libstdc++: Allow adjacent __maybe_present_t<false, ...> fields to overlap

libstdc++: Allow adjacent __maybe_present_t<false, ...> fields to overlap

Currently __maybe_present_t<false, T> maps to the same empty class
type independent of T.  This is suboptimal because it means adjacent
__maybe_present_t<false, ...> members with the [[no_unique_address]]
attribute can't overlap even if the conditionally present types are
different.

This patch turns this empty class type into a template parameterized by
the conditionally present type, so that

  [[no_unique_address]] __maybe_present_t<false, T> _M_a;
  [[no_unique_address]] __maybe_present_t<false, U> _M_b;

now overlap if T and U are different.

This patch goes a step further and also adds an optional integer
discriminator parameter to allow for overlapping when T and U are
the same.

libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

	* include/std/ranges (ranges::__detail::_Empty): Rename to ...
	(ranges::__detail::_Absent): ... this.  Turn into a template
	parameterized by the absent type _Tp and discriminator _Disc.
	(ranges::__detail::__maybe_present_t): Add an optional
	discriminator parameter.
	(slide_view::_M_cached_begin): Pass a discriminator argument to
	__maybe_present_t.
	(slide_view::_M_cached_end): Likewise.
	* testsuite/std/ranges/adaptors/sizeof.cc: Verify the size of
	slide_view<V> is 3 instead 4 pointers.

Reviewed-by: Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>