[Bug libstdc++/78448] Container max_size() functions don't consider the range of their difference_type

["redi at gcc dot gnu.org" <gcc-bugzilla at gcc dot gnu dot org>]

https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=78448

Jonathan Wakely <redi at gcc dot gnu.org> changed:

           What    |Removed                     |Added
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Status|UNCONFIRMED                 |NEW
   Last reconfirmed|                            |2018-08-20
     Ever confirmed|0                           |1

--- Comment #2 from Jonathan Wakely <redi at gcc dot gnu.org> ---
Testcase from PR 87027:

The program below outputs 2:

/usr/bin/g++ -m32 -std=c++14  ex.cpp && ./a.out
Vector maximal size: 4294967295 and actual size: 2415919104
Found value 2

It should output 3 or throw std::length_error.

See also
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51907247/lower-bound-algorithm-stl-usage-preconditions/51910011#51910011 

// compile with -m32 switch
#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<stdexcept>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
int main() {
 try {
  vector<uint8_t> v((1ULL << 28) * 9, 2); // 2.25 G entries
  v.back() = 3;                           // the last of which is greater
  cout<< "Vector maximal size: "<<v.max_size()<< " and actual size: " <<
v.size() <<endl;
  uint8_t val=3;
  auto x= lower_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), val );
  if (x!=v.end() && !( val< *x ) ) {
   cout << "Found value " << int(*x) << endl;
  } else {
   cout << "Not Found " << endl;
  }
 } catch (exception const & ex){
  cerr<< ex.what()<<endl;
 }
}

//----------
$ /usr/bin/g++ --version
g++ (Debian 6.3.0-18+deb9u1) 6.3.0 20170516
Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.