Adjusting the Instruction Scheduler

The instruction scheduler may need a fair amount of machine-specific adjustment in order to produce good code. GCC provides several target hooks for this purpose. It is usually enough to define just a few of them: try the first ones in this list first.

int TARGET_SCHED_ISSUE_RATE (void)

Target Hook

This hook returns the maximum number of instructions that can ever issue at the same time on the target machine. The default is one. This value must be constant over the entire compilation. If you need it to vary depending on what the instructions are, you must use TARGET_SCHED_VARIABLE_ISSUE.

int TARGET_SCHED_VARIABLE_ISSUE (FILE *file, int verbose, rtx insn, int more)

Target Hook

This hook is executed by the scheduler after it has scheduled an insn from the ready list. It should return the number of insns which can still be issued in the current cycle. Normally this is more - 1. You should define this hook if some insns take more machine resources than others, so that fewer insns can follow them in the same cycle. file is either a null pointer, or a stdio stream to write any debug output to. verbose is the verbose level provided by -fsched-verbose-n. insn is the instruction that was scheduled.

int TARGET_SCHED_ADJUST_COST (rtx insn, rtx link, rtx dep_insn, int cost)

Target Hook

This function corrects the value of cost based on the relationship between insn and dep_insn through the dependence link. It should return the new value. The default is to make no adjustment to cost. This can be used for example to specify to the scheduler that an output- or anti-dependence does not incur the same cost as a data-dependence.

int TARGET_SCHED_ADJUST_PRIORITY (rtx insn, int priority)

Target Hook

This hook adjusts the integer scheduling priority priority of insn. It should return the new priority. Reduce the priority to execute insn earlier, increase the priority to execute insn later. Do not define this hook if you do not need to adjust the scheduling priorities of insns.

int TARGET_SCHED_REORDER (FILE *file, int verbose, rtx *ready, int *n_readyp, int clock)

Target Hook

This hook is executed by the scheduler after it has scheduled the ready list, to allow the machine description to reorder it (for example to combine two small instructions together on VLIW machines). file is either a null pointer, or a stdio stream to write any debug output to. verbose is the verbose level provided by -fsched-verbose-n. ready is a pointer to the ready list of instructions that are ready to be scheduled. n_readyp is a pointer to the number of elements in the ready list. The scheduler reads the ready list in reverse order, starting with ready[*n_readyp-1] and going to ready[0]. clock is the timer tick of the scheduler. You may modify the ready list and the number of ready insns. The return value is the number of insns that can issue this cycle; normally this is just issue_rate. See also TARGET_SCHED_REORDER2.

int TARGET_SCHED_REORDER2 (FILE *file, int verbose, rtx *ready, int *n_ready, clock)

Target Hook

Like TARGET_SCHED_REORDER, but called at a different time. That function is called whenever the scheduler starts a new cycle. This one is called once per iteration over a cycle, immediately after TARGET_SCHED_VARIABLE_ISSUE; it can reorder the ready list and return the number of insns to be scheduled in the same cycle. Defining this hook can be useful if there are frequent situations where scheduling one insn causes other insns to become ready in the same cycle. These other insns can then be taken into account properly.

void TARGET_SCHED_INIT (FILE *file, int verbose, int max_ready)

Target Hook

This hook is executed by the scheduler at the beginning of each block of instructions that are to be scheduled. file is either a null pointer, or a stdio stream to write any debug output to. verbose is the verbose level provided by -fsched-verbose-n. max_ready is the maximum number of insns in the current scheduling region that can be live at the same time. This can be used to allocate scratch space if it is needed, e.g. by TARGET_SCHED_REORDER.

void TARGET_SCHED_FINISH (FILE *file, int verbose)

Target Hook

This hook is executed by the scheduler at the end of each block of instructions that are to be scheduled. It can be used to perform cleanup of any actions done by the other scheduling hooks. file is either a null pointer, or a stdio stream to write any debug output to. verbose is the verbose level provided by -fsched-verbose-n.

rtx TARGET_SCHED_CYCLE_DISPLAY (int clock, rtx last)

Target Hook

This hook is called in verbose mode only, at the beginning of each pass over a basic block. It should insert an insn into the chain after last, which has no effect, but records the value clock in RTL dumps and assembly output. Define this hook only if you need this level of detail about what the scheduler is doing.