* Nonzero means do emit exported implementations of functions even if
   they can be inlined.  */

int flag_implement_inlines = 1;

/* Nonzero means do emit exported implementations of templates, instead of
   multiple static copies in each file that needs a definition.  */

int flag_external_templates;

/* Nonzero means that the decision to emit or not emit the implementation of a
   template depends on where the template is instantiated, rather than where
   it is defined.  */

int flag_alt_external_templates;

/* Nonzero means that implicit instantiations will be emitted if needed.  */

int flag_implicit_templates = 1;

/* Nonzero means that implicit instantiations of inline templates will be
   emitted if needed, even if instantiations of non-inline templates
   aren't.  */

int flag_implicit_inline_templates = 1;

/* Nonzero means allow numerical priorities on constructors.  */

#ifdef USE_INIT_PRIORITY
int flag_init_priority = 1;
#else
int flag_init_priority;
#endif

/* Nonzero means warn about implicit declarations.  */

int warn_implicit = 1;

/* Nonzero means warn about usage of long long when `-pedantic'.  */

int warn_long_long = 1;

/* Nonzero means warn when all ctors or dtors are private, and the class
   has no friends.  */

int warn_ctor_dtor_privacy = 1;

/* True if we want to implement vtables using "thunks".
   The default is off.  */

#ifndef DEFAULT_VTABLE_THUNKS
#define DEFAULT_VTABLE_THUNKS 0
#endif
int flag_vtable_thunks = DEFAULT_VTABLE_THUNKS;

/* True if we want to deal with repository information.  */

int flag_use_repository;

/* Nonzero if we want to issue diagnostics that the standard says are not
   required.  */

int flag_optional_diags = 1;

/* Nonzero means give string constants the type `const char *', as mandated
   by the standard.  */

int flag_const_strings = 1;

/* Nonzero means warn about deprecated conversion from string constant to
   `char *'.  */

int warn_write_strings;

/* Nonzero means warn about pointer casts that can drop a type qualifier
   from the pointer target type.  */

int warn_cast_qual;

/* Nonzero means warn about sizeof(function) or addition/subtraction
   of function pointers.  */

int warn_pointer_arith = 1;

/* Nonzero means warn for any function def without prototype decl.  */

int warn_missing_prototypes;

/* Nonzero means warn about multiple (redundant) decls for the same single
   variable or function.  */

int warn_redundant_decls;

/* Warn if initializer is not completely bracketed.  */

int warn_missing_braces;

/* Warn about comparison of signed and unsigned values.  */

int warn_sign_compare;

/* Warn about *printf or *scanf format/argument anomalies.  */

int warn_format;

/* Warn about a subscript that has type char.  */

int warn_char_subscripts;

/* Warn if a type conversion is done that might have confusing results.  */

int warn_conversion;

/* Warn if adding () is suggested.  */

int warn_parentheses;

/* Non-zero means warn in function declared in derived class has the
   same name as a virtual in the base class, but fails to match the
   type signature of any virtual function in the base class.  */
int warn_overloaded_virtual;

/* Non-zero means warn when declaring a class that has a non virtual
   destructor, when it really ought to have a virtual one.  */
int warn_nonvdtor;

/* Non-zero means warn when a function is declared extern and later inline.  */
int warn_extern_inline;

/* Non-zero means warn when the compiler will reorder code.  */
int warn_reorder;

/* Non-zero means warn when synthesis behavior differs from Cfront's.  */
int warn_synth;

/* Non-zero means warn when we convert a pointer to member function
   into a pointer to (void or function).  */
int warn_pmf2ptr = 1;

/* Nonzero means warn about violation of some Effective C++ style rules.  */

int warn_ecpp;

/* Nonzero means warn where overload resolution chooses a promotion from
   unsigned to signed over a conversion to an unsigned of the same size.  */

int warn_sign_promo;

/* Nonzero means warn when an old-style cast is used.  */

int warn_old_style_cast;

/* Warn about #pragma directives that are not recognised.  */      

int warn_unknown_pragmas; /* Tri state variable.  */  

/* Nonzero means warn about use of multicharacter literals.  */

int warn_multichar = 1;

/* Nonzero means warn when non-templatized friend functions are
   declared within a template */

int warn_nontemplate_friend = 1;

/* Nonzero means `$' can be in an identifier.  */

#ifndef DOLLARS_IN_IDENTIFIERS
#define DOLLARS_IN_IDENTIFIERS 1
#endif
int dollars_in_ident = DOLLARS_IN_IDENTIFIERS;

/* Nonzero for -fno-strict-prototype switch: do not consider empty
   argument prototype to mean function takes no arguments.  */

int flag_strict_prototype = 2;
int strict_prototype = 1;
int strict_prototypes_lang_c, strict_prototypes_lang_cplusplus = 1;

/* Nonzero means that labels can be used as first-class objects */

int flag_labels_ok;

/* Non-zero means to collect statistics which might be expensive
   and to print them when we are done.  */
int flag_detailed_statistics;

/* C++ specific flags.  */   
/* Zero means that `this' is a *const.  This gives nice behavior in the
   2.0 world.  1 gives 1.2-compatible behavior.  2 gives Spring behavior.
   -2 means we're constructing an object and it has fixed type.  */

int flag_this_is_variable;

/* 3 means write out only virtuals function tables `defined'
   in this implementation file.
   0 means write out virtual function tables and give them
   (C) static access (default).  */

int write_virtuals;

/* Nonzero means we should attempt to elide constructors when possible.  */

int flag_elide_constructors = 1;

/* Nonzero means recognize and handle signature language constructs.  */

int flag_handle_signatures;

/* Nonzero means that member functions defined in class scope are
   inline by default.  */

int flag_default_inline = 1;

/* Controls whether compiler generates 'type descriptor' that give
   run-time type information.  */
int flag_rtti = 1;

/* Nonzero if we wish to output cross-referencing information
   for the GNU class browser.  */
extern int flag_gnu_xref;

/* Nonzero if we want to support huge (> 2^(sizeof(short)*8-1) bytes)
   objects.  */

int flag_huge_objects;

/* Nonzero if we want to conserve space in the .o files.  We do this
   by putting uninitialized data and runtime initialized data into
   .common instead of .data at the expense of not flagging multiple
   definitions.  */

int flag_conserve_space;

/* Nonzero if we want to obey access control semantics.  */

int flag_access_control = 1;

/* Nonzero if we want to understand the operator names, i.e. 'bitand'.  */

int flag_operator_names;

/* Nonzero if we want to check the return value of new and avoid calling
   constructors if it is a null pointer.  */

int flag_check_new;

/* Nonzero if we want the new ANSI rules for pushing a new scope for `for'
   initialization variables.
   0: Old rules, set by -fno-for-scope.
   2: New ANSI rules, set by -ffor-scope.
   1: Try to implement new ANSI rules, but with backup compatibility
   (and warnings).  This is the default, for now.  */

int flag_new_for_scope = 1;

/* Nonzero if we want to emit defined symbols with common-like linkage as
   weak symbols where possible, in order to conform to C++ semantics.
   Otherwise, emit them as local symbols.  */

int flag_weak = 1;

/* Nonzero to enable experimental ABI changes.  */

int flag_new_abi;

/* Nonzero to not ignore namespace std. */

int flag_honor_std;

/* Maximum template instantiation depth. Must be at least 17 for ANSI
   compliance. */

int max_tinst_depth = 17;

/* The name-mangling scheme to use.  Must be 1 or greater to support
   template functions with identical types, but different template
   arguments.  */
int name_mangling_version = 2;

/* Nonzero means that guiding declarations are allowed.  */
int flag_guiding_decls;

/* Nonzero if squashed mangling is to be performed. 
   This uses the B and K codes to reference previously seen class types 
   and class qualifiers.       */
int flag_do_squangling;

/* Nonzero means output .vtable_{entry,inherit} for use in doing vtable gc.  */

int flag_vtable_gc;

/* Table of language-dependent -f options.
   STRING is the option name.  VARIABLE is the address of the variable.
   ON_VALUE is the value to store in VARIABLE
    if `-fSTRING' is seen as an option.
   (If `-fno-STRING' is seen as an option, the opposite value is stored.)  */

static struct { char *string; int *variable; int on_value;} lang_f_options[] =
{
  {"signed-char", &flag_signed_char, 1},
  {"unsigned-char", &flag_signed_char, 0},
  {"signed-bitfields", &flag_signed_bitfields, 1},
  {"unsigned-bitfields", &flag_signed_bitfields, 0},
  {"short-enums", &flag_short_enums, 1},
  {"short-double", &flag_short_double, 1},
  {"cond-mismatch", &flag_cond_mismatch, 1},
  {"squangle", &flag_do_squangling, 1},
  {"asm", &flag_no_asm, 0},
  {"builtin", &flag_no_builtin, 0},
  {"ident", &flag_no_ident, 0},
  {"labels-ok", &flag_labels_ok, 1},
  {"const-strings", &flag_const_strings, 1},
  {"stats", &flag_detailed_statistics, 1},
  {"this-is-variable", &flag_this_is_variable, 1},
  {"strict-prototype", &flag_strict_prototype, 1},
  {"elide-constructors", &flag_elide_constructors, 1},
  {"handle-exceptions", &flag_exceptions, 1},
  {"handle-signatures", &flag_handle_signatures, 1},
  {"default-inline", &flag_default_inline, 1},
  {"dollars-in-identifiers", &dollars_in_ident, 1},
  {"honor-std", &flag_honor_std, 1},
  {"rtti", &flag_rtti, 1},
  {"xref", &flag_gnu_xref, 1},
  {"implement-inlines", &flag_implement_inlines, 1},
  {"external-templates", &flag_external_templates, 1},
  {"implicit-templates", &flag_implicit_templates, 1},
  {"implicit-inline-templates", &flag_implicit_inline_templates, 1},
  {"init-priority", &flag_init_priority, 1},
  {"huge-objects", &flag_huge_objects, 1},
  {"conserve-space", &flag_conserve_space, 1},
  {"vtable-gc", &flag_vtable_gc, 1},
  {"vtable-thunks", &flag_vtable_thunks, 1},
  {"access-control", &flag_access_control, 1},
  {"nonansi-builtins", &flag_no_nonansi_builtin, 0},
  {"gnu-keywords", &flag_no_gnu_keywords, 0},
  {"operator-names", &flag_operator_names, 1},
  {"optional-diags", &flag_optional_diags, 1},
  {"check-new", &flag_check_new, 1},
  {"repo", &flag_use_repository, 1},
  {"for-scope", &flag_new_for_scope, 2},
  {"weak", &flag_weak, 1}
};

/* Decode the string P as a language-specific option.
   Return the number of strings consumed for a valid option.
   Otherwise return 0.  */

int   
lang_decode_option (argc, argv)
     int argc
#if !USE_CPPLIB
  ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED
#endif
  ;
     char **argv;

{
  int strings_processed;
  char *p = argv[0];
#if USE_CPPLIB
  if (! cpp_initialized)
    {
      cpp_reader_init (&parse_in);
      parse_in.data = &parse_options;
      cpp_options_init (&parse_options);
      cpp_initialized = 1;
    }
  strings_processed = cpp_handle_option (&parse_in, argc, argv);
#else
  strings_processed = 0;
#endif /* ! USE_CPPLIB */

  if (!strcmp (p, "-ftraditional") || !strcmp (p, "-traditional"))
    /* ignore */;
  else if (p[0] == '-' && p[1] == 'f')
    {
      /* Some kind of -f option.
         P's value is the option sans `-f'.
         Search for it in the table of options.  */
      int found = 0;
      size_t j;

      p += 2;
      /* Try special -f options.  */

      if (!strcmp (p, "handle-exceptions")
          || !strcmp (p, "no-handle-exceptions"))
        warning ("-fhandle-exceptions has been renamed to -fexceptions (and is now on by default)");

      if (!strcmp (p, "memoize-lookups")
          || !strcmp (p, "no-memoize-lookups")
          || !strcmp (p, "save-memoized")
          || !strcmp (p, "no-save-memoized")
          || !strcmp (p, "no-all-virtual")
          || !strcmp (p, "no-enum-int-equiv")
          || !strcmp (p, "nonnull-objects")
          || !strcmp (p, "ansi-overloading"))
        {
          /* ignore */
          found = 1;
        }
      else if (!strcmp (p, "all-virtual")
               || !strcmp (p, "enum-int-equiv")
               || !strcmp (p, "no-nonnull-objects")
               || !strcmp (p, "no-ansi-overloading"))
        {
          warning ("-f%s is no longer supported", p);
          found = 1;
        }
      else if (! strcmp (p, "alt-external-templates"))
        {
          flag_external_templates = 1;
          flag_alt_external_templates = 1;
          found = 1;
        }
      else if (! strcmp (p, "no-alt-external-templates"))
        {
          flag_alt_external_templates = 0;
          found = 1;
        }
      else if (!strcmp (p, "repo"))
        {
          flag_use_repository = 1;
          flag_implicit_templates = 0;
          found = 1;
        }
      else if (!strcmp (p, "guiding-decls"))
        {
          flag_guiding_decls = 1;
          name_mangling_version = 0;
          found = 1;
        }
      else if (!strcmp (p, "no-guiding-decls"))
        {
          flag_guiding_decls = 0;
          found = 1;
        }
      else if (!strcmp (p, "new-abi"))
        {
          flag_new_abi = 1;
          flag_do_squangling = 1;
          flag_honor_std = 1;
          flag_vtable_thunks = 1;
        }
      else if (!strcmp (p, "no-new-abi"))
        {
          flag_new_abi = 0;
          flag_do_squangling = 0;
          flag_honor_std = 0;
        }
      else if (!strncmp (p, "template-depth-", 15))
        {
          char *endp = p + 15;
          while (*endp)
            {
              if (*endp >= '0' && *endp <= '9')
                endp++;
              else
                {
                  error ("Invalid option `%s'", p - 2);
                  goto template_depth_lose;
                }
            }
          max_tinst_depth = atoi (p + 15);
        template_depth_lose: ;
        }
      else if (!strncmp (p, "name-mangling-version-", 22))
        {
          char *endp = p + 22;
          while (*endp)
            {
              if (*endp >= '0' && *endp <= '9')
                endp++;
              else
                {
                  error ("Invalid option `%s'", p - 2);
                  goto mangling_version_lose;
                }
            }
          name_mangling_version = atoi (p + 22);
        mangling_version_lose: ;
        }
      else for (j = 0;
                !found && j < sizeof (lang_f_options) / sizeof (lang_f_options[0]);
                j++)
        {
          if (!strcmp (p, lang_f_options[j].string))
            {
              *lang_f_options[j].variable = lang_f_options[j].on_value;
              /* A goto here would be cleaner,
                 but breaks the vax pcc.  */
              found = 1;
            }
          if (p[0] == 'n' && p[1] == 'o' && p[2] == '-'
              && ! strcmp (p+3, lang_f_options[j].string))
            {
              *lang_f_options[j].variable = ! lang_f_options[j].on_value;
              found = 1;
            }
        }
      return found;
    }
  else if (p[0] == '-' && p[1] == 'W')
    {
      int setting = 1;

      /* The -W options control the warning behavior of the compiler.  */
      p += 2;

      if (p[0] == 'n' && p[1] == 'o' && p[2] == '-')
        setting = 0, p += 3;

      if (!strcmp (p, "implicit"))
        warn_implicit = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "long-long"))
        warn_long_long = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "return-type"))
        warn_return_type = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "ctor-dtor-privacy"))
        warn_ctor_dtor_privacy = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "write-strings"))
        warn_write_strings = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "cast-qual"))
        warn_cast_qual = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "char-subscripts"))
        warn_char_subscripts = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "pointer-arith"))
        warn_pointer_arith = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "missing-prototypes"))
        warn_missing_prototypes = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "redundant-decls"))
        warn_redundant_decls = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "missing-braces"))
        warn_missing_braces = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "sign-compare"))
        warn_sign_compare = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "format"))
        warn_format = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "conversion"))
        warn_conversion = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "parentheses"))
        warn_parentheses = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "non-virtual-dtor"))
        warn_nonvdtor = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "extern-inline"))
        warn_extern_inline = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "reorder"))
        warn_reorder = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "synth"))
        warn_synth = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "pmf-conversions"))
        warn_pmf2ptr = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "effc++"))
        warn_ecpp = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "sign-promo"))
        warn_sign_promo = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "old-style-cast"))
        warn_old_style_cast = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "overloaded-virtual"))
        warn_overloaded_virtual = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "multichar"))
        warn_multichar = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "unknown-pragmas"))
        /* Set to greater than 1, so that even unknown pragmas in
           system headers will be warned about.  */  
        warn_unknown_pragmas = setting * 2;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "non-template-friend"))
        warn_nontemplate_friend = setting;
      else if (!strcmp (p, "comment"))
        ;                       /* cpp handles this one.  */
      else if (!strcmp (p, "comments"))
        ;                       /* cpp handles this one.  */
      else if (!strcmp (p, "trigraphs"))
        ;                       /* cpp handles this one.  */
      else if (!strcmp (p, "import"))
        ;                       /* cpp handles this one.  */
      else if (!strcmp (p, "all"))
        {
          warn_return_type = setting;
          warn_unused = setting;
          warn_implicit = setting;
          warn_ctor_dtor_privacy = setting;
          warn_switch = setting;
          warn_format = setting;
          warn_parentheses = setting;
          warn_missing_braces = setting;
          warn_sign_compare = setting;
          warn_extern_inline = setting;
          warn_nonvdtor = setting;
          warn_multichar = setting;
          /* We save the value of warn_uninitialized, since if they put
             -Wuninitialized on the command line, we need to generate a
             warning about not using it without also specifying -O.  */
          if (warn_uninitialized != 1)
            warn_uninitialized = (setting ? 2 : 0);
          warn_reorder = setting;
          warn_sign_promo = setting;
          /* Only warn about unknown pragmas that are not in system
             headers.  */                                        
          warn_unknown_pragmas = 1;       
          warn_nontemplate_friend = setting;           
        }
      else return strings_processed;
    }
  else if (!strcmp (p, "-ansi"))
    flag_no_nonansi_builtin = 1, flag_ansi = 1,
    flag_no_gnu_keywords = 1, flag_operator_names = 1;
#ifdef SPEW_DEBUG
  /* Undocumented, only ever used when you're invoking cc1plus by hand, since
     it's probably safe to assume no sane person would ever want to use this
     under normal circumstances.  */
  else if (!strcmp (p, "-spew-debug"))
    spew_debug = 1;
#endif
  else
    return strings_processed;

  return 1;
}
\f
/* Incorporate `const' and `volatile' qualifiers for member functions.
   FUNCTION is a TYPE_DECL or a FUNCTION_DECL.
   QUALS is a list of qualifiers.  */

tree
grok_method_quals (ctype, function, quals)
     tree ctype, function, quals;
{
  tree fntype = TREE_TYPE (function);
  tree raises = TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (fntype);
  int type_quals = TYPE_UNQUALIFIED;
  int dup_quals = TYPE_UNQUALIFIED;

  do
    {
      int tq = cp_type_qual_from_rid (TREE_VALUE (quals));
      
      if (type_quals & tq)
        dup_quals |= tq;
      else
        type_quals |= tq;
      quals = TREE_CHAIN (quals);
    } 
  while (quals);

  if (dup_quals != TYPE_UNQUALIFIED)
    cp_error ("duplicate type qualifiers in %s declaration",
              TREE_CODE (function) == FUNCTION_DECL 
              ? "member function" : "type");

  ctype = cp_build_qualified_type (ctype, type_quals);
  fntype = build_cplus_method_type (ctype, TREE_TYPE (fntype),
                                    (TREE_CODE (fntype) == METHOD_TYPE
                                     ? TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (fntype))
                                     : TYPE_ARG_TYPES (fntype)));
  if (raises)
    fntype = build_exception_variant (fntype, raises);

