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9.6 Functions

A function is represented by a FUNCTION_DECL node. A set of overloaded functions is sometimes represented by a OVERLOAD node.

An OVERLOAD node is not a declaration, so none of the `DECL_' macros should be used on an OVERLOAD. An OVERLOAD node is similar to a TREE_LIST. Use OVL_CURRENT to get the function associated with an OVERLOAD node; use OVL_NEXT to get the next OVERLOAD node in the list of overloaded functions. The macros OVL_CURRENT and OVL_NEXT are actually polymorphic; you can use them to work with FUNCTION_DECL nodes as well as with overloads. In the case of a FUNCTION_DECL, OVL_CURRENT will always return the function itself, and OVL_NEXT will always be NULL_TREE.

To determine the scope of a function, you can use the DECL_CONTEXT macro. This macro will return the class (either a RECORD_TYPE or a UNION_TYPE) or namespace (a NAMESPACE_DECL) of which the function is a member. For a virtual function, this macro returns the class in which the function was actually defined, not the base class in which the virtual declaration occurred.

If a friend function is defined in a class scope, the DECL_FRIEND_CONTEXT macro can be used to determine the class in which it was defined. For example, in

     class C { friend void f() {} };

the DECL_CONTEXT for f will be the global_namespace, but the DECL_FRIEND_CONTEXT will be the RECORD_TYPE for C.

In C, the DECL_CONTEXT for a function maybe another function. This representation indicates that the GNU nested function extension is in use. For details on the semantics of nested functions, see the GCC Manual. The nested function can refer to local variables in its containing function. Such references are not explicitly marked in the tree structure; back ends must look at the DECL_CONTEXT for the referenced VAR_DECL. If the DECL_CONTEXT for the referenced VAR_DECL is not the same as the function currently being processed, and neither DECL_EXTERNAL nor DECL_STATIC hold, then the reference is to a local variable in a containing function, and the back end must take appropriate action.