I looked around to see if a bug was already filed on this and couldn't find one.

CWG 1550, passed in Bristol, changes the value category of the result of a conditional operator when one operand is an lvalue and the other is a throw-expression:

* The second or the third operand (but not both) is a (possibly parenthesized) throw-expression (15.1); the result is of the type and value category of the other.

Here is a test, that should compile in C++:

struct X
{
    int i_;
    bool b_;

    int& test() {return b_ ? i_ : throw 1;}
};

Current behavior is:

 error: cannot bind non-const lvalue reference of type 'int&' to an rvalue of type 'int'
  int& test() {return b_ ? i_ : throw 1;}
                      ~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~

                        ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.

I tried clang++. It accepts the code.