  TREE_TYPE (function) = fntype;
  return ctype;
}

/* Warn when -fexternal-templates is used and #pragma
   interface/implementation is not used all the times it should be,
   inform the user.  */

void
warn_if_unknown_interface (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  static int already_warned = 0;
  if (already_warned++)
    return;

  if (flag_alt_external_templates)
    {
      struct tinst_level *til = tinst_for_decl ();
      int sl = lineno;
      char *sf = input_filename;

      if (til)
        {
          lineno = til->line;
          input_filename = til->file;
        }
      cp_warning ("template `%#D' instantiated in file without #pragma interface",
                  decl);
      lineno = sl;
      input_filename = sf;
    }
  else
    cp_warning_at ("template `%#D' defined in file without #pragma interface",
                   decl);
}

/* A subroutine of the parser, to handle a component list.  */

void
grok_x_components (specs)
     tree specs;
{
  struct pending_inline **p;
  tree t;

  t = groktypename (build_decl_list (strip_attrs (specs), NULL_TREE)); 
  
  if (t == NULL_TREE)
    {
      cp_error ("invalid member declaration");
      return;
    }

  /* The only case where we need to do anything additional here is an
     anonymous union field, e.g.: `struct S { union { int i; }; };'.  */
  if (!ANON_UNION_TYPE_P (t))
    return;

  fixup_anonymous_union (t);
  finish_member_declaration (build_lang_field_decl (FIELD_DECL,
                                                    NULL_TREE,
                                                    t)); 

  /* Ignore any inline function definitions in the anonymous union
     since an anonymous union may not have function members.  */
  p = &pending_inlines;
  for (; *p; *p = (*p)->next)
    if (DECL_CONTEXT ((*p)->fndecl) != t)
      break;
}

/* Constructors for types with virtual baseclasses need an "in-charge" flag
   saying whether this constructor is responsible for initialization of
   virtual baseclasses or not.  All destructors also need this "in-charge"
   flag, which additionally determines whether or not the destructor should
   free the memory for the object.

   This function adds the "in-charge" flag to member function FN if
   appropriate.  It is called from grokclassfn and tsubst.
   FN must be either a constructor or destructor.  */

void
maybe_retrofit_in_chrg (fn)
     tree fn;
{
  tree basetype, arg_types, parms, parm, fntype;

  if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (fn)
      && TYPE_USES_VIRTUAL_BASECLASSES (DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (fn))
      && ! DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_FOR_VBASE_P (fn))
    /* OK */;
  else if (! DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (fn)
           && TREE_CHAIN (DECL_ARGUMENTS (fn)) == NULL_TREE)
    /* OK */;
  else
    return;

  if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (fn))
    DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_FOR_VBASE_P (fn) = 1;

  /* First add it to DECL_ARGUMENTS...  */
  parm = build_decl (PARM_DECL, in_charge_identifier, integer_type_node);
  /* Mark the artificial `__in_chrg' parameter as "artificial".  */
  SET_DECL_ARTIFICIAL (parm);
  DECL_ARG_TYPE (parm) = integer_type_node;
  TREE_READONLY (parm) = 1;
  parms = DECL_ARGUMENTS (fn);
  TREE_CHAIN (parm) = TREE_CHAIN (parms);
  TREE_CHAIN (parms) = parm;

  /* ...and then to TYPE_ARG_TYPES.  */
  arg_types = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (fn));
  basetype = TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (arg_types));
  arg_types = hash_tree_chain (integer_type_node, TREE_CHAIN (arg_types));
  fntype = build_cplus_method_type (basetype, TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (fn)),
                                    arg_types);
  if (TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (TREE_TYPE (fn)))
    fntype = build_exception_variant (fntype,
                                      TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (TREE_TYPE (fn)));
  TREE_TYPE (fn) = fntype;
}

/* Classes overload their constituent function names automatically.
   When a function name is declared in a record structure,
   its name is changed to it overloaded name.  Since names for
   constructors and destructors can conflict, we place a leading
   '$' for destructors.

   CNAME is the name of the class we are grokking for.

   FUNCTION is a FUNCTION_DECL.  It was created by `grokdeclarator'.

   FLAGS contains bits saying what's special about today's
   arguments.  1 == DESTRUCTOR.  2 == OPERATOR.

   If FUNCTION is a destructor, then we must add the `auto-delete' field
   as a second parameter.  There is some hair associated with the fact
   that we must "declare" this variable in the manner consistent with the
   way the rest of the arguments were declared.

   QUALS are the qualifiers for the this pointer.  */

void
grokclassfn (ctype, function, flags, quals)
     tree ctype, function;
     enum overload_flags flags;
     tree quals;
{
  tree fn_name = DECL_NAME (function);
  tree arg_types;
  tree parm;
  tree qualtype;

  if (fn_name == NULL_TREE)
    {
      error ("name missing for member function");
      fn_name = get_identifier ("<anonymous>");
      DECL_NAME (function) = fn_name;
    }

  if (quals)
    qualtype = grok_method_quals (ctype, function, quals);
  else
    qualtype = ctype;

  arg_types = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (function));
  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (function)) == METHOD_TYPE)
    {
      /* Must add the class instance variable up front.  */
      /* Right now we just make this a pointer.  But later
         we may wish to make it special.  */
      tree type = TREE_VALUE (arg_types);
      int constp = 1;

      if ((flag_this_is_variable > 0)
          && (flags == DTOR_FLAG || DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (function)))
        constp = 0;

      parm = build_decl (PARM_DECL, this_identifier, type);
      /* Mark the artificial `this' parameter as "artificial".  */
      SET_DECL_ARTIFICIAL (parm);
      DECL_ARG_TYPE (parm) = type;
      /* We can make this a register, so long as we don't
         accidentally complain if someone tries to take its address.  */
      DECL_REGISTER (parm) = 1;
      if (constp)
        TREE_READONLY (parm) = 1;
      TREE_CHAIN (parm) = last_function_parms;
      last_function_parms = parm;
    }

  DECL_ARGUMENTS (function) = last_function_parms;
  /* First approximations.  */
  DECL_CONTEXT (function) = ctype;
  DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (function) = ctype;

  if (flags == DTOR_FLAG || DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (function))
    {
      maybe_retrofit_in_chrg (function);
      arg_types = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (function));
    }

  if (flags == DTOR_FLAG)
    {
      DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (function) = build_destructor_name (ctype);
      TYPE_HAS_DESTRUCTOR (ctype) = 1;
    }
  else
    set_mangled_name_for_decl (function);
}

/* Work on the expr used by alignof (this is only called by the parser).  */

tree
grok_alignof (expr)
     tree expr;
{
  tree best, t;
  int bestalign;

  if (processing_template_decl)
    return build_min (ALIGNOF_EXPR, sizetype, expr);

  if (TREE_CODE (expr) == COMPONENT_REF
      && DECL_C_BIT_FIELD (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 1)))
    error ("`__alignof__' applied to a bit-field");

  if (TREE_CODE (expr) == INDIRECT_REF)
    {
      best = t = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0);
      bestalign = TYPE_ALIGN (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (t)));

      while (TREE_CODE (t) == NOP_EXPR
             && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0))) == POINTER_TYPE)
        {
          int thisalign;
          t = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
          thisalign = TYPE_ALIGN (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (t)));
          if (thisalign > bestalign)
            best = t, bestalign = thisalign;
        }
      return c_alignof (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (best)));
    }
  else
    {
      /* ANSI says arrays and fns are converted inside comma.
         But we can't convert them in build_compound_expr
         because that would break commas in lvalues.
         So do the conversion here if operand was a comma.  */
      if (TREE_CODE (expr) == COMPOUND_EXPR
          && (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (expr)) == ARRAY_TYPE
              || TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (expr)) == FUNCTION_TYPE))
        expr = default_conversion (expr);
      return c_alignof (TREE_TYPE (expr));
    }
}

/* Create an ARRAY_REF, checking for the user doing things backwards
   along the way.  */

tree
grok_array_decl (array_expr, index_exp)
     tree array_expr, index_exp;
{
  tree type = TREE_TYPE (array_expr);
  tree p1, p2, i1, i2;

  if (type == error_mark_node || index_exp == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;
  if (processing_template_decl)
    return build_min (ARRAY_REF, type ? TREE_TYPE (type) : NULL_TREE,
                      array_expr, index_exp);

  if (type == NULL_TREE)
    {
      /* Something has gone very wrong.  Assume we are mistakenly reducing
         an expression instead of a declaration.  */
      error ("parser may be lost: is there a '{' missing somewhere?");
      return NULL_TREE;
    }

  if (TREE_CODE (type) == OFFSET_TYPE
      || TREE_CODE (type) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
    type = TREE_TYPE (type);

  /* If they have an `operator[]', use that.  */
  if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (type) || IS_AGGR_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (index_exp)))
    return build_opfncall (ARRAY_REF, LOOKUP_NORMAL,
                           array_expr, index_exp, NULL_TREE);

  /* Otherwise, create an ARRAY_REF for a pointer or array type.  It
     is a little-known fact that, if `a' is an array and `i' is an
     int, you can write `i[a]', which means the same thing as `a[i]'.  */

  if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
    p1 = array_expr;
  else
    p1 = build_expr_type_conversion (WANT_POINTER, array_expr, 0);

  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (index_exp)) == ARRAY_TYPE)
    p2 = index_exp;
  else
    p2 = build_expr_type_conversion (WANT_POINTER, index_exp, 0);

  i1 = build_expr_type_conversion (WANT_INT | WANT_ENUM, array_expr, 0);
  i2 = build_expr_type_conversion (WANT_INT | WANT_ENUM, index_exp, 0);

  if ((p1 && i2) && (i1 && p2))
    error ("ambiguous conversion for array subscript");

  if (p1 && i2)
    array_expr = p1, index_exp = i2;
  else if (i1 && p2)
    array_expr = p2, index_exp = i1;
  else
    {
      cp_error ("invalid types `%T[%T]' for array subscript",
                type, TREE_TYPE (index_exp));
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  if (array_expr == error_mark_node || index_exp == error_mark_node)
    error ("ambiguous conversion for array subscript");

  return build_array_ref (array_expr, index_exp);
}

/* Given the cast expression EXP, checking out its validity.   Either return
   an error_mark_node if there was an unavoidable error, return a cast to
   void for trying to delete a pointer w/ the value 0, or return the
   call to delete.  If DOING_VEC is 1, we handle things differently
   for doing an array delete.  If DOING_VEC is 2, they gave us the
   array size as an argument to delete.
   Implements ARM $5.3.4.  This is called from the parser.  */

tree
delete_sanity (exp, size, doing_vec, use_global_delete)
     tree exp, size;
     int doing_vec, use_global_delete;
{
  tree t, type;
  /* For a regular vector delete (aka, no size argument) we will pass
     this down as a NULL_TREE into build_vec_delete.  */
  tree maxindex = NULL_TREE;

  if (exp == error_mark_node)
    return exp;

  if (processing_template_decl)
    {
      t = build_min (DELETE_EXPR, void_type_node, exp, size);
      DELETE_EXPR_USE_GLOBAL (t) = use_global_delete;
      DELETE_EXPR_USE_VEC (t) = doing_vec;
      return t;
    }

  if (TREE_CODE (exp) == OFFSET_REF)
    exp = resolve_offset_ref (exp);
  exp = convert_from_reference (exp);
  t = stabilize_reference (exp);
  t = build_expr_type_conversion (WANT_POINTER, t, 1);

  if (t == NULL_TREE || t == error_mark_node)
    {
      cp_error ("type `%#T' argument given to `delete', expected pointer",
                TREE_TYPE (exp));
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  if (doing_vec == 2)
    {
      maxindex = build_binary_op (MINUS_EXPR, size, integer_one_node, 1);
      pedwarn ("anachronistic use of array size in vector delete");
    }

  type = TREE_TYPE (t);

  /* As of Valley Forge, you can delete a pointer to const.  */

  /* You can't delete functions.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (type)) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
    {
      error ("cannot delete a function");
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  /* An array can't have been allocated by new, so complain.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (t) == ADDR_EXPR
      && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)) == VAR_DECL
      && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0))) == ARRAY_TYPE)
    cp_warning ("deleting array `%#D'", TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));

  /* Deleting a pointer with the value zero is valid and has no effect.  */
  if (integer_zerop (t))
    return build1 (NOP_EXPR, void_type_node, t);

  if (doing_vec)
    return build_vec_delete (t, maxindex, integer_one_node,
                             integer_zero_node, use_global_delete);
  else
    {
      if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (type))
          && TYPE_GETS_REG_DELETE (TREE_TYPE (type)))
        {
          /* Only do access checking here; we'll be calling op delete
             from the destructor.  */
          tree tmp = build_op_delete_call (DELETE_EXPR, t, size_zero_node,
                                           LOOKUP_NORMAL, NULL_TREE);
          if (tmp == error_mark_node)
            return error_mark_node;
        }

      return build_delete (type, t, integer_three_node,
                           LOOKUP_NORMAL, use_global_delete);
    }
}

/* Report an error if the indicated template declaration is not the
   sort of thing that should be a member template.  */

void
check_member_template (tmpl)
     tree tmpl;
{
  tree decl;

  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (tmpl) == TEMPLATE_DECL, 0);
  decl = DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (tmpl);

  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL
      || (TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL
          && IS_AGGR_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (decl))))
    {
      if (current_function_decl)
        /* 14.5.2.2 [temp.mem]
           
           A local class shall not have member templates. */
        cp_error ("declaration of member template `%#D' in local class",
                  decl);
      
      if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL && DECL_VIRTUAL_P (decl))
        {
          /* 14.5.2.3 [temp.mem]

             A member function template shall not be virtual.  */
          cp_error 
            ("invalid use of `virtual' in template declaration of `%#D'",
             decl);
          DECL_VIRTUAL_P (decl) = 0;
        }

      /* The debug-information generating code doesn't know what to do
         with member templates.  */ 
      DECL_IGNORED_P (tmpl) = 1;
    } 
  else
    cp_error ("template declaration of `%#D'", decl);
}

/* Return true iff TYPE is a valid Java parameter or return type. */

int
acceptable_java_type (type)
     tree type;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (type) == VOID_TYPE || TYPE_FOR_JAVA (type))
    return 1;
  if (TREE_CODE (type) == POINTER_TYPE)
    {
      type = TREE_TYPE (type);
      if (TREE_CODE (type) == RECORD_TYPE)
        {
          tree args;  int i;
          if (! TYPE_FOR_JAVA (type))
            return 0;
          if (! CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (type))
            return 1;
          args = CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (type);
          i = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (args);
          while (--i >= 0)
            {
              type = TREE_VEC_ELT (args, i);
              if (TREE_CODE (type) == POINTER_TYPE)
                type = TREE_TYPE (type);
              if (! TYPE_FOR_JAVA (type))
                return 0;
            }
          return 1;
        }
    }
  return 0;
}

/* For a METHOD in a Java class CTYPE, return 1 if
   the parameter and return types are valid Java types.
   Otherwise, print appropriate error messages, and return 0.  */

int
check_java_method (method)
     tree method;
{
  int jerr = 0;
  tree arg_types = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (method));
  tree ret_type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (method));
  if (! acceptable_java_type (ret_type))
    {
      cp_error ("Java method '%D' has non-Java return type `%T'",
                method, ret_type);
      jerr++;
    }
  for (; arg_types != NULL_TREE; arg_types = TREE_CHAIN (arg_types))
    {
      tree type = TREE_VALUE (arg_types);
      if (! acceptable_java_type (type))
        {
          cp_error ("Java method '%D' has non-Java parameter type `%T'",
                    method, type);
          jerr++;
        }
    }
  return jerr ? 0 : 1;
}

