As Chris points, due to operator precedence weirdness this
becomes a left shift by 3 or multiplication by 23, in line
with what you observed.
This was introduced almost two years ago in a merge from
Classpath:
http://gcc.gnu.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/gcc/libjava/java/util/IdentityHashMap.java.diff?r1=1.8&r2=1.9&only_with_tag=MAIN
Relevant change:
// This isn't necessarily prime, but it is an odd number of key/value
// slots, which has a higher probability of fewer collisions.
- table = new Object[old.length * 2 + 2];
+ table = new Object[old.length << 1 + 2];