/* Sanity check: report error if this function FUNCTION is not
   really a member of the class (CTYPE) it is supposed to belong to.
   CNAME is the same here as it is for grokclassfn above.  */

tree
check_classfn (ctype, function)
     tree ctype, function;
{
  tree fn_name = DECL_NAME (function);
  tree fndecl, fndecls;
  tree method_vec = CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC (complete_type (ctype));
  tree *methods = 0;
  tree *end = 0;
  tree templates = NULL_TREE;

  if (method_vec != 0)
    {
      methods = &TREE_VEC_ELT (method_vec, 0);
      end = TREE_VEC_END (method_vec);

      /* First suss out ctors and dtors.  */
      if (*methods && fn_name == DECL_NAME (OVL_CURRENT (*methods))
          && DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (function))
        goto got_it;
      if (*++methods && fn_name == DECL_NAME (OVL_CURRENT (*methods))
          && DESTRUCTOR_NAME_P (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (function)))
        goto got_it;

      while (++methods != end && *methods)
        {
          fndecl = *methods;
          if (fn_name == DECL_NAME (OVL_CURRENT (*methods)))
            {
            got_it:
              for (fndecls = *methods; fndecls != NULL_TREE;
                   fndecls = OVL_NEXT (fndecls))
                {
                  fndecl = OVL_CURRENT (fndecls);
                  /* The DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME for a TEMPLATE_DECL, or
                     for a for member function of a template class, is
                     not mangled, so the check below does not work
                     correctly in that case.  Since mangled destructor
                     names do not include the type of the arguments,
                     we can't use this short-cut for them, either.
                     (It's not legal to declare arguments for a
                     destructor, but some people try.)  */
                  if (!DESTRUCTOR_NAME_P (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (function))
                      && (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (function)
                          != DECL_NAME (function))
                      && (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (fndecl)
                          != DECL_NAME (fndecl))
                      && (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (function) 
                          == DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (fndecl)))
                    return fndecl;

                  /* We cannot simply call decls_match because this
                     doesn't work for static member functions that are 
                     pretending to be methods, and because the name
                     may have been changed by asm("new_name").  */ 
                  if (DECL_NAME (function) == DECL_NAME (fndecl))
                    {
                      tree p1 = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (function));
                      tree p2 = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (fndecl));

                      /* Get rid of the this parameter on functions that become
                         static.  */
                      if (DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (fndecl)
                          && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (function)) == METHOD_TYPE)
                        p1 = TREE_CHAIN (p1);

                      if (same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (function)),
                                       TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (fndecl)))
                          && compparms (p1, p2)
                          && (DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (function)
                              == DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (fndecl))
                          && (!DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (function)
                              || (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (function) 
                                  == DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (fndecl))))
                        return fndecl;

                      if (is_member_template (fndecl))
                        /* This function might be an instantiation
                           or specialization of fndecl.  */
                        templates = 
                          scratch_tree_cons (NULL_TREE, fndecl, templates);
                    }
                }
              break;            /* loser */
            }
          else if (TREE_CODE (fndecl) == TEMPLATE_DECL 
                   && DECL_CONV_FN_P (fndecl)
                   && DECL_CONV_FN_P (function))
            /* The method in the class is a member template
               conversion operator.  We are declaring another
               conversion operator.  It is possible that even though
               the names don't match, there is some specialization
               occurring.  */
            templates = 
              scratch_tree_cons (NULL_TREE, fndecl, templates);
        }
    }

  if (templates)
    /* This function might be an instantiation or a specialization.
       We should verify that this is possible.  For now, we simply
       return NULL_TREE, which lets the caller know that this function
       is new, but we don't print an error message.  */
    return NULL_TREE;

  if (methods != end && *methods)
    {
      tree fndecl = *methods;
      cp_error ("prototype for `%#D' does not match any in class `%T'",
                function, ctype);
      cp_error_at ("candidate%s: %+#D", OVL_NEXT (fndecl) ? "s are" : " is",
                   OVL_CURRENT (fndecl));
      while (fndecl = OVL_NEXT (fndecl), fndecl)
        cp_error_at ("                %#D", OVL_CURRENT(fndecl));
    }
  else
    {
      methods = 0;
      cp_error ("no `%#D' member function declared in class `%T'",
                function, ctype);
    }

  /* If we did not find the method in the class, add it to avoid
     spurious errors (unless the CTYPE is not yet defined, in which
     case we'll only confuse ourselves when the function is declared
     properly within the class.  */
  if (TYPE_SIZE (ctype))
    add_method (ctype, methods, function);
  return NULL_TREE;
}

/* Process the specs, declarator (NULL if omitted) and width (NULL if omitted)
   of a structure component, returning a FIELD_DECL node.
   QUALS is a list of type qualifiers for this decl (such as for declaring
   const member functions).

   This is done during the parsing of the struct declaration.
   The FIELD_DECL nodes are chained together and the lot of them
   are ultimately passed to `build_struct' to make the RECORD_TYPE node.

   C++:

   If class A defines that certain functions in class B are friends, then
   the way I have set things up, it is B who is interested in permission
   granted by A.  However, it is in A's context that these declarations
   are parsed.  By returning a void_type_node, class A does not attempt
   to incorporate the declarations of the friends within its structure.

   DO NOT MAKE ANY CHANGES TO THIS CODE WITHOUT MAKING CORRESPONDING
   CHANGES TO CODE IN `start_method'.  */

tree
grokfield (declarator, declspecs, init, asmspec_tree, attrlist)
     tree declarator, declspecs, init, asmspec_tree, attrlist;
{
  register tree value;
  char *asmspec = 0;
  int flags = LOOKUP_ONLYCONVERTING;

  /* Convert () initializers to = initializers.  */
  if (init == NULL_TREE && declarator != NULL_TREE
      && TREE_CODE (declarator) == CALL_EXPR
      && TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 0)
      && (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 0)) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
          || TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 0)) == SCOPE_REF)
      && parmlist_is_exprlist (TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 1)))
    {
      init = TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 1);
      declarator = TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 0);
      flags = 0;
    }

  if (declspecs == NULL_TREE
      && TREE_CODE (declarator) == SCOPE_REF
      && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 1)) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
    {
      /* Access declaration */
      if (! IS_AGGR_TYPE_CODE (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (declarator, 0))))
        ;
      else if (TREE_COMPLEXITY (declarator) == current_class_depth)
        pop_nested_class (1);
      return do_class_using_decl (declarator);
    }

  if (init
      && TREE_CODE (init) == TREE_LIST
      && TREE_VALUE (init) == error_mark_node
      && TREE_CHAIN (init) == NULL_TREE)
    init = NULL_TREE;

  value = grokdeclarator (declarator, declspecs, FIELD, init != 0, NULL_TREE);
  if (! value || value == error_mark_node)
    /* friend or constructor went bad.  */
    return value;

  /* Pass friendly classes back.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (value) == VOID_TYPE)
    return void_type_node;

  if (DECL_NAME (value) != NULL_TREE
      && IDENTIFIER_POINTER (DECL_NAME (value))[0] == '_'
      && ! strcmp (IDENTIFIER_POINTER (DECL_NAME (value)), "_vptr"))
    cp_error ("member `%D' conflicts with virtual function table field name",
              value);

  /* Stash away type declarations.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (value) == TYPE_DECL)
    {
      DECL_NONLOCAL (value) = 1;
      DECL_CONTEXT (value) = current_class_type;
      DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (value) = current_class_type;

      /* Now that we've updated the context, we need to remangle the
         name for this TYPE_DECL.  */
      DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (value) = DECL_NAME (value);
      if (!uses_template_parms (value))
        DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (value) =
          get_identifier (build_overload_name (TREE_TYPE (value), 1, 1));

      pushdecl_class_level (value);
      return value;
    }

  if (IS_SIGNATURE (current_class_type)
      && TREE_CODE (value) != FUNCTION_DECL)
    {
      error ("field declaration not allowed in signature");
      return void_type_node;
    }

  if (DECL_IN_AGGR_P (value))
    {
      cp_error ("`%D' is already defined in `%T'", value,
                DECL_CONTEXT (value));
      return void_type_node;
    }

  if (asmspec_tree)
    asmspec = TREE_STRING_POINTER (asmspec_tree);

  if (init)
    {
      if (IS_SIGNATURE (current_class_type)
          && TREE_CODE (value) == FUNCTION_DECL)
        {
          error ("function declarations cannot have initializers in signature");
          init = NULL_TREE;
        }
      else if (TREE_CODE (value) == FUNCTION_DECL)
        {
          grok_function_init (value, init);
          init = NULL_TREE;
        }
      else if (pedantic && TREE_CODE (value) != VAR_DECL)
        /* Already complained in grokdeclarator.  */
        init = NULL_TREE;
      else
        {
          /* We allow initializers to become parameters to base
             initializers.  */
          if (TREE_CODE (init) == TREE_LIST)
            {
              if (TREE_CHAIN (init) == NULL_TREE)
                init = TREE_VALUE (init);
              else
                init = digest_init (TREE_TYPE (value), init, (tree *)0);
            }
          
          if (TREE_CODE (init) == CONST_DECL)
            init = DECL_INITIAL (init);
          else if (TREE_READONLY_DECL_P (init))
            init = decl_constant_value (init);
          else if (TREE_CODE (init) == CONSTRUCTOR)
            init = digest_init (TREE_TYPE (value), init, (tree *)0);
          my_friendly_assert (TREE_PERMANENT (init), 192);
          if (init == error_mark_node)
            /* We must make this look different than `error_mark_node'
               because `decl_const_value' would mis-interpret it
               as only meaning that this VAR_DECL is defined.  */
            init = build1 (NOP_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (value), init);
          else if (processing_template_decl)
            ;
          else if (! TREE_CONSTANT (init))
            {
              /* We can allow references to things that are effectively
                 static, since references are initialized with the address.  */
              if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (value)) != REFERENCE_TYPE
                  || (TREE_STATIC (init) == 0
                      && (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (init)) != 'd'
                          || DECL_EXTERNAL (init) == 0)))
                {
                  error ("field initializer is not constant");
                  init = error_mark_node;
                }
            }
        }
    }

  /* The corresponding pop_obstacks is in cp_finish_decl.  */
  push_obstacks_nochange ();

  if (processing_template_decl && ! current_function_decl
      && (TREE_CODE (value) == VAR_DECL || TREE_CODE (value) == FUNCTION_DECL))
    value = push_template_decl (value);

  /* Check to see if a field redeclares a template parameter. */
  if (current_template_parms 
      && TREE_CODE (declarator) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
      && IDENTIFIER_LOCAL_VALUE (declarator))
      {
        tree olddecl = IDENTIFIER_LOCAL_VALUE (declarator);
        if (decl_template_parm_p (olddecl))
          {
            cp_error ("redeclaration of template parameter `%T'", declarator);
            cp_error_at (" previously declared here `%#D'", olddecl);
          }
      }

  if (attrlist)
    cplus_decl_attributes (value, TREE_PURPOSE (attrlist),
                           TREE_VALUE (attrlist));

  if (TREE_CODE (value) == VAR_DECL)
    {
      my_friendly_assert (TREE_PUBLIC (value), 0);

      /* We cannot call pushdecl here, because that would
         fill in the value of our TREE_CHAIN.  Instead, we
         modify cp_finish_decl to do the right thing, namely, to
         put this decl out straight away.  */
      /* current_class_type can be NULL_TREE in case of error.  */
      if (asmspec == 0 && current_class_type)
        {
          TREE_PUBLIC (value) = 1;
          DECL_INITIAL (value) = error_mark_node;
          DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (value)
            = build_static_name (current_class_type, DECL_NAME (value));
        }
      if (! processing_template_decl)
        pending_statics = perm_tree_cons (NULL_TREE, value, pending_statics);
      
      /* Static consts need not be initialized in the class definition.  */
      if (init != NULL_TREE && TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING (TREE_TYPE (value)))
        {
          static int explanation = 0;
          
          error ("initializer invalid for static member with constructor");
          if (explanation++ == 0)
            error ("(you really want to initialize it separately)");
          init = 0;
        }
      /* Force the compiler to know when an uninitialized static
         const member is being used.  */
      if (CP_TYPE_CONST_P (TREE_TYPE (value)) && init == 0)
        TREE_USED (value) = 1;
      DECL_INITIAL (value) = init;
      DECL_IN_AGGR_P (value) = 1;
      DECL_CONTEXT (value) = current_class_type;
      DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (value) = current_class_type;

      cp_finish_decl (value, init, asmspec_tree, 1, flags);
      pushdecl_class_level (value);
      return value;
    }
  if (TREE_CODE (value) == FIELD_DECL)
    {
      if (asmspec)
        {
          /* This must override the asm specifier which was placed
             by grokclassfn.  Lay this out fresh.  */
          DECL_RTL (value) = NULL_RTX;
          DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (value) = get_identifier (asmspec);
        }
      if (DECL_INITIAL (value) == error_mark_node)
        init = error_mark_node;
      cp_finish_decl (value, init, asmspec_tree, 1, flags);
      DECL_INITIAL (value) = init;
      DECL_IN_AGGR_P (value) = 1;
      return value;
    }
  if (TREE_CODE (value) == FUNCTION_DECL)
    {
      if (asmspec)
        {
          /* This must override the asm specifier which was placed
             by grokclassfn.  Lay this out fresh.  */
          DECL_RTL (value) = NULL_RTX;
          DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (value) = get_identifier (asmspec);
        }
      cp_finish_decl (value, init, asmspec_tree, 1, flags);

      /* Pass friends back this way.  */
      if (DECL_FRIEND_P (value))
        return void_type_node;

#if 0 /* Just because a fn is declared doesn't mean we'll try to define it.  */
      if (current_function_decl && ! IS_SIGNATURE (current_class_type))
        cp_error ("method `%#D' of local class must be defined in class body",
                  value);
#endif

      DECL_IN_AGGR_P (value) = 1;
      return value;
    }
  my_friendly_abort (21);
  /* NOTREACHED */
  return NULL_TREE;
}

/* Like `grokfield', but for bitfields.
   WIDTH is non-NULL for bit fields only, and is an INTEGER_CST node.  */

tree
grokbitfield (declarator, declspecs, width)
     tree declarator, declspecs, width;
{
  register tree value = grokdeclarator (declarator, declspecs, BITFIELD,
                                        0, NULL_TREE);

  if (! value) return NULL_TREE; /* friends went bad.  */

  /* Pass friendly classes back.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (value) == VOID_TYPE)
    return void_type_node;

  if (TREE_CODE (value) == TYPE_DECL)
    {
      cp_error ("cannot declare `%D' to be a bitfield type", value);
      return NULL_TREE;
    }

  /* Usually, finish_struct_1 catches bitifields with invalid types.
     But, in the case of bitfields with function type, we confuse
     ourselves into thinking they are member functions, so we must
     check here.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (value) == FUNCTION_DECL)
    {
      cp_error ("cannot declare bitfield `%D' with funcion type",
                DECL_NAME (value));
      return NULL_TREE;
    }

  if (IS_SIGNATURE (current_class_type))
    {
      error ("field declaration not allowed in signature");
      return void_type_node;
    }

  if (DECL_IN_AGGR_P (value))
    {
      cp_error ("`%D' is already defined in the class %T", value,
                  DECL_CONTEXT (value));
      return void_type_node;
    }

  GNU_xref_member (current_class_name, value);

  if (TREE_STATIC (value))
    {
      cp_error ("static member `%D' cannot be a bitfield", value);
      return NULL_TREE;
    }
  cp_finish_decl (value, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, 0, 0);

  if (width != error_mark_node)
    {
      constant_expression_warning (width);
      DECL_INITIAL (value) = width;
      SET_DECL_C_BIT_FIELD (value);
    }

  DECL_IN_AGGR_P (value) = 1;
  return value;
}

tree
grokoptypename (declspecs, declarator)
     tree declspecs, declarator;
{
  tree t = grokdeclarator (declarator, declspecs, TYPENAME, 0, NULL_TREE);
  return build_typename_overload (t);
}

/* When a function is declared with an initializer,
   do the right thing.  Currently, there are two possibilities:

   class B
   {
    public:
     // initialization possibility #1.
     virtual void f () = 0;
     int g ();
   };
   
   class D1 : B
   {
    public:
     int d1;
     // error, no f ();
   };
   
   class D2 : B
   {
    public:
     int d2;
     void f ();
   };
   
   class D3 : B
   {
    public:
     int d3;
     // initialization possibility #2
     void f () = B::f;
   };

*/

int
copy_assignment_arg_p (parmtype, virtualp)
     tree parmtype;
     int virtualp ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
{
  if (current_class_type == NULL_TREE)
    return 0;

  if (TREE_CODE (parmtype) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
    parmtype = TREE_TYPE (parmtype);

  if ((TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (parmtype) == current_class_type)
#if 0
      /* Non-standard hack to support old Booch components.  */
      || (! virtualp && DERIVED_FROM_P (parmtype, current_class_type))
#endif
      )
    return 1;

  return 0;
}

static void
grok_function_init (decl, init)
     tree decl;
     tree init;
{
  /* An initializer for a function tells how this function should
     be inherited.  */
  tree type = TREE_TYPE (decl);

  if (TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
    cp_error ("initializer specified for non-member function `%D'", decl);
#if 0
  /* We'll check for this in finish_struct_1.  */
  else if (DECL_VINDEX (decl) == NULL_TREE)
    cp_error ("initializer specified for non-virtual method `%D'", decl);
#endif
  else if (integer_zerop (init))
    {
#if 0
      /* Mark this function as being "defined".  */
      DECL_INITIAL (decl) = error_mark_node;
      /* pure virtual destructors must be defined.  */
      /* pure virtual needs to be defined (as abort) only when put in 
         vtbl. For wellformed call, it should be itself. pr4737 */
      if (!DESTRUCTOR_NAME_P (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (decl)))
        {
          extern tree abort_fndecl;
          /* Give this node rtl from `abort'.  */
          DECL_RTL (decl) = DECL_RTL (abort_fndecl);
        }
#endif
      DECL_ABSTRACT_VIRTUAL_P (decl) = 1;
      if (DECL_NAME (decl) == ansi_opname [(int) MODIFY_EXPR])
        {
          tree parmtype
            = TREE_VALUE (TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (decl))));

          if (copy_assignment_arg_p (parmtype, 1))
            TYPE_HAS_ABSTRACT_ASSIGN_REF (current_class_type) = 1;
        }
    }
  else
    cp_error ("invalid initializer for virtual method `%D'", decl);
}
\f
void
cplus_decl_attributes (decl, attributes, prefix_attributes)
     tree decl, attributes, prefix_attributes;
{
  if (decl == NULL_TREE || decl == void_type_node)
    return;

  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
    decl = DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (decl);

  decl_attributes (decl, attributes, prefix_attributes);

  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL)
    SET_IDENTIFIER_TYPE_VALUE (DECL_NAME (decl), TREE_TYPE (decl));
}
\f
/* CONSTRUCTOR_NAME:
   Return the name for the constructor (or destructor) for the
   specified class.  Argument can be RECORD_TYPE, TYPE_DECL, or
   IDENTIFIER_NODE.  When given a template, this routine doesn't
   lose the specialization.  */

tree
constructor_name_full (thing)
     tree thing;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (thing) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
      || TREE_CODE (thing) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM
      || TREE_CODE (thing) == TYPENAME_TYPE)
    thing = TYPE_NAME (thing);
  else if (IS_AGGR_TYPE_CODE (TREE_CODE (thing)))
    {
      if (TYPE_WAS_ANONYMOUS (thing) && TYPE_HAS_CONSTRUCTOR (thing))
        thing = DECL_NAME (OVL_CURRENT (TREE_VEC_ELT (CLASSTYPE_METHOD_VEC (thing), 0)));
      else
        thing = TYPE_NAME (thing);
    }
  if (TREE_CODE (thing) == TYPE_DECL
      || (TREE_CODE (thing) == TEMPLATE_DECL
          && TREE_CODE (DECL_TEMPLATE_RESULT (thing)) == TYPE_DECL))
    thing = DECL_NAME (thing);
  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (thing) == IDENTIFIER_NODE, 197);
  return thing;
}

/* CONSTRUCTOR_NAME:
   Return the name for the constructor (or destructor) for the
   specified class.  Argument can be RECORD_TYPE, TYPE_DECL, or
   IDENTIFIER_NODE.  When given a template, return the plain
   unspecialized name.  */

tree
constructor_name (thing)
     tree thing;
{
  tree t;
  thing = constructor_name_full (thing);
  t = IDENTIFIER_TEMPLATE (thing);
  if (!t)
    return thing;
  return t;
}
\f
/* Cache the value of this class's main virtual function table pointer
   in a register variable.  This will save one indirection if a
   more than one virtual function call is made this function.  */

void
setup_vtbl_ptr ()
{
  extern tree base_init_expr;

  if (base_init_expr == 0
      && DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (current_function_decl))
    {
      if (processing_template_decl)
        add_tree (build_min_nt
                  (CTOR_INITIALIZER,
                   current_member_init_list, current_base_init_list));
      else
        emit_base_init (current_class_type, 0);
    }
}

/* Record the existence of an addressable inline function.  */

void
mark_inline_for_output (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  decl = DECL_MAIN_VARIANT (decl);
  if (DECL_SAVED_INLINE (decl))
    return;
  my_friendly_assert (TREE_PERMANENT (decl), 363);
  DECL_SAVED_INLINE (decl) = 1;
#if 0
  if (DECL_PENDING_INLINE_INFO (decl) != 0
      && ! DECL_PENDING_INLINE_INFO (decl)->deja_vu)
    {
      struct pending_inline *t = pending_inlines;
      my_friendly_assert (DECL_SAVED_INSNS (decl) == 0, 198);
      while (t)
        {
          if (t == DECL_PENDING_INLINE_INFO (decl))
            break;
          t = t->next;
        }
      if (t == 0)
        {
          t = DECL_PENDING_INLINE_INFO (decl);
          t->next = pending_inlines;
          pending_inlines = t;
        }
      DECL_PENDING_INLINE_INFO (decl) = 0;
    }
#endif
  saved_inlines = perm_tree_cons (NULL_TREE, decl, saved_inlines);
}

void
clear_temp_name ()
{
  temp_name_counter = 0;
}

/* Hand off a unique name which can be used for variable we don't really
   want to know about anyway, for example, the anonymous variables which
   are needed to make references work.  Declare this thing so we can use it.
   The variable created will be of type TYPE.

   STATICP is nonzero if this variable should be static.  */

tree
get_temp_name (type, staticp)
     tree type;
     int staticp;
{
  char buf[sizeof (AUTO_TEMP_FORMAT) + 20];
  tree decl;
  int toplev = toplevel_bindings_p ();

  push_obstacks_nochange ();
  if (toplev || staticp)
    {
      end_temporary_allocation ();
      sprintf (buf, AUTO_TEMP_FORMAT, global_temp_name_counter++);
      decl = pushdecl_top_level (build_decl (VAR_DECL, get_identifier (buf), type));
    }
  else
    {
      sprintf (buf, AUTO_TEMP_FORMAT, temp_name_counter++);
      decl = pushdecl (build_decl (VAR_DECL, get_identifier (buf), type));
    }
  TREE_USED (decl) = 1;
  TREE_STATIC (decl) = staticp;
  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) = 1;

  /* If this is a local variable, then lay out its rtl now.
     Otherwise, callers of this function are responsible for dealing
     with this variable's rtl.  */
  if (! toplev)
    {
      expand_decl (decl);
      expand_decl_init (decl);
    }
  pop_obstacks ();

  return decl;
}

/* Get a variable which we can use for multiple assignments.
   It is not entered into current_binding_level, because
   that breaks things when it comes time to do final cleanups
   (which take place "outside" the binding contour of the function).  */

tree
get_temp_regvar (type, init)
     tree type, init;
{
  tree decl;

  decl = build_decl (VAR_DECL, NULL_TREE, type);
  TREE_USED (decl) = 1;
  DECL_REGISTER (decl) = 1;
  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) = 1;

  DECL_RTL (decl) = assign_temp (type, 2, 0, 1);
  /* We can expand these without fear, since they cannot need
     constructors or destructors.  */
  expand_expr (build_modify_expr (decl, INIT_EXPR, init),
               NULL_RTX, VOIDmode, 0);

  return decl;
}

/* Hunts through the global anonymous union ANON_DECL, building
   appropriate VAR_DECLs.  Stores cleanups on the list of ELEMS, and
   returns a VAR_DECL whose size is the same as the size of the
   ANON_DECL, if one is available.  */

tree 
build_anon_union_vars (anon_decl, elems, static_p, external_p)
     tree anon_decl;
     tree* elems;
     int static_p;
     int external_p;
{
  tree type = TREE_TYPE (anon_decl);
  tree main_decl = NULL_TREE;
  tree field;

  for (field = TYPE_FIELDS (type); 
       field != NULL_TREE; 
       field = TREE_CHAIN (field))
    {
      tree decl;
      if (TREE_CODE (field) != FIELD_DECL)
        continue;

      if (TREE_PRIVATE (field))
        cp_pedwarn_at ("private member `%#D' in anonymous union", field);
      else if (TREE_PROTECTED (field))
        cp_pedwarn_at ("protected member `%#D' in anonymous union", field);

      if (DECL_NAME (field) == NULL_TREE
          && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (field)) == UNION_TYPE)
        {
          decl = build_anon_union_vars (field, elems, static_p, external_p);
          if (!decl)
            continue;
        }
      else if (DECL_NAME (field) == NULL_TREE)
        continue;
      else
        {
          decl = build_decl (VAR_DECL, DECL_NAME (field), TREE_TYPE (field));
          /* tell `pushdecl' that this is not tentative.  */
          DECL_INITIAL (decl) = error_mark_node;
          TREE_PUBLIC (decl) = 0;
          TREE_STATIC (decl) = static_p;
          DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = external_p;
          decl = pushdecl (decl);
          DECL_INITIAL (decl) = NULL_TREE;
        }

      /* Only write out one anon union element--choose the one that
         can hold them all.  */
      if (main_decl == NULL_TREE
          && simple_cst_equal (DECL_SIZE (decl),
                               DECL_SIZE (anon_decl)) == 1)
        main_decl = decl;
      else 
        /* ??? This causes there to be no debug info written out
           about this decl.  */
        TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (decl) = 1;
      
      if (DECL_NAME (field) == NULL_TREE
          && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (field)) == UNION_TYPE)
        /* The remainder of the processing was already done in the
           recursive call.  */
        continue;

      /* If there's a cleanup to do, it belongs in the
         TREE_PURPOSE of the following TREE_LIST.  */
      *elems = scratch_tree_cons (NULL_TREE, decl, *elems);
      TREE_TYPE (*elems) = type;
    }
  
  return main_decl;
}

/* Finish off the processing of a UNION_TYPE structure.
   If there are static members, then all members are
   static, and must be laid out together.  If the
   union is an anonymous union, we arrange for that
   as well.  PUBLIC_P is nonzero if this union is
   not declared static.  */

void
finish_anon_union (anon_union_decl)
     tree anon_union_decl;
{
  tree type = TREE_TYPE (anon_union_decl);
  tree elems = NULL_TREE;
  tree main_decl;
  int public_p = TREE_PUBLIC (anon_union_decl);
  int static_p = TREE_STATIC (anon_union_decl);
  int external_p = DECL_EXTERNAL (anon_union_decl);

  if (TYPE_FIELDS (type) == NULL_TREE)
    return;

  if (public_p)
    {
      error ("global anonymous unions must be declared static");
      return;
    }

  main_decl = build_anon_union_vars (anon_union_decl, &elems, 
                                     static_p, external_p);

  if (main_decl == NULL_TREE)
    {
      warning ("anonymous union with no members");
      return;
    }

  if (static_p)
    {
      make_decl_rtl (main_decl, 0, toplevel_bindings_p ());
      DECL_RTL (anon_union_decl) = DECL_RTL (main_decl);
    }

  /* The following call assumes that there are never any cleanups
     for anonymous unions--a reasonable assumption.  */
  expand_anon_union_decl (anon_union_decl, NULL_TREE, elems);
}

/* Finish processing a builtin type TYPE.  It's name is NAME,
   its fields are in the array FIELDS.  LEN is the number of elements
   in FIELDS minus one, or put another way, it is the maximum subscript
   used in FIELDS.

   It is given the same alignment as ALIGN_TYPE.  */

void
finish_builtin_type (type, name, fields, len, align_type)
     tree type;
     char *name;
     tree fields[];
     int len;
     tree align_type;
{
  register int i;

  TYPE_FIELDS (type) = fields[0];
  for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
      layout_type (TREE_TYPE (fields[i]));
      DECL_FIELD_CONTEXT (fields[i]) = type;
      TREE_CHAIN (fields[i]) = fields[i+1];
    }
  DECL_FIELD_CONTEXT (fields[i]) = type;
  DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (fields[i]) = type;
  TYPE_ALIGN (type) = TYPE_ALIGN (align_type);
  layout_type (type);
#if 0 /* not yet, should get fixed properly later */
  TYPE_NAME (type) = make_type_decl (get_identifier (name), type);
#else
  TYPE_NAME (type) = build_decl (TYPE_DECL, get_identifier (name), type);
#endif
  TYPE_STUB_DECL (type) = TYPE_NAME (type);
  layout_decl (TYPE_NAME (type), 0);
}
\f
/* Auxiliary functions to make type signatures for
   `operator new' and `operator delete' correspond to
   what compiler will be expecting.  */

tree
coerce_new_type (type)
     tree type;
{
  int e1 = 0, e2 = 0;

  if (TREE_CODE (type) == METHOD_TYPE)
    type = build_function_type (TREE_TYPE (type), TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type)));
  if (TREE_TYPE (type) != ptr_type_node)
    e1 = 1, error ("`operator new' must return type `void *'");

  /* Technically the type must be `size_t', but we may not know
     what that is.  */
  if (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type) == NULL_TREE)
    e1 = 1, error ("`operator new' takes type `size_t' parameter");
  else if (TREE_CODE (TREE_VALUE (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type))) != INTEGER_TYPE
           || TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_VALUE (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type))) != TYPE_PRECISION (sizetype))
    e2 = 1, error ("`operator new' takes type `size_t' as first parameter");
  if (e2)
    type = build_function_type (ptr_type_node, tree_cons (NULL_TREE, sizetype, TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type))));
  else if (e1)
    type = build_function_type (ptr_type_node, TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type));
  return type;
}

tree
coerce_delete_type (type)
     tree type;
{
  int e1 = 0, e2 = 0;
#if 0
  e3 = 0;
#endif
  tree arg_types = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type);

  if (TREE_CODE (type) == METHOD_TYPE)
    {
      type = build_function_type (TREE_TYPE (type), TREE_CHAIN (arg_types));
      arg_types = TREE_CHAIN (arg_types);
    }

  if (TREE_TYPE (type) != void_type_node)
    e1 = 1, error ("`operator delete' must return type `void'");

  if (arg_types == NULL_TREE
      || TREE_VALUE (arg_types) != ptr_type_node)
    e2 = 1, error ("`operator delete' takes type `void *' as first parameter");

#if 0
  if (arg_types
      && TREE_CHAIN (arg_types)
      && TREE_CHAIN (arg_types) != void_list_node)
    {
      /* Again, technically this argument must be `size_t', but again
         we may not know what that is.  */
      tree t2 = TREE_VALUE (TREE_CHAIN (arg_types));
      if (TREE_CODE (t2) != INTEGER_TYPE
          || TYPE_PRECISION (t2) != TYPE_PRECISION (sizetype))
        e3 = 1, error ("second argument to `operator delete' must be of type `size_t'");
      else if (TREE_CHAIN (TREE_CHAIN (arg_types)) != void_list_node)
        {
          e3 = 1;
          if (TREE_CHAIN (TREE_CHAIN (arg_types)))
            error ("too many arguments in declaration of `operator delete'");
          else
            error ("`...' invalid in specification of `operator delete'");
        }
    }

  if (e3)
    arg_types = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, ptr_type_node,
                           build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, sizetype));
  else if (e3 |= e2)
    {
      if (arg_types == NULL_TREE)
        arg_types = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, ptr_type_node, void_list_node);
      else
        arg_types = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, ptr_type_node, TREE_CHAIN (arg_types));
    }
  else e3 |= e1;
#endif

  if (e2)
    arg_types = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, ptr_type_node,
                           arg_types ? TREE_CHAIN (arg_types): NULL_TREE);
  if (e2 || e1)
    type = build_function_type (void_type_node, arg_types);

  return type;
}
\f
extern tree abort_fndecl;

static void
mark_vtable_entries (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  tree entries = CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (DECL_INITIAL (decl));

  if (flag_rtti)
    {
      tree fnaddr = (flag_vtable_thunks ? TREE_VALUE (TREE_CHAIN (entries))
                     : FNADDR_FROM_VTABLE_ENTRY (TREE_VALUE (entries)));
      tree fn = TREE_OPERAND (fnaddr, 0);
      TREE_ADDRESSABLE (fn) = 1;
      mark_used (fn);
    }
  skip_rtti_stuff (&entries);

  for (; entries; entries = TREE_CHAIN (entries))
    {
      tree fnaddr = (flag_vtable_thunks ? TREE_VALUE (entries) 
                     : FNADDR_FROM_VTABLE_ENTRY (TREE_VALUE (entries)));
      tree fn = TREE_OPERAND (fnaddr, 0);
      TREE_ADDRESSABLE (fn) = 1;
      if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (fn) && DECL_ABSTRACT_VIRTUAL_P (fn))
        {
          TREE_OPERAND (fnaddr, 0) = fn = copy_node (fn);
          DECL_RTL (fn) = DECL_RTL (abort_fndecl);
          mark_used (abort_fndecl);
        }
      if (TREE_CODE (fn) == THUNK_DECL && DECL_EXTERNAL (fn))
        {
          DECL_EXTERNAL (fn) = 0;
          emit_thunk (fn);
        }
      mark_used (fn);
    }
}

/* Set DECL up to have the closest approximation of "initialized common"
   linkage available.  */

void
comdat_linkage (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  if (flag_weak)
    make_decl_one_only (decl);
  else
    TREE_PUBLIC (decl) = 0;

  if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (decl))
    DECL_COMDAT (decl) = 1;
}

/* For win32 we also want to put explicit instantiations in
   linkonce sections, so that they will be merged with implicit
   instantiations; otherwise we get duplicate symbol errors.  */

void
maybe_make_one_only (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  /* This is not necessary on targets that support weak symbols, because
     the implicit instantiations will defer to the explicit one.  */     
  if (! supports_one_only () || SUPPORTS_WEAK)
    return;

  /* We can't set DECL_COMDAT on functions, or finish_file will think
     we can get away with not emitting them if they aren't used.
     We can't use make_decl_one_only for variables, because their
     DECL_INITIAL may not have been set properly yet.  */

  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
    make_decl_one_only (decl);
  else
    comdat_linkage (decl);
}

/* Set TREE_PUBLIC and/or DECL_EXTERN on the vtable DECL,
   based on TYPE and other static flags.

   Note that anything public is tagged TREE_PUBLIC, whether
   it's public in this file or in another one.  */

void
import_export_vtable (decl, type, final)
     tree decl, type;
     int final;
{
  if (DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (decl))
    return;

  if (TYPE_FOR_JAVA (type))
    {
      TREE_PUBLIC (decl) = 1;
      DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = 1;
      DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (decl) = 1;
    }
  else if (CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_KNOWN (type))
    {
      TREE_PUBLIC (decl) = 1;
      DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = ! CLASSTYPE_VTABLE_NEEDS_WRITING (type);
      DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (decl) = 1;

      /* Always make vtables weak.  */
      if (flag_weak)
        comdat_linkage (decl);
    }
  else
    {
      /* We can only wait to decide if we have real non-inline virtual
         functions in our class, or if we come from a template.  */

      int found = CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (type);

#ifndef MULTIPLE_SYMBOL_SPACES
      if (! found && ! final)
        {
          tree method;
          for (method = TYPE_METHODS (type); method != NULL_TREE;
               method = TREE_CHAIN (method))
            if (DECL_VINDEX (method) != NULL_TREE
                && ! DECL_THIS_INLINE (method)
                && ! DECL_ABSTRACT_VIRTUAL_P (method))
              {
                found = 1;
                break;
              }
        }
#endif

      if (final || ! found)
        {
          comdat_linkage (decl);
          DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = 0;
        }
      else
        {
          TREE_PUBLIC (decl) = 1;
          DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = 1;
        }
    }
}

/* Determine whether or not we want to specifically import or export CTYPE,
   using various heuristics.  */

void
import_export_class (ctype)
     tree ctype;
{
  /* -1 for imported, 1 for exported.  */
  int import_export = 0;

  if (CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_KNOWN (ctype))
    return;

#ifdef VALID_MACHINE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE
  /* FIXME this should really use some sort of target-independent macro.  */
  if (lookup_attribute ("dllimport", TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (ctype)))
    import_export = -1;
  else if (lookup_attribute ("dllexport", TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (ctype)))
    import_export = 1;
#endif

  /* If we got -fno-implicit-templates, we import template classes that
     weren't explicitly instantiated.  */
  if (import_export == 0
      && CLASSTYPE_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (ctype)
      && ! flag_implicit_templates)
    import_export = -1;

#ifndef MULTIPLE_SYMBOL_SPACES
  /* Base our import/export status on that of the first non-inline,
     non-abstract virtual function, if any.  */
  if (import_export == 0
      && TYPE_VIRTUAL_P (ctype)
      && ! CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (ctype))
    {
      tree method;
      for (method = TYPE_METHODS (ctype); method != NULL_TREE;
           method = TREE_CHAIN (method))
        {
          if (DECL_VINDEX (method) != NULL_TREE
              && !DECL_THIS_INLINE (method)
              && !DECL_ABSTRACT_VIRTUAL_P (method))
            {
              import_export = (DECL_REALLY_EXTERN (method) ? -1 : 1);
              break;
            }
        }
    }
#endif

  if (import_export)
    {
      SET_CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_KNOWN (ctype);
      CLASSTYPE_VTABLE_NEEDS_WRITING (ctype) = (import_export > 0);
      CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_ONLY (ctype) = (import_export < 0);
    }
}
    
/* We need to describe to the assembler the relationship between
   a vtable and the vtable of the parent class.  */

static void
output_vtable_inherit (vars)
     tree vars;
{
  tree parent;
  rtx op[2];

  op[0] = XEXP (DECL_RTL (vars), 0);      /* strip the mem ref  */

  parent = binfo_for_vtable (vars);

  if (parent == TYPE_BINFO (DECL_CONTEXT (vars)))
    op[1] = const0_rtx;
  else if (parent)
    {
      parent = TYPE_BINFO_VTABLE (BINFO_TYPE (parent));
      op[1] = XEXP (DECL_RTL (parent), 0);  /* strip the mem ref  */
    }
  else
    my_friendly_abort (980826);

  output_asm_insn (".vtable_inherit %c0, %c1", op);
}

static int
finish_vtable_vardecl (prev, vars)
     tree prev, vars;
{
  tree ctype = DECL_CONTEXT (vars);
  import_export_class (ctype);
  import_export_vtable (vars, ctype, 1);

  if (! DECL_EXTERNAL (vars)
      && (DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (vars)
          || TREE_SYMBOL_REFERENCED (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (vars))
          || (hack_decl_function_context (vars) && TREE_USED (vars)))
      && ! TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (vars))
    {
      /* Write it out.  */
      mark_vtable_entries (vars);
      if (TREE_TYPE (DECL_INITIAL (vars)) == 0)
        store_init_value (vars, DECL_INITIAL (vars));

      if (write_symbols == DWARF_DEBUG || write_symbols == DWARF2_DEBUG)
        {
          /* Mark the VAR_DECL node representing the vtable itself as a
             "gratuitous" one, thereby forcing dwarfout.c to ignore it.
             It is rather important that such things be ignored because
             any effort to actually generate DWARF for them will run
             into trouble when/if we encounter code like:

                #pragma interface
                struct S { virtual void member (); };

              because the artificial declaration of the vtable itself (as
              manufactured by the g++ front end) will say that the vtable
              is a static member of `S' but only *after* the debug output
              for the definition of `S' has already been output.  This causes
              grief because the DWARF entry for the definition of the vtable
              will try to refer back to an earlier *declaration* of the
              vtable as a static member of `S' and there won't be one.
              We might be able to arrange to have the "vtable static member"
              attached to the member list for `S' before the debug info for
              `S' get written (which would solve the problem) but that would
              require more intrusive changes to the g++ front end.  */

          DECL_IGNORED_P (vars) = 1;
        }

      rest_of_decl_compilation (vars, NULL_PTR, 1, 1);

      if (flag_vtable_gc)
        output_vtable_inherit (vars);

      return 1;
    }
  else if (! TREE_SYMBOL_REFERENCED (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (vars)))
    /* We don't know what to do with this one yet.  */
    return 0;

  /* We know that PREV must be non-zero here.  */
  TREE_CHAIN (prev) = TREE_CHAIN (vars);
  return 0;
}

static int
prune_vtable_vardecl (prev, vars)
     tree prev, vars;
{
  /* We know that PREV must be non-zero here.  */
  TREE_CHAIN (prev) = TREE_CHAIN (vars);
  return 1;
}

int
walk_vtables (typedecl_fn, vardecl_fn)
     register void (*typedecl_fn) PROTO ((tree, tree));
     register int (*vardecl_fn) PROTO ((tree, tree));
{
  tree prev, vars;
  int flag = 0;

  for (prev = 0, vars = getdecls (); vars; vars = TREE_CHAIN (vars))
    {
      register tree type = TREE_TYPE (vars);

      if (TREE_CODE (vars) == VAR_DECL && DECL_VIRTUAL_P (vars))
        {
          if (vardecl_fn)
            flag |= (*vardecl_fn) (prev, vars);

          if (prev && TREE_CHAIN (prev) != vars)
            continue;
        }
      else if (TREE_CODE (vars) == TYPE_DECL
               && type != error_mark_node
               && TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (type)
               && CLASSTYPE_VSIZE (type))
        {
          if (typedecl_fn) (*typedecl_fn) (prev, vars);
        }

      prev = vars;
    }

  return flag;
}

static void
finish_sigtable_vardecl (prev, vars)
     tree prev, vars;
{
  /* We don't need to mark sigtable entries as addressable here as is done
     for vtables.  Since sigtables, unlike vtables, are always written out,
     that was already done in build_signature_table_constructor.  */

  rest_of_decl_compilation (vars, NULL_PTR, 1, 1);

  /* We know that PREV must be non-zero here.  */
  TREE_CHAIN (prev) = TREE_CHAIN (vars);
}

void
walk_sigtables (typedecl_fn, vardecl_fn)
     register void (*typedecl_fn) PROTO((tree, tree));
     register void (*vardecl_fn) PROTO((tree, tree));
{
  tree prev, vars;

  for (prev = 0, vars = getdecls (); vars; vars = TREE_CHAIN (vars))
    {
      register tree type = TREE_TYPE (vars);

      if (TREE_CODE (vars) == TYPE_DECL
          && type != error_mark_node
          && IS_SIGNATURE (type))
        {
          if (typedecl_fn) (*typedecl_fn) (prev, vars);
        }
      else if (TREE_CODE (vars) == VAR_DECL
               && TREE_TYPE (vars) != error_mark_node
               && IS_SIGNATURE (TREE_TYPE (vars)))
        {
          if (vardecl_fn) (*vardecl_fn) (prev, vars);
        }
      else
        prev = vars;
    }
}

/* Determines the proper settings of TREE_PUBLIC and DECL_EXTERNAL for an
   inline function or template instantiation at end-of-file.  */

void
import_export_decl (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  if (DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (decl))
    return;

  if (DECL_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (decl)
      || DECL_FRIEND_PSEUDO_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (decl))
    {
      DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (decl) = 1;
      if ((DECL_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (decl)
           || DECL_FRIEND_PSEUDO_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (decl))
          && (flag_implicit_templates
              || (flag_implicit_inline_templates && DECL_THIS_INLINE (decl))))
        {
          if (!TREE_PUBLIC (decl))
            /* Templates are allowed to have internal linkage.  See 
               [basic.link].  */
            ;
          else if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
            comdat_linkage (decl);
          else
            DECL_COMDAT (decl) = 1;
        }
      else
        DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (decl) = 0;
    }
  else if (DECL_FUNCTION_MEMBER_P (decl))
    {
      tree ctype = DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (decl);
      import_export_class (ctype);
      if (CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_KNOWN (ctype)
          && (! DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) || DECL_VINDEX (decl)))
        {
          DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (decl)
            = ! (CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_ONLY (ctype)
                 || (DECL_THIS_INLINE (decl) && ! flag_implement_inlines));

          /* Always make artificials weak.  */
          if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) && flag_weak)
            comdat_linkage (decl);
        }
      else
        comdat_linkage (decl);
    }
  /* tinfo function */
  else if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) && DECL_MUTABLE_P (decl))
    {
      tree ctype = TREE_TYPE (DECL_NAME (decl));

      if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (ctype))
        import_export_class (ctype);

      if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (ctype) && CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_KNOWN (ctype)
          && TYPE_VIRTUAL_P (ctype)
          /* If the type is a cv-qualified variant of a type, then we
             must emit the tinfo function in this translation unit
             since it will not be emitted when the vtable for the type
             is output (which is when the unqualified version is
             generated).  */
          && ctype == TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (ctype))
        {
          DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (decl)
            = ! (CLASSTYPE_INTERFACE_ONLY (ctype)
                 || (DECL_THIS_INLINE (decl) && ! flag_implement_inlines));

          /* Always make artificials weak.  */
          if (flag_weak)
            comdat_linkage (decl);
        }
      else if (TYPE_BUILT_IN (ctype) && ctype == TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (ctype))
        DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (decl) = 0;
      else
        comdat_linkage (decl);
    } 
  else
    comdat_linkage (decl);

  DECL_INTERFACE_KNOWN (decl) = 1;
}

tree
build_cleanup (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  tree temp;
  tree type = TREE_TYPE (decl);

  if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
    temp = decl;
  else
    {
      mark_addressable (decl);
      temp = build1 (ADDR_EXPR, build_pointer_type (type), decl);
    }
  temp = build_delete (TREE_TYPE (temp), temp,
                       integer_two_node,
                       LOOKUP_NORMAL|LOOKUP_NONVIRTUAL|LOOKUP_DESTRUCTOR, 0);
  return temp;
}

extern int parse_time, varconst_time;
extern tree pending_templates;
extern tree maybe_templates;

static tree
get_sentry (base)
     tree base;
{
  tree sname = get_id_2 ("__sn", base);
  /* For struct X foo __attribute__((weak)), there is a counter
     __snfoo. Since base is already an assembler name, sname should
     be globally unique */
  tree sentry = IDENTIFIER_GLOBAL_VALUE (sname);
  if (! sentry)
    {
      push_obstacks_nochange ();
      end_temporary_allocation ();
      sentry = build_decl (VAR_DECL, sname, integer_type_node);
      TREE_PUBLIC (sentry) = 1;
      DECL_ARTIFICIAL (sentry) = 1;
      TREE_STATIC (sentry) = 1;
      TREE_USED (sentry) = 1;
      DECL_COMMON (sentry) = 1;
      pushdecl_top_level (sentry);
      cp_finish_decl (sentry, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, 0, 0);
      pop_obstacks ();
    }
  return sentry;
}

/* A list of objects which have constructors or destructors
   which reside in the global scope.  The decl is stored in
   the TREE_VALUE slot and the initializer is stored
   in the TREE_PURPOSE slot.  */
extern tree static_aggregates_initp;

/* Set up the static_aggregates* lists for processing.  Subroutine of
   finish_file.  Note that this function changes the format of
   static_aggregates_initp, from (priority . decl) to
   (priority . ((initializer . decl) ...)).  */

static void
setup_initp ()
{
  tree t, *p, next_t;

  if (! flag_init_priority)
    {
      for (t = static_aggregates_initp; t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
        cp_warning ("init_priority for `%#D' ignored without -finit-priority",
                    TREE_VALUE (t));
      return;
    }

  /* First, remove any entries from static_aggregates that are also in
     static_aggregates_initp, and update the entries in _initp to
     include the initializer.  */
  p = &static_aggregates;
  for (; *p; )
    {
      t = value_member (TREE_VALUE (*p), static_aggregates_initp);

      if (t)
        {
          TREE_VALUE (t) = *p;
          *p = TREE_CHAIN (*p);
          TREE_CHAIN (TREE_VALUE (t)) = NULL_TREE;
        }
      else
        p = &TREE_CHAIN (*p);
    }

  /* Then, group static_aggregates_initp.  After this step, there will only
     be one entry for each priority, with a chain coming off it.  */
  t = static_aggregates_initp;
  static_aggregates_initp = NULL_TREE;

  for (; t; t = next_t)
    {
      next_t = TREE_CHAIN (t);

      for (p = &static_aggregates_initp; ; p = &TREE_CHAIN (*p))
        {
          if (*p == NULL_TREE
              || tree_int_cst_lt (TREE_PURPOSE (*p), TREE_PURPOSE (t)))
            {
              TREE_CHAIN (t) = *p;
              *p = t;
              break;
            }
          else if (tree_int_cst_equal (TREE_PURPOSE (*p), TREE_PURPOSE (t)))
            {
              TREE_CHAIN (TREE_VALUE (t)) = TREE_VALUE (*p);
              TREE_VALUE (*p) = TREE_VALUE (t);
              break;
            }
        }
    }

  /* Reverse each list to preserve the order (currently reverse declaration
     order, for destructors).  */
  for (t = static_aggregates_initp; t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
    TREE_VALUE (t) = nreverse (TREE_VALUE (t));
}

/* Start the process of running a particular set of global constructors
   or destructors.  Subroutine of do_[cd]tors.  */

static void
start_objects (method_type, initp)
     int method_type, initp;
{
  tree fnname;
  char type[10];

  /* Make ctor or dtor function.  METHOD_TYPE may be 'I' or 'D'.  */

  if (flag_init_priority)
    {
      char joiner;

#ifdef JOINER
      joiner = JOINER;
#else
      joiner = '_';
#endif
      if (initp == 0)
        initp = DEFAULT_INIT_PRIORITY;

      sprintf (type, "%c%c%.5u", method_type, joiner, initp);
    }
  else
    sprintf (type, "%c", method_type);

  fnname = get_file_function_name_long (type);

  start_function (void_list_node,
                  make_call_declarator (fnname, void_list_node, NULL_TREE,
                                        NULL_TREE),
                  NULL_TREE, 0);

  store_parm_decls ();
  pushlevel (0);
  clear_last_expr ();
  push_momentary ();
  expand_start_bindings (0);
}

/* Finish the process of running a particular set of global constructors
   or destructors.  Subroutine of do_[cd]tors.  */

static void
finish_objects (method_type, initp)
     int method_type, initp;
{
  char *fnname;

  if (! initp)
    {
      tree list = (method_type == 'I' ? static_ctors : static_dtors);

      if (! current_function_decl && list)
        start_objects (method_type, initp);

      for (; list; list = TREE_CHAIN (list))
        expand_expr_stmt (build_function_call (TREE_VALUE (list), NULL_TREE));
    }

  if (! current_function_decl)
    return;

  fnname = XSTR (XEXP (DECL_RTL (current_function_decl), 0), 0);

  /* Finish up. */
  expand_end_bindings (getdecls (), 1, 0);
  poplevel (1, 0, 0);
  pop_momentary ();
  finish_function (lineno, 0, 0);

  if (! flag_init_priority)
    {
      if (method_type == 'I')
        assemble_constructor (fnname);
      else
        assemble_destructor (fnname);
    }

#ifdef ASM_OUTPUT_SECTION_NAME
  /* If we're using init priority we can't use assemble_*tor, but on ELF
     targets we can stick the references into named sections for GNU ld
     to collect.  */
  if (flag_init_priority)
    {
      char buf[15];
      if (initp == 0)
        initp = DEFAULT_INIT_PRIORITY;
      sprintf (buf, ".%ctors.%.5u", method_type == 'I' ? 'c' : 'd',
               /* invert the numbering so the linker puts us in the proper
                  order; constructors are run from right to left, and the
                  linker sorts in increasing order.  */
               MAX_INIT_PRIORITY - initp);
      named_section (NULL_TREE, buf, 0);
      assemble_integer (gen_rtx_SYMBOL_REF (Pmode, fnname),
                        POINTER_SIZE / BITS_PER_UNIT, 1);
    }
#endif
}

/* Generate a function to run a set of global destructors.  START is either
   NULL_TREE or a node indicating a set of destructors with the same
   init priority.  Subroutine of finish_file.  */

static void
do_dtors (start)
     tree start;
{
  tree vars;
  int initp;

  if (start)
    {
      initp = TREE_INT_CST_LOW (TREE_PURPOSE (start));
      vars = TREE_VALUE (start);
    }
  else
    {
      initp = 0;
      vars = static_aggregates;
    }

  for (; vars; vars = TREE_CHAIN (vars))
    {
      tree decl = TREE_VALUE (vars);
      tree type = TREE_TYPE (decl);
      tree temp;

      if (TYPE_NEEDS_DESTRUCTOR (type) && ! TREE_STATIC (vars)
          && ! DECL_EXTERNAL (decl))
        {
          int protect = (TREE_PUBLIC (decl) && (DECL_COMMON (decl)
                                                || DECL_ONE_ONLY (decl)
                                                || DECL_WEAK (decl)));

          if (! current_function_decl)
            start_objects ('D', initp);

          /* Because of:

               [class.access.spec]

               Access control for implicit calls to the constructors,
               the conversion functions, or the destructor called to
               create and destroy a static data member is performed as
               if these calls appeared in the scope of the member's
               class.  

             we must convince enforce_access to let us access the
             DECL.  */
          if (member_p (decl))
            {
              DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (current_function_decl)
                = DECL_CONTEXT (decl);
              DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (current_function_decl) = 1;
            }

          temp = build_cleanup (decl);

          if (protect)
            {
              tree sentry = get_sentry (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (decl));
              sentry = build_unary_op (PREDECREMENT_EXPR, sentry, 0);
              sentry = build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR, sentry, integer_zero_node, 1);
              expand_start_cond (sentry, 0);
            }

          expand_expr_stmt (temp);

          if (protect)
            expand_end_cond ();
          
          /* Now that we're done with DECL we don't need to pretend to
             be a member of its class any longer.  */
          DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (current_function_decl) = NULL_TREE;
          DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (current_function_decl) = 0;
        }
    }

  finish_objects ('D', initp);
}

/* Generate a function to run a set of global constructors.  START is
   either NULL_TREE or a node indicating a set of constructors with the
   same init priority.  Subroutine of finish_file.  */

static void
do_ctors (start)
     tree start;
{
  tree vars;
  int initp;

  if (start)
    {
      initp = TREE_INT_CST_LOW (TREE_PURPOSE (start));
      vars = TREE_VALUE (start);
    }
  else
    {
      initp = 0;
      vars = static_aggregates;
    }

  /* Reverse the list so it's in the right order for ctors.  */
  vars = nreverse (vars);

  for (; vars; vars = TREE_CHAIN (vars))
    {
      tree decl = TREE_VALUE (vars);
      tree init = TREE_PURPOSE (vars);

      /* If this was a static attribute within some function's scope,
         then don't initialize it here.  Also, don't bother
         with initializers that contain errors.  */
      if (TREE_STATIC (vars)
          || DECL_EXTERNAL (decl)
          || (init && TREE_CODE (init) == TREE_LIST
              && value_member (error_mark_node, init)))
        continue;

      if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL)
        {
          int protect = (TREE_PUBLIC (decl) && (DECL_COMMON (decl)
                                                || DECL_ONE_ONLY (decl)
                                                || DECL_WEAK (decl)));

          if (! current_function_decl)
            start_objects ('I', initp);

          /* Set these global variables so that GDB at least puts
             us near the declaration which required the initialization.  */
          input_filename = DECL_SOURCE_FILE (decl);
          lineno = DECL_SOURCE_LINE (decl);
          emit_note (input_filename, lineno);

          /* 9.5p5: The initializer of a static member of a class has
             the same access rights as a member function.  */
          if (member_p (decl))
            {
              DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (current_function_decl)
                = DECL_CONTEXT (decl);
              DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (current_function_decl) = 1;
            }

          if (protect)
            {
              tree sentry = get_sentry (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (decl));
              sentry = build_unary_op (PREINCREMENT_EXPR, sentry, 0);
              sentry = build_binary_op
                (EQ_EXPR, sentry, integer_one_node, 1);
              expand_start_cond (sentry, 0);
            }

          expand_start_target_temps ();

          if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (decl))
              || TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) == ARRAY_TYPE)
            expand_aggr_init (decl, init, 0);
          else if (TREE_CODE (init) == TREE_VEC)
            {
              expand_expr (expand_vec_init (decl, TREE_VEC_ELT (init, 0),
                                            TREE_VEC_ELT (init, 1),
                                            TREE_VEC_ELT (init, 2), 0),
                           const0_rtx, VOIDmode, EXPAND_NORMAL);
            }
          else
            expand_assignment (decl, init, 0, 0);
              
          /* The expression might have involved increments and
             decrements.  */
          emit_queue ();

          /* Cleanup any temporaries needed for the initial value.  */
          expand_end_target_temps ();

          if (protect)
            expand_end_cond ();

          DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (current_function_decl) = NULL_TREE;
          DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (current_function_decl) = 0;
        }
      else if (decl == error_mark_node)
        /* OK */;
      else
        my_friendly_abort (22);
    }

  finish_objects ('I', initp);
}

/* This routine is called from the last rule in yyparse ().
   Its job is to create all the code needed to initialize and
   destroy the global aggregates.  We do the destruction
   first, since that way we only need to reverse the decls once.  */

void
finish_file ()
{
  extern int lineno;
  int start_time, this_time;

  tree fnname;
  tree vars;
  int needs_cleaning = 0, needs_messing_up = 0;

  at_eof = 1;

  /* Bad parse errors.  Just forget about it.  */
  if (! global_bindings_p () || current_class_type)
    return;

  check_decl_namespace ();

  start_time = get_run_time ();

  /* Otherwise, GDB can get confused, because in only knows
     about source for LINENO-1 lines.  */
  lineno -= 1;

  interface_unknown = 1;
  interface_only = 0;

  for (fnname = pending_templates; fnname; fnname = TREE_CHAIN (fnname))
    {
      tree srcloc = TREE_PURPOSE (fnname);
      tree decl = TREE_VALUE (fnname);

      input_filename = SRCLOC_FILE (srcloc);
      lineno = SRCLOC_LINE (srcloc);

      if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (decl)) == 't')
        {
          instantiate_class_template (decl);
          if (CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (decl))
            for (vars = TYPE_METHODS (decl); vars; vars = TREE_CHAIN (vars))
              if (! DECL_ARTIFICIAL (vars))
                instantiate_decl (vars);
        }
      else
        instantiate_decl (decl);
    }

  for (fnname = maybe_templates; fnname; fnname = TREE_CHAIN (fnname))
    {
      tree args, fn, decl = TREE_VALUE (fnname);

      if (DECL_INITIAL (decl))
        continue;

      fn = TREE_PURPOSE (fnname);
      args = get_bindings (fn, decl, NULL_TREE);
      fn = instantiate_template (fn, args);
      instantiate_decl (fn);
    }

  cat_namespace_levels();

  /* Push into C language context, because that's all
     we'll need here.  */
  push_lang_context (lang_name_c);

#if 1
  /* The reason for pushing garbage onto the global_binding_level is to
     ensure that we can slice out _DECLs which pertain to virtual function
     tables.  If the last thing pushed onto the global_binding_level was a
     virtual function table, then slicing it out would slice away all the
     decls (i.e., we lose the head of the chain).

     There are several ways of getting the same effect, from changing the
     way that iterators over the chain treat the elements that pertain to
     virtual function tables, moving the implementation of this code to
     decl.c (where we can manipulate global_binding_level directly),
     popping the garbage after pushing it and slicing away the vtable
     stuff, or just leaving it alone.  */

  /* Make last thing in global scope not be a virtual function table.  */
#if 0 /* not yet, should get fixed properly later */
  vars = make_type_decl (get_identifier (" @%$#@!"), integer_type_node);
#else
  vars = build_decl (TYPE_DECL, get_identifier (" @%$#@!"), integer_type_node);
#endif
  DECL_IGNORED_P (vars) = 1;
  SET_DECL_ARTIFICIAL (vars);
  pushdecl (vars);
#endif

  for (vars = static_aggregates; vars; vars = TREE_CHAIN (vars))
    if (! TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (TREE_VALUE (vars)))
      rest_of_decl_compilation (TREE_VALUE (vars), 0, 1, 1);
  vars = static_aggregates;

  if (static_ctors || vars)
    needs_messing_up = 1;
  if (static_dtors || vars)
    needs_cleaning = 1;

  setup_initp ();

  /* After setup_initp, the aggregates are listed in reverse declaration
     order, for cleaning.  */
  if (needs_cleaning)
    {
      do_dtors (NULL_TREE);

      if (flag_init_priority)
        for (vars = static_aggregates_initp; vars; vars = TREE_CHAIN (vars))
          do_dtors (vars);
    }

  /* do_ctors will reverse the lists for messing up.  */
  if (needs_messing_up)
    {
      do_ctors (NULL_TREE);

      if (flag_init_priority)
        for (vars = static_aggregates_initp; vars; vars = TREE_CHAIN (vars))
          do_ctors (vars);
  }

  permanent_allocation (1);

  /* Done with C language context needs.  */
  pop_lang_context ();

  /* Now write out any static class variables (which may have since
     learned how to be initialized).  */
  while (pending_statics)
    {
      tree decl = TREE_VALUE (pending_statics);

      /* Output DWARF debug information.  */
#ifdef DWARF_DEBUGGING_INFO
      if (write_symbols == DWARF_DEBUG)
        dwarfout_file_scope_decl (decl, 1);
#endif
#ifdef DWARF2_DEBUGGING_INFO
      if (write_symbols == DWARF2_DEBUG)
        dwarf2out_decl (decl);
#endif

      DECL_DEFER_OUTPUT (decl) = 0;
      rest_of_decl_compilation
        (decl, IDENTIFIER_POINTER (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (decl)), 1, 1);

      pending_statics = TREE_CHAIN (pending_statics);
    }

  this_time = get_run_time ();
  parse_time -= this_time - start_time;
  varconst_time += this_time - start_time;

  start_time = get_run_time ();

  if (flag_handle_signatures)
    walk_sigtables ((void (*) PROTO ((tree, tree))) 0,
                    finish_sigtable_vardecl);

  for (fnname = saved_inlines; fnname; fnname = TREE_CHAIN (fnname))
    {
      tree decl = TREE_VALUE (fnname);
      import_export_decl (decl);
    }

  mark_all_runtime_matches ();

  /* Now write out inline functions which had their addresses taken and
     which were not declared virtual and which were not declared `extern
     inline'.  */
  {
    int reconsider = 1;         /* More may be referenced; check again */

    while (reconsider)
      {
        tree *p = &saved_inlines;
        reconsider = 0;

        /* We need to do this each time so that newly completed template
           types don't wind up at the front of the list.  Sigh.  */
        vars = build_decl (TYPE_DECL, make_anon_name (), integer_type_node);
        DECL_IGNORED_P (vars) = 1;
        SET_DECL_ARTIFICIAL (vars);
        pushdecl (vars);

        reconsider |= walk_vtables ((void (*) PROTO((tree, tree))) 0, 
                                    finish_vtable_vardecl);

        while (*p)
          {
            tree decl = TREE_VALUE (*p);

            if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) && ! DECL_INITIAL (decl)
                && TREE_USED (decl)
                && (! DECL_REALLY_EXTERN (decl) || DECL_INLINE (decl)))
              {
                if (DECL_MUTABLE_P (decl))
                  synthesize_tinfo_fn (decl);
                else
                  synthesize_method (decl);
                reconsider = 1;
              }

            /* Catch new template instantiations.  */
            if (decl != TREE_VALUE (*p))
              continue;

            if (TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (decl)
                || (DECL_SAVED_INSNS (decl) == 0 && ! DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl)))
              *p = TREE_CHAIN (*p);
            else if (DECL_INITIAL (decl) == 0)
              p = &TREE_CHAIN (*p);
            else if ((TREE_PUBLIC (decl) && ! DECL_COMDAT (decl))
                     || TREE_SYMBOL_REFERENCED (DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (decl))
                     || flag_keep_inline_functions)
              {
                if (DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (decl))
                  {
                    DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = 0;
                    reconsider = 1;
                    /* We can't inline this function after it's been
                       emitted.  We want a variant of
                       output_inline_function that doesn't prevent
                       subsequent integration...  */
                    DECL_INLINE (decl) = 0;
                    output_inline_function (decl);
                    permanent_allocation (1);
                  }

                *p = TREE_CHAIN (*p);
              }
            else
              p = &TREE_CHAIN (*p);
          }
      }

    /* It's possible that some of the remaining inlines will still be
       needed.  For example, a static inline whose address is used in
       the initializer for a file-scope static variable will be
       needed.  Code in compile_file will handle this, but we mustn't
       pretend that there are no definitions for the inlines, or it
       won't be able to.

       FIXME: This won't catch member functions.  We should really
       unify this stuff with the compile_file stuff.  */
    for (vars = saved_inlines; vars != NULL_TREE; vars = TREE_CHAIN (vars))
      {
        tree decl = TREE_VALUE (vars);

        if (DECL_NOT_REALLY_EXTERN (decl)
            && !DECL_COMDAT (decl)
            && DECL_INITIAL (decl) != NULL_TREE)
          DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = 0;
      }
  }

  /* Now delete from the chain of variables all virtual function tables.
     We output them all ourselves, because each will be treated specially.  */

  walk_vtables ((void (*) PROTO((tree, tree))) 0,
                prune_vtable_vardecl);

  finish_repo ();

  this_time = get_run_time ();
  parse_time -= this_time - start_time;
  varconst_time += this_time - start_time;

  if (flag_detailed_statistics)
    {
      dump_tree_statistics ();
      dump_time_statistics ();
    }
}

/* This is something of the form 'A()()()()()+1' that has turned out to be an
   expr.  Since it was parsed like a type, we need to wade through and fix
   that.  Unfortunately, since operator() is left-associative, we can't use
   tail recursion.  In the above example, TYPE is `A', and DECL is
   `()()()()()'.

   Maybe this shouldn't be recursive, but how often will it actually be
   used?  (jason) */

tree
reparse_absdcl_as_expr (type, decl)
     tree type, decl;
{
  /* do build_functional_cast (type, NULL_TREE) at bottom */
  if (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0) == NULL_TREE)
    return build_functional_cast (type, NULL_TREE);

  /* recurse */
  decl = reparse_decl_as_expr (type, TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0));

  decl = build_x_function_call (decl, NULL_TREE, current_class_ref);

  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == CALL_EXPR && TREE_TYPE (decl) != void_type_node)
    decl = require_complete_type (decl);

  return decl;
}

/* This is something of the form `int ((int)(int)(int)1)' that has turned
   out to be an expr.  Since it was parsed like a type, we need to wade
   through and fix that.  Since casts are right-associative, we are
   reversing the order, so we don't have to recurse.

   In the above example, DECL is the `(int)(int)(int)', and EXPR is the
   `1'.  */

tree
reparse_absdcl_as_casts (decl, expr)
     tree decl, expr;
{
  tree type;
  
  if (TREE_CODE (expr) == CONSTRUCTOR
      && TREE_TYPE (expr) == 0)
    {
      type = groktypename (TREE_VALUE (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 1)));
      decl = TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0);

      if (IS_SIGNATURE (type))
        {
          error ("cast specifies signature type");
          return error_mark_node;
        }

      expr = digest_init (type, expr, (tree *) 0);
      if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE && TYPE_SIZE (type) == 0)
        {
          int failure = complete_array_type (type, expr, 1);
          if (failure)
            my_friendly_abort (78);
        }
    }

  while (decl)
    {
      type = groktypename (TREE_VALUE (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 1)));
      decl = TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0);
      expr = build_c_cast (type, expr);
    }

  if (warn_old_style_cast)
    warning ("use of old-style cast");

  return expr;
}

/* Given plain tree nodes for an expression, build up the full semantics.  */

tree
build_expr_from_tree (t)
     tree t;
{
  if (t == NULL_TREE || t == error_mark_node)
    return t;

  switch (TREE_CODE (t))
    {
    case IDENTIFIER_NODE:
      return do_identifier (t, 0, NULL_TREE);

    case LOOKUP_EXPR:
      if (LOOKUP_EXPR_GLOBAL (t))
        return do_scoped_id (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), 0);
      else
        return do_identifier (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), 0, NULL_TREE);

    case TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR:
      return (lookup_template_function
              (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
               build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1))));

    case INDIRECT_REF:
      return build_x_indirect_ref
        (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)), "unary *");

    case CAST_EXPR:
      return build_functional_cast
        (TREE_TYPE (t), build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case REINTERPRET_CAST_EXPR:
      return build_reinterpret_cast
        (TREE_TYPE (t), build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case CONST_CAST_EXPR:
      return build_const_cast
        (TREE_TYPE (t), build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case DYNAMIC_CAST_EXPR:
      return build_dynamic_cast
        (TREE_TYPE (t), build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case STATIC_CAST_EXPR:
      return build_static_cast
        (TREE_TYPE (t), build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case PREDECREMENT_EXPR:
    case PREINCREMENT_EXPR:
    case POSTDECREMENT_EXPR:
    case POSTINCREMENT_EXPR:
    case NEGATE_EXPR:
    case BIT_NOT_EXPR:
    case ABS_EXPR:
    case TRUTH_NOT_EXPR:
    case ADDR_EXPR:
    case CONVERT_EXPR:      /* Unary + */
      if (TREE_TYPE (t))
        return t;
      return build_x_unary_op (TREE_CODE (t),
                               build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case PLUS_EXPR:
    case MINUS_EXPR:
    case MULT_EXPR:
    case TRUNC_DIV_EXPR:
    case CEIL_DIV_EXPR:
    case FLOOR_DIV_EXPR:
    case ROUND_DIV_EXPR:
    case EXACT_DIV_EXPR:
    case BIT_AND_EXPR:
    case BIT_ANDTC_EXPR:
    case BIT_IOR_EXPR:
    case BIT_XOR_EXPR:
    case TRUNC_MOD_EXPR:
    case FLOOR_MOD_EXPR:
    case TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR:
    case TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR:
    case TRUTH_AND_EXPR:
    case TRUTH_OR_EXPR:
    case RSHIFT_EXPR:
    case LSHIFT_EXPR:
    case RROTATE_EXPR:
    case LROTATE_EXPR:
    case EQ_EXPR:
    case NE_EXPR:
    case MAX_EXPR:
    case MIN_EXPR:
    case LE_EXPR:
    case GE_EXPR:
    case LT_EXPR:
    case GT_EXPR:
    case MEMBER_REF:
      return build_x_binary_op
        (TREE_CODE (t), 
         build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
         build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)));

    case DOTSTAR_EXPR:
      return build_m_component_ref
        (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
         build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)));

    case SCOPE_REF:
      return build_offset_ref (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), TREE_OPERAND (t, 1));

    case ARRAY_REF:
      if (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0) == NULL_TREE)
        /* new-type-id */
        return build_parse_node (ARRAY_REF, NULL_TREE,
                                 build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)));
      return grok_array_decl (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
                              build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)));

    case SIZEOF_EXPR:
    case ALIGNOF_EXPR:
      {
        tree r = build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
        if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (r)) != 't')
          r = TREE_TYPE (r);
        return TREE_CODE (t) == SIZEOF_EXPR ? c_sizeof (r) : c_alignof (r);
      }

    case MODOP_EXPR:
      return build_x_modify_expr
        (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
         TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
         build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2)));

    case ARROW_EXPR:
      return build_x_arrow
        (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case NEW_EXPR:
      return build_new
        (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
         build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
         build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2)),
         NEW_EXPR_USE_GLOBAL (t));

    case DELETE_EXPR:
      return delete_sanity
        (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
         build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
         DELETE_EXPR_USE_VEC (t), DELETE_EXPR_USE_GLOBAL (t));

    case COMPOUND_EXPR:
      if (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1) == NULL_TREE)
        return build_x_compound_expr
          (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));
      else
        my_friendly_abort (42);

    case METHOD_CALL_EXPR:
      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)) == SCOPE_REF)
        {
          tree ref = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
          return build_scoped_method_call
            (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
             build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (ref, 0)),
             TREE_OPERAND (ref, 1),
             build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2)));
        }
      return build_method_call
        (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
         TREE_OPERAND (t, 0),
         build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2)),
         NULL_TREE, LOOKUP_NORMAL);

    case CALL_EXPR:
      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)) == SCOPE_REF)
        {
          tree ref = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
          return build_member_call
            (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (ref, 0)),
             TREE_OPERAND (ref, 1),
             build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)));
        }
      else
        {
          tree name = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
          tree id;
          tree args = build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1));
          if (args != NULL_TREE && TREE_CODE (name) == LOOKUP_EXPR
              && !LOOKUP_EXPR_GLOBAL (name)
              && TREE_CODE ((id = TREE_OPERAND (name, 0))) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
              && (!current_class_type
                  || !lookup_member (current_class_type, id, 0, 0)))
            {
              /* Do Koenig lookup if there are no class members. */
              name = do_identifier (id, 0, args);
            }
          else if (TREE_CODE (name) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR
              || ! really_overloaded_fn (name))
            name = build_expr_from_tree (name);
          return build_x_function_call (name, args, current_class_ref);
        }

    case COND_EXPR:
      return build_x_conditional_expr
        (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
         build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1)),
         build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2)));

    case TREE_LIST:
      {
        tree purpose, value, chain;

        if (t == void_list_node)
          return t;

        purpose = TREE_PURPOSE (t);
        if (purpose)
          purpose = build_expr_from_tree (purpose);
        value = TREE_VALUE (t);
        if (value)
          value = build_expr_from_tree (value);
        chain = TREE_CHAIN (t);
        if (chain && chain != void_type_node)
          chain = build_expr_from_tree (chain);
        return expr_tree_cons (purpose, value, chain);
      }

    case COMPONENT_REF:
      return build_x_component_ref
        (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)),
         TREE_OPERAND (t, 1), NULL_TREE, 1);
      
    case THROW_EXPR:
      return build_throw (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case CONSTRUCTOR:
      {
        tree r;

        /* digest_init will do the wrong thing if we let it.  */
        if (TREE_TYPE (t) && TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (TREE_TYPE (t)))
          return t;

        r = build_nt (CONSTRUCTOR, NULL_TREE,
                      build_expr_from_tree (CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (t)));
        TREE_HAS_CONSTRUCTOR (r) = TREE_HAS_CONSTRUCTOR (t);

        if (TREE_TYPE (t))
          return digest_init (TREE_TYPE (t), r, 0);
        return r;
      }

    case TYPEID_EXPR:
      if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0))) == 't')
        return get_typeid (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0));
      return build_x_typeid (build_expr_from_tree (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0)));

    case VAR_DECL:
      return convert_from_reference (t);

    default:
      return t;
    }
}

/* This is something of the form `int (*a)++' that has turned out to be an
   expr.  It was only converted into parse nodes, so we need to go through
   and build up the semantics.  Most of the work is done by
   build_expr_from_tree, above.

   In the above example, TYPE is `int' and DECL is `*a'.  */

tree
reparse_decl_as_expr (type, decl)
     tree type, decl;
{
  decl = build_expr_from_tree (decl);
  if (type)
    return build_functional_cast (type, build_expr_list (NULL_TREE, decl));
  else
    return decl;
}

/* This is something of the form `int (*a)' that has turned out to be a
   decl.  It was only converted into parse nodes, so we need to do the
   checking that make_{pointer,reference}_declarator do.  */

tree
finish_decl_parsing (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  extern int current_class_depth;
  
  switch (TREE_CODE (decl))
    {
    case IDENTIFIER_NODE:
      return decl;
    case INDIRECT_REF:
      return make_pointer_declarator
        (NULL_TREE, finish_decl_parsing (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0)));
    case ADDR_EXPR:
      return make_reference_declarator
        (NULL_TREE, finish_decl_parsing (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0)));
    case BIT_NOT_EXPR:
      TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0) = finish_decl_parsing (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0));
      return decl;
    case SCOPE_REF:
      push_nested_class (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0)), 3);
      TREE_COMPLEXITY (decl) = current_class_depth;
      return decl;
    case ARRAY_REF:
      TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0) = finish_decl_parsing (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0));
      return decl;
    case TREE_LIST:
      /* For attribute handling.  */
      TREE_VALUE (decl) = finish_decl_parsing (TREE_VALUE (decl));
      return decl;
    default:
      my_friendly_abort (5);
      return NULL_TREE;
    }
}

tree
check_cp_case_value (value)
     tree value;
{
  if (value == NULL_TREE)
    return value;

  /* Strip NON_LVALUE_EXPRs since we aren't using as an lvalue.  */
  STRIP_TYPE_NOPS (value);

  if (TREE_READONLY_DECL_P (value))
    {
      value = decl_constant_value (value);
      STRIP_TYPE_NOPS (value);
    }
  value = fold (value);

  if (TREE_CODE (value) != INTEGER_CST
      && value != error_mark_node)
    {
      cp_error ("case label `%E' does not reduce to an integer constant",
                value);
      value = error_mark_node;
    }
  else
    /* Promote char or short to int.  */
    value = default_conversion (value);

  constant_expression_warning (value);

  return value;
}

/* Return 1 if root encloses child. */

static int
is_namespace_ancestor (root, child)
     tree root, child;
{
  if (root == child)
    return 1;
  if (root == global_namespace)
    return 1;
  if (child == global_namespace)
    return 0;
  return is_namespace_ancestor (root, CP_DECL_CONTEXT (child));
}
  

/* Return the namespace that is the common ancestor 
   of two given namespaces. */

tree
namespace_ancestor (ns1, ns2)
     tree ns1, ns2;
{
  if (is_namespace_ancestor (ns1, ns2))
    return ns1;
  return namespace_ancestor (CP_DECL_CONTEXT (ns1), ns2);
}

/* Insert used into the using list of user. Set indirect_flag if this
   directive is not directly from the source. Also find the common
   ancestor and let our users know about the new namespace */
static void 
add_using_namespace (user, used, indirect)
     tree user;
     tree used;
     int indirect;
{
  tree t;
  /* Using oneself is a no-op. */
  if (user == used)
    return;
  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (user) == NAMESPACE_DECL, 380);
  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (used) == NAMESPACE_DECL, 380);
  /* Check if we already have this. */
  t = purpose_member (used, DECL_NAMESPACE_USING (user));
  if (t != NULL_TREE)
    {
      if (!indirect)
        /* Promote to direct usage. */
        TREE_INDIRECT_USING (t) = 0;
      return;
    }

  /* Add used to the user's using list. */
  DECL_NAMESPACE_USING (user) 
    = perm_tree_cons (used, namespace_ancestor (user, used), 
                      DECL_NAMESPACE_USING (user));

  TREE_INDIRECT_USING (DECL_NAMESPACE_USING (user)) = indirect;

  /* Add user to the used's users list. */
  DECL_NAMESPACE_USERS (used)
    = perm_tree_cons (user, 0, DECL_NAMESPACE_USERS (used));

  /* Recursively add all namespaces used. */
  for (t = DECL_NAMESPACE_USING (used); t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
    /* indirect usage */
    add_using_namespace (user, TREE_PURPOSE (t), 1);

  /* Tell everyone using us about the new used namespaces. */
  for (t = DECL_NAMESPACE_USERS (user); t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
    add_using_namespace (TREE_PURPOSE (t), used, 1);
}

/* Combines two sets of overloaded functions into an OVERLOAD chain, removing
   duplicates.  The first list becomes the tail of the result.

   The algorithm is O(n^2).  We could get this down to O(n log n) by
   doing a sort on the addresses of the functions, if that becomes
   necessary.  */

static tree
merge_functions (s1, s2)
     tree s1;
     tree s2;
{
  for (; s2; s2 = OVL_NEXT (s2))
    {
      tree fn = OVL_CURRENT (s2);
      if (! ovl_member (fn, s1))
        s1 = build_overload (fn, s1);
    }
  return s1;
}

/* This should return an error not all definitions define functions.
   It is not an error if we find two functions with exactly the
   same signature, only if these are selected in overload resolution.
   old is the current set of bindings, new the freshly-found binding.
   XXX Do we want to give *all* candidates in case of ambiguity?
   XXX In what way should I treat extern declarations?
   XXX I don't want to repeat the entire duplicate_decls here */

static tree
ambiguous_decl (name, old, new, flags)
     tree name;
     tree old;
     tree new;
     int flags;
{
  tree val, type;
  my_friendly_assert (old != NULL_TREE, 393);
  /* Copy the value. */
  val = BINDING_VALUE (new);
  if (val)
    switch (TREE_CODE (val))
      {
      case TEMPLATE_DECL:
        /* If we expect types or namespaces, and not templates,
           or this is not a template class. */
        if (LOOKUP_QUALIFIERS_ONLY (flags)
            && (!(flags & LOOKUP_TEMPLATES_EXPECTED)
                || !DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (val)))
          val = NULL_TREE;
        break;
      case TYPE_DECL:
        if (LOOKUP_NAMESPACES_ONLY (flags))
          val = NULL_TREE;
        break;
      case NAMESPACE_DECL:
        if (LOOKUP_TYPES_ONLY (flags))
          val = NULL_TREE;
        break;
      default:
        if (LOOKUP_QUALIFIERS_ONLY (flags))
          val = NULL_TREE;
      }
        
  if (!BINDING_VALUE (old))
    BINDING_VALUE (old) = val;
  else if (val && val != BINDING_VALUE (old))
    {
      if (is_overloaded_fn (BINDING_VALUE (old)) 
          && is_overloaded_fn (val))
        {
          BINDING_VALUE (old) = merge_functions (BINDING_VALUE (old),
                                                 val);
        }
      else
        {
          /* Some declarations are functions, some are not. */
          if (flags & LOOKUP_COMPLAIN)
            {
              cp_error ("use of `%D' is ambiguous", name);
              cp_error_at ("  first declared as `%#D' here",
                           BINDING_VALUE (old));
              cp_error_at ("  also declared as `%#D' here", val);
            }
          return error_mark_node;
        }
    }
  /* ... and copy the type. */
  type = BINDING_TYPE (new);
  if (LOOKUP_NAMESPACES_ONLY (flags))
    type = NULL_TREE;
  if (!BINDING_TYPE (old))
    BINDING_TYPE (old) = type;
  else if (type && BINDING_TYPE (old) != type)
    {
      if (flags & LOOKUP_COMPLAIN)
        {
          cp_error ("`%D' denotes an ambiguous type",name);
          cp_error_at ("  first type here", BINDING_TYPE (old));
          cp_error_at ("  other type here", type);
        }
    }
  return old;
}

/* Add the bindings of name in used namespaces to val.
   The using list is defined by usings, and the lookup goes to scope.
   Returns zero on errors. */

int
lookup_using_namespace (name, val, usings, scope, flags)
     tree name, val, usings, scope;
     int flags;
{
  tree iter;
  tree val1;
  /* Iterate over all used namespaces in current, searching for using
     directives of scope. */
  for (iter = usings; iter; iter = TREE_CHAIN (iter))
    if (TREE_VALUE (iter) == scope)
      {
        val1 = binding_for_name (name, TREE_PURPOSE (iter));
        /* Resolve ambiguities. */
        val = ambiguous_decl (name, val, val1, flags);
      }
  return val != error_mark_node;
}

/* [namespace.qual]
   Excepts the name to lookup and its qualifying scope.
   Returns the name/type pair found into the CPLUS_BINDING result,
   or 0 on error. */

int
qualified_lookup_using_namespace (name, scope, result, flags)
     tree name;
     tree scope;
     tree result;
     int flags;
{
  /* Maintain a list of namespaces visited... */
  tree seen = NULL_TREE;
  /* ... and a list of namespace yet to see. */
  tree todo = NULL_TREE;
  tree usings;
  while (scope && (result != error_mark_node))
    {
      seen = temp_tree_cons (scope, NULL_TREE, seen);
      result = ambiguous_decl (name, result,
                               binding_for_name (name, scope), flags);
      if (!BINDING_VALUE (result) && !BINDING_TYPE (result))
        /* Consider using directives. */
        for (usings = DECL_NAMESPACE_USING (scope); usings;
             usings = TREE_CHAIN (usings))
          /* If this was a real directive, and we have not seen it. */
          if (!TREE_INDIRECT_USING (usings)
              && !purpose_member (TREE_PURPOSE (usings), seen))
            todo = temp_tree_cons (TREE_PURPOSE (usings), NULL_TREE, todo);
      if (todo)
        {
          scope = TREE_PURPOSE (todo);
          todo = TREE_CHAIN (todo);
        }
      else
        scope = NULL_TREE; /* If there never was a todo list. */
    }
  return result != error_mark_node;
}

/* [namespace.memdef]/2 */

/* Set the context of a declaration to scope. Complain if we are not
   outside scope. */

void
set_decl_namespace (decl, scope)
     tree decl;
     tree scope;
{
  tree old;
  if (scope == std_node)
    scope = global_namespace;
  /* Get rid of namespace aliases. */
  scope = ORIGINAL_NAMESPACE (scope);
  
  if (!is_namespace_ancestor (current_namespace, scope))
    cp_error ("declaration of `%D' not in a namespace surrounding `%D'",
              decl, scope);
  DECL_CONTEXT (decl) = FROB_CONTEXT (scope);
  if (scope != current_namespace)
    {
      /* See whether this has been declared in the namespace. */
      old = namespace_binding (DECL_NAME (decl), scope);
      if (!old)
        /* No old declaration at all. */
        goto complain;
      if (!is_overloaded_fn (decl))
        /* Don't compare non-function decls with decls_match here,
           since it can't check for the correct constness at this
           point. pushdecl will find those errors later.  */
        return;
      /* Since decl is a function, old should contain a function decl. */
      if (!is_overloaded_fn (old))
        goto complain;
      for (; old; old = OVL_NEXT (old))
        if (decls_match (decl, OVL_CURRENT (old)))
          return;
    }
  else
    return;
 complain:
  cp_error ("`%D' should have been declared inside `%D'",
            decl, scope);
} 

/* Compute the namespace where a declaration is defined. */

tree
decl_namespace (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  while (DECL_CONTEXT (decl))
    {
      decl = DECL_CONTEXT (decl);
      if (TREE_CODE (decl) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
        return decl;
      if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (decl)) == 't')
        decl = TYPE_STUB_DECL (decl);
      my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (decl)) == 'd', 390);
    }

  return global_namespace;
}

/* Return the namespace where the current declaration is declared. */

tree
current_decl_namespace ()
{
  tree result;
  /* If we have been pushed into a different namespace, use it. */
  if (decl_namespace_list)
    return TREE_PURPOSE (decl_namespace_list);

  if (current_class_type)
    result = decl_namespace (TYPE_STUB_DECL (current_class_type));
  else if (current_function_decl)
    result = decl_namespace (current_function_decl);
  else 
    result = current_namespace;
  return result;
}

/* Temporarily set the namespace for the current declaration. */

void
push_decl_namespace (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (decl) != NAMESPACE_DECL)
    decl = decl_namespace (decl);
  decl_namespace_list = tree_cons (decl, NULL_TREE, decl_namespace_list);
}

void
pop_decl_namespace ()
{
  decl_namespace_list = TREE_CHAIN (decl_namespace_list);
}

static void 
check_decl_namespace ()
{
  my_friendly_assert (decl_namespace_list == NULL_TREE, 980711);
}

/* Enter a class or namespace scope. */

void
push_scope (t)
     tree t;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (t) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
    push_decl_namespace (t);
  else
    pushclass (t, 2);
}

/* Leave scope pushed by push_scope. */

void
pop_scope (t)
     tree t;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (t) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
    pop_decl_namespace ();
  else
    popclass (1);
}

/* [basic.lookup.koenig] */
/* A non-zero return value in the functions below indicates an error.
   All nodes allocated in the procedure are on the scratch obstack. */

struct arg_lookup
{
  tree name;
  tree namespaces;
  tree classes;
  tree functions;
};

static int arg_assoc         PROTO((struct arg_lookup*, tree));
static int arg_assoc_args    PROTO((struct arg_lookup*, tree));
static int arg_assoc_type    PROTO((struct arg_lookup*, tree));

/* Add a function to the lookup structure.
   Returns 1 on error.  */

static int
add_function (k, fn)
     struct arg_lookup *k;
     tree fn;
{
  if (ovl_member (fn, k->functions))
    return 0;
  /* We must find only functions, or exactly one non-function. */
  if (k->functions && is_overloaded_fn (k->functions)
      && is_overloaded_fn (fn))
    k->functions = build_overload (fn, k->functions);
  else 
    if(k->functions)
      {
        tree f1 = OVL_CURRENT (k->functions);
        tree f2 = fn;
        if (is_overloaded_fn (f1))
          {
            fn = f1; f1 = f2; f2 = fn;
          }
        cp_error_at ("`%D' is not a function,", f1);
        cp_error_at ("  conflict with `%D'", f2);
        cp_error ("  in call to `%D'", k->name);
        return 1;
      }
    else
      k->functions = fn;
  return 0;
}

/* Add functions of a namespace to the lookup structure.
   Returns 1 on error.  */

static int
arg_assoc_namespace (k, scope)
     struct arg_lookup *k;
     tree scope;
{
  tree value;

  if (purpose_member (scope, k->namespaces))
    return 0;
  k->namespaces = tree_cons (scope, NULL_TREE, k->namespaces);
  
  value = namespace_binding (k->name, scope);
  if (!value)
    return 0;
  
  for (; value; value = OVL_NEXT (value))
    if (add_function (k, OVL_CURRENT (value)))
      return 1;
  
  return 0;
}

/* Adds everything associated with class to the lookup structure.
   Returns 1 on error.  */

static int
arg_assoc_class (k, type)
     struct arg_lookup* k;
     tree type;
{
  tree list, friends, context;
  int i;
  
  if (purpose_member (type, k->classes))
    return 0;
  k->classes = tree_cons (type, NULL_TREE, k->classes);
  
  context = decl_namespace (TYPE_MAIN_DECL (type));
  if (arg_assoc_namespace (k, context))
    return 1;
  
  /* Process baseclasses. */
  for (i = 0; i < CLASSTYPE_N_BASECLASSES (type); i++)
    if (arg_assoc_class (k, TYPE_BINFO_BASETYPE (type, i)))
      return 1;
  
  /* Process friends. */
  for (list = DECL_FRIENDLIST (TYPE_MAIN_DECL (type)); list; 
       list = TREE_CHAIN (list))
    if (k->name == TREE_PURPOSE (list))
      for (friends = TREE_VALUE (list); friends; 
           friends = TREE_CHAIN (friends))
        /* Only interested in global functions with potentially hidden
           (i.e. unqualified) declarations. */
        if (TREE_PURPOSE (list) == error_mark_node && TREE_VALUE (list)
            && decl_namespace (TREE_VALUE (list)) == context)
          if (add_function (k, TREE_VALUE (list)))
            return 1;

  /* Process template arguments.  */
  if (CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (type))
    {
      list = innermost_args (CLASSTYPE_TI_ARGS (type));
      for (i = 0; i < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (list); ++i)
        arg_assoc (k, TREE_VEC_ELT (list, i));
    }

  return 0;
}

/* Adds everything associated with a given type.
   Returns 1 on error.  */

static int
arg_assoc_type (k, type)
     struct arg_lookup *k;
     tree type;
{
  switch (TREE_CODE (type))
    {
    case VOID_TYPE:
    case INTEGER_TYPE:
    case REAL_TYPE:
    case COMPLEX_TYPE:
    case CHAR_TYPE:
    case BOOLEAN_TYPE:
      return 0;
    case RECORD_TYPE:
      if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type))
        return arg_assoc_type (k, TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (type));
      return arg_assoc_class (k, type);
    case POINTER_TYPE:
    case REFERENCE_TYPE:
    case ARRAY_TYPE:
      return arg_assoc_type (k, TREE_TYPE (type));
    case UNION_TYPE:
    case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
      return arg_assoc_namespace (k, decl_namespace (TYPE_MAIN_DECL (type)));
    case OFFSET_TYPE:
      /* Pointer to member: associate class type and value type. */
      if (arg_assoc_type (k, TYPE_OFFSET_BASETYPE (type)))
        return 1;
      return arg_assoc_type (k, TREE_TYPE (type));
    case METHOD_TYPE:
      /* The basetype is referenced in the first arg type, so just
         fall through.  */
    case FUNCTION_TYPE:
      /* Associate the parameter types. */
      if (arg_assoc_args (k, TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type)))
        return 1;
      /* Associate the return type. */
      return arg_assoc_type (k, TREE_TYPE (type));
    case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
      return 0;
    case LANG_TYPE:
      if (type == unknown_type_node)
        return 0;
      /* else fall through */
    default:
      my_friendly_abort (390);
    }
  return 0;
}

/* Adds everything associated with arguments.  Returns 1 on error.  */

static int
arg_assoc_args (k, args)
     struct arg_lookup* k;
     tree args;
{
  for (; args; args = TREE_CHAIN (args))
    if (arg_assoc (k, TREE_VALUE (args)))
      return 1;
  return 0;
}

/* Adds everything associated with a given tree_node.  Returns 1 on error.  */

static int
arg_assoc (k, n)
     struct arg_lookup* k;
     tree n;
{
  if (n == error_mark_node)
    return 0;

  if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (n)) == 't')
    return arg_assoc_type (k, n);

  if (! type_unknown_p (n))
    return arg_assoc_type (k, TREE_TYPE (n));

  if (TREE_CODE (n) == ADDR_EXPR)
    n = TREE_OPERAND (n, 0);
  if (TREE_CODE (n) == COMPONENT_REF)
    n = TREE_OPERAND (n, 1);
  while (TREE_CODE (n) == TREE_LIST)
    n = TREE_VALUE (n);

  if (TREE_CODE (n) == FUNCTION_DECL)
    return arg_assoc_type (k, TREE_TYPE (n));
  if (TREE_CODE (n) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
    {
      /* [basic.lookup.koenig]

         If T is a template-id, its associated namespaces and classes
         are the namespace in which the template is defined; for
         member templates, the member template's class; the namespaces
         and classes associated with the types of the template
         arguments provided for template type parameters (excluding
         template template parameters); the namespaces in which any
         template template arguments are defined; and the classes in
         which any member templates used as template template
         arguments are defined.  [Note: non-type template arguments do
         not contribute to the set of associated namespaces.  ]   */
      tree template = TREE_OPERAND (n, 0);
      tree args = TREE_OPERAND (n, 1);
      tree ctx;
      tree arg;

      /* First, the template.  There may actually be more than one if
         this is an overloaded function template.  But, in that case,
         we only need the first; all the functions will be in the same
         namespace.  */
      template = OVL_CURRENT (template);

      ctx = CP_DECL_CONTEXT (template);
       
      if (TREE_CODE (ctx) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
        {
          if (arg_assoc_namespace (k, ctx) == 1)
            return 1;
        }
      /* It must be a member template.  */
      else if (arg_assoc_class (k, ctx) == 1)
        return 1;

      /* Now the arguments.  */
      for (arg = args; arg != NULL_TREE; arg = TREE_CHAIN (arg))
        {
          tree t = TREE_VALUE (arg);

          if (TREE_CODE (t) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
            {
              ctx = CP_DECL_CONTEXT (t);
              if (TREE_CODE (ctx) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
                {
                  if (arg_assoc_namespace (k, ctx) == 1)
                    return 1;
                }
              else if (arg_assoc_class (k, ctx) == 1)
                return 1;
            }
          else if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (t)) == 't'
                   && arg_assoc_type (k, t) == 1)
            return 1;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (n) == OVERLOAD, 980715);
      
      for (; n; n = OVL_CHAIN (n))
        if (arg_assoc_type (k, TREE_TYPE (OVL_FUNCTION (n))))
          return 1;
    }

  return 0;
}

/* Performs Koenig lookup depending on arguments, where fns
   are the functions found in normal lookup. */

tree
lookup_arg_dependent (name, fns, args)
     tree name;
     tree fns;
     tree args;
{
  struct arg_lookup k;
  k.name = name;
  k.functions = fns;
  k.namespaces = NULL_TREE;
  k.classes = NULL_TREE;
  
  push_scratch_obstack ();
  arg_assoc_args (&k, args);
  pop_obstacks ();
  return k.functions;
}

/* Process a namespace-alias declaration. */

void
do_namespace_alias (alias, namespace)
     tree alias, namespace;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (namespace) != NAMESPACE_DECL)
    {
      /* The parser did not find it, so it's not there. */
      cp_error ("unknown namespace `%D'", namespace);
      return;
    }

  namespace = ORIGINAL_NAMESPACE (namespace);

  /* Build the alias. */
  alias = build_lang_decl (NAMESPACE_DECL, alias, void_type_node);     
  DECL_NAMESPACE_ALIAS (alias) = namespace;
  pushdecl (alias);
}

/* Check a non-member using-declaration. Return the name and scope
   being used, and the USING_DECL, or NULL_TREE on failure. */

static tree
validate_nonmember_using_decl (decl, scope, name)
     tree decl;
     tree *scope;
     tree *name;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == SCOPE_REF
      && TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0) == std_node)
    {
      *scope = global_namespace;
      *name = TREE_OPERAND (decl, 1);
    }
  else if (TREE_CODE (decl) == SCOPE_REF)
    {
      *scope = TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0);
      *name = TREE_OPERAND (decl, 1);
    }
  else if (TREE_CODE (decl) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
           || TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL)
    {
      *scope = global_namespace;
      *name = decl;
    }
  else
    my_friendly_abort (382);
  if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (*name)) == 'd')
    *name = DECL_NAME (*name);
  /* Make a USING_DECL. */
  return push_using_decl (*scope, *name);
}

/* Process local and global using-declarations. */

static void
do_nonmember_using_decl (scope, name, oldval, oldtype, newval, newtype)
     tree scope, name;
     tree oldval, oldtype;
     tree *newval, *newtype;
{
  tree decls;
  struct tree_binding _decls;

  *newval = *newtype = NULL_TREE;
  decls = binding_init (&_decls);
  if (!qualified_lookup_using_namespace (name, scope, decls, 0))
    /* Lookup error */
    return;

  if (!BINDING_VALUE (decls) && !BINDING_TYPE (decls))
    {
      cp_error ("`%D' not declared", name);
      return;
    }

  /* Check for using functions. */
  if (BINDING_VALUE (decls) && is_overloaded_fn (BINDING_VALUE (decls)))
    {
      tree tmp, tmp1;

      if (oldval && !is_overloaded_fn (oldval))
        {
          duplicate_decls (OVL_CURRENT (BINDING_VALUE (decls)), oldval);
          oldval = NULL_TREE;
        }

      *newval = oldval;
      for (tmp = BINDING_VALUE (decls); tmp; tmp = OVL_NEXT (tmp))
        {
          /* Compare each new function with each old one.
             If the old function was also used, there is no conflict. */
          for (tmp1 = oldval; tmp1; tmp1 = OVL_NEXT (tmp1))
            if (OVL_CURRENT (tmp) == OVL_CURRENT (tmp1))
              break;
            else if (OVL_USED (tmp1))
              continue;
            else if (duplicate_decls (OVL_CURRENT (tmp), OVL_CURRENT (tmp1)))
              return;

          /* Duplicate use, ignore */
          if (tmp1)
            continue;
            
          *newval = build_overload (OVL_CURRENT (tmp), *newval);
          if (TREE_CODE (*newval) != OVERLOAD)
            *newval = ovl_cons (*newval, NULL_TREE);
          OVL_USED (*newval) = 1;
        }
    }
  else 
    {
      *newval = BINDING_VALUE (decls);
      if (oldval)
        duplicate_decls (*newval, oldval);
    } 

  *newtype = BINDING_TYPE (decls);
  if (oldtype && *newtype && oldtype != *newtype)
    {
      cp_error ("using directive `%D' introduced ambiguous type `%T'",
                name, oldtype);
      return;
    }
}

/* Process a using-declaration not appearing in class or local scope. */

void
do_toplevel_using_decl (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  tree scope, name, binding;
  tree oldval, oldtype, newval, newtype;

  decl = validate_nonmember_using_decl (decl, &scope, &name);
  if (decl == NULL_TREE)
    return;
  
  binding = binding_for_name (name, current_namespace);

  oldval = BINDING_VALUE (binding);
  oldtype = BINDING_TYPE (binding);

  do_nonmember_using_decl (scope, name, oldval, oldtype, &newval, &newtype);

  /* Copy declarations found. */
  if (newval)
    BINDING_VALUE (binding) = newval;
  if (newtype)
    BINDING_TYPE (binding) = newtype;
  return;
}

/* Process a using-declaration at function scope.  */

void
do_local_using_decl (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  tree scope, name;
  tree oldval, oldtype, newval, newtype;

  decl = validate_nonmember_using_decl (decl, &scope, &name);
  if (decl == NULL_TREE)
    return;

  oldval = lookup_name_current_level (name);
  oldtype = lookup_type_current_level (name);

  do_nonmember_using_decl (scope, name, oldval, oldtype, &newval, &newtype);

  if (newval)
    set_identifier_local_value (name, newval);
  if (newtype)
    set_identifier_type_value (name, newtype);
}

tree
do_class_using_decl (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  tree name, value;

  if (TREE_CODE (decl) != SCOPE_REF
      || TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0))) != 't')
    {
      cp_error ("using-declaration for non-member at class scope");
      return NULL_TREE;
    }
  name = TREE_OPERAND (decl, 1);
  if (TREE_CODE (name) == BIT_NOT_EXPR)
    {
      cp_error ("using-declaration for destructor");
      return NULL_TREE;
    }
  if (TREE_CODE (name) == TYPE_DECL)
    name = DECL_NAME (name);

  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (name) == IDENTIFIER_NODE, 980716);

  value = build_lang_field_decl (USING_DECL, name, void_type_node);
  DECL_INITIAL (value) = TREE_OPERAND (decl, 0);
  return value;
}

/* Process a using-directive. */

void
do_using_directive (namespace)
     tree namespace;
{
  if (namespace == std_node)
    return;
  /* using namespace A::B::C; */
  if (TREE_CODE (namespace) == SCOPE_REF)
      namespace = TREE_OPERAND (namespace, 1);
  if (TREE_CODE (namespace) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
    {
      /* Lookup in lexer did not find a namespace. */
      cp_error ("namespace `%T' undeclared", namespace);
      return;
    }
  if (TREE_CODE (namespace) != NAMESPACE_DECL)
    {
      cp_error ("`%T' is not a namespace", namespace);
      return;
    }
  namespace = ORIGINAL_NAMESPACE (namespace);
  if (!toplevel_bindings_p ())
    push_using_directive (namespace);
  else
    /* direct usage */
    add_using_namespace (current_namespace, namespace, 0);
}

void
check_default_args (x)
     tree x;
{
  tree arg = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (x));
  int saw_def = 0, i = 0 - (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (x)) == METHOD_TYPE);
  for (; arg && arg != void_list_node; arg = TREE_CHAIN (arg), ++i)
    {
      if (TREE_PURPOSE (arg))
        saw_def = 1;
      else if (saw_def)
        {
          cp_error_at ("default argument missing for parameter %P of `%+#D'",
                       i, x);
          break;
        }
    }
}

void
mark_used (decl)
     tree decl;
{
  TREE_USED (decl) = 1;
  if (processing_template_decl)
    return;
  assemble_external (decl);

  /* Is it a synthesized method that needs to be synthesized?  */
  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL && DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (decl)
      && DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) && ! DECL_INITIAL (decl)
      /* Kludge: don't synthesize for default args.  */
      && current_function_decl)
    synthesize_method (decl);

  /* If this is a function or variable that is an instance of some
     template, we now know that we will need to actually do the
     instantiation.  A TEMPLATE_DECL may also have DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO,
     if it's a partial instantiation, but there's no need to
     instantiate such a thing.  We check that DECL is not an explicit
     instantiation because that is not checked in instantiate_decl.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (decl) != TEMPLATE_DECL
      && DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (decl) && DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl)
      && !DECL_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION (decl))
    instantiate_decl (decl);
}

/* Helper function for named_class_head_sans_basetype nonterminal.  */

tree
handle_class_head (aggr, scope, id)
     tree aggr, scope, id;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (id) == TYPE_DECL)
    return id;

  if (scope)
    cp_error ("`%T' does not have a nested type named `%D'", scope, id);
  else
    cp_error ("no file-scope type named `%D'", id);

  id = xref_tag
    (aggr, make_anon_name (), 1);
  return TYPE_MAIN_DECL (id);